See hireling on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hirlyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hirlyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hȳrling",
"t": "hireling, employee"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳrling (“hireling, employee”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hūʀijuling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijuling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hierling"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian hierling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "huurling",
"t": "hireling, mercenary"
},
"expansion": "Dutch huurling (“hireling, mercenary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Hüürling"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Hüürling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Heuerling"
},
"expansion": "German Heuerling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hire",
"3": "ling"
},
"expansion": "hire + -ling",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hirlyng, from Old English hȳrling (“hireling, employee”), from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijuling. Cognate with West Frisian hierling, Dutch huurling (“hireling, mercenary”), German Low German Hüürling,\nGerman Heuerling. By surface analysis, hire + -ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hirelings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hireling (plural hirelings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "underling"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 42 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 40 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 42 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 7:1, column 2:",
"text": "Is there not an appointed time to man vpon earth? are not his dayes alſo like the dayes of an hireling?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Miss Crawley at Nurse”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 167:",
"text": "When my poor James was in the small-pox, did I allow any hireling to nurse him?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence."
],
"id": "en-hireling-en-noun-R5GdAQo3",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"employee",
"employee"
],
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"independence",
"independence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lejesvend"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"word": "renki"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "asneis",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐍃𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "misthōtós",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μισθωτός"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amhas"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 10 16 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nájmyt",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́ймит"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 54 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 47 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ling",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 51 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 66 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 58 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 42 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 40 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 55 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 50 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 42 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 10, recto:",
"text": "[…]it may bee truely affirmed, that no kinde of men loue buſineſſe for it ſelfe, but thoſe that are learned; for other perſons loue it for profite; as an hireling that loues the worke for the wages;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1821, Lord Byron, “Sardanapalus”, in Sardanapalus, a Tragedy; The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Cain, a Mystery, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 56:",
"text": "These vain bickerings / Are spawn'd in courts by base intrigues and baser / Hirelings, who live by lies on good men's lives.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who does a job purely for money, rather than out of interest in the work itself."
],
"id": "en-hireling-en-noun-bsha0eVN",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) Someone who does a job purely for money, rather than out of interest in the work itself."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naemnik",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наемник"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"word": "palkkarenki"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epíkouros",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἐπίκουρος"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 84 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nájmyt",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́ймит"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 42 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 40 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 42 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 16 41 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Evelyn Waugh, A Handful of Dust, Chapter 3, Section 5:",
"text": "In the afternoon they went to a neighbouring livery stables to look for hirellings.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A horse for hire."
],
"id": "en-hireling-en-noun-ra8Nkj7C"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A prostitute."
],
"id": "en-hireling-en-noun-NiVr4rC1",
"links": [
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A prostitute."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaɪ.ə.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaɪɹˌlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flunky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lackey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mercenary"
}
],
"word": "hireling"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ling",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hirlyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hirlyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hȳrling",
"t": "hireling, employee"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳrling (“hireling, employee”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hūʀijuling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijuling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "hierling"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian hierling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "huurling",
"t": "hireling, mercenary"
},
"expansion": "Dutch huurling (“hireling, mercenary”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Hüürling"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Hüürling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Heuerling"
},
"expansion": "German Heuerling",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hire",
"3": "ling"
},
"expansion": "hire + -ling",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hirlyng, from Old English hȳrling (“hireling, employee”), from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀijuling. Cognate with West Frisian hierling, Dutch huurling (“hireling, mercenary”), German Low German Hüürling,\nGerman Heuerling. By surface analysis, hire + -ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hirelings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hireling (plural hirelings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "underling"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 7:1, column 2:",
"text": "Is there not an appointed time to man vpon earth? are not his dayes alſo like the dayes of an hireling?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Miss Crawley at Nurse”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 167:",
"text": "When my poor James was in the small-pox, did I allow any hireling to nurse him?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"employee",
"employee"
],
[
"hire",
"hire"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"independence",
"independence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 10, recto:",
"text": "[…]it may bee truely affirmed, that no kinde of men loue buſineſſe for it ſelfe, but thoſe that are learned; for other perſons loue it for profite; as an hireling that loues the worke for the wages;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1821, Lord Byron, “Sardanapalus”, in Sardanapalus, a Tragedy; The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Cain, a Mystery, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 56:",
"text": "These vain bickerings / Are spawn'd in courts by base intrigues and baser / Hirelings, who live by lies on good men's lives.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who does a job purely for money, rather than out of interest in the work itself."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) Someone who does a job purely for money, rather than out of interest in the work itself."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Evelyn Waugh, A Handful of Dust, Chapter 3, Section 5:",
"text": "In the afternoon they went to a neighbouring livery stables to look for hirellings.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A horse for hire."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A prostitute."
],
"links": [
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A prostitute."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaɪ.ə.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaɪɹˌlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "flunky"
},
{
"word": "lackey"
},
{
"word": "mercenary"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lejesvend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"word": "renki"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "asneis",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐍃𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "misthōtós",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μισθωτός"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amhas"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nájmyt",
"sense": "someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́ймит"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naemnik",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наемник"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"word": "palkkarenki"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epíkouros",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἐπίκουρος"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nájmyt",
"sense": "someone who does a job purely for money",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "на́ймит"
}
],
"word": "hireling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hireling meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.