See underling on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overling"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Unterling",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Unterling (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Unterling (calque)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "underling"
},
"expansion": "Middle English underling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "underling"
},
"expansion": "Old English underling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ling"
},
"expansion": "under + -ling",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English underling, from Old English underling, equivalent to under + -ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underlings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underling (plural underlings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "groundling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hireling"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ling",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Javanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], lines 140-141:",
"text": "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"I love not that underlings should perceive my wisdom.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 7, Simon Shuster, “2022 Person of the Year: Volodymyr Zelensky”, in Time:",
"text": "His decision to stay at the compound in the face of possible assassination set an example, making it more difficult for his underlings to cut and run. “Anyone who left is a traitor,” Ruslan Stefanchuk, the speaker of Ukraine’s parliament, told its members a few hours after the invasion started.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 7, Rob Copeland, “‘Ray, This Is a Religion’”, in New York Magazine:",
"text": "So read the email from Ray Dalio, founder of the world’s largest hedge fund, Bridgewater Associates, and a billionaire many times over. It would be read by more than 1,000 of his underlings at the company.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority."
],
"id": "en-underling-en-noun-La0xm5Ff",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"lesser",
"lesser"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiàshǔ",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "下屬 /下属"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "ondergeschikte"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "alainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "käskyläinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subordonné"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sous-fifre"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergebener"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Untergebene"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untertan"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Unterling"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "beosztott"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"alt": "したっぱ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shitappa",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "下っ端"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "sosoran"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subiectus"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podčinjónnyj",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подчинённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mélkaja sóška",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ме́лкая со́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lûuk-nɔ́ɔng",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "ลูกน้อง"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low, wretched person."
],
"id": "en-underling-en-noun-D6DZfvlH"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-underling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/En-us-underling.ogg/En-us-underling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/En-us-underling.ogg"
}
],
"word": "underling"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overling"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ling",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Javanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"en:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Unterling",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Unterling (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Unterling (calque)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "underling"
},
"expansion": "Middle English underling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "underling"
},
"expansion": "Old English underling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ling"
},
"expansion": "under + -ling",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English underling, from Old English underling, equivalent to under + -ling.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underlings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underling (plural underlings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "groundling"
},
{
"word": "hireling"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], lines 140-141:",
"text": "The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "\"I love not that underlings should perceive my wisdom.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 December 7, Simon Shuster, “2022 Person of the Year: Volodymyr Zelensky”, in Time:",
"text": "His decision to stay at the compound in the face of possible assassination set an example, making it more difficult for his underlings to cut and run. “Anyone who left is a traitor,” Ruslan Stefanchuk, the speaker of Ukraine’s parliament, told its members a few hours after the invasion started.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 November 7, Rob Copeland, “‘Ray, This Is a Religion’”, in New York Magazine:",
"text": "So read the email from Ray Dalio, founder of the world’s largest hedge fund, Bridgewater Associates, and a billionaire many times over. It would be read by more than 1,000 of his underlings at the company.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority."
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"lesser",
"lesser"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A low, wretched person."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-underling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/En-us-underling.ogg/En-us-underling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/En-us-underling.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiàshǔ",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "下屬 /下属"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "ondergeschikte"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "alainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "käskyläinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subordonné"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sous-fifre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untergebener"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Untergebene"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Untertan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Unterling"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "beosztott"
},
{
"alt": "したっぱ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shitappa",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "下っ端"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "sosoran"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subiectus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podčinjónnyj",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подчинённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mélkaja sóška",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ме́лкая со́шка"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "lûuk-nɔ́ɔng",
"sense": "a subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority",
"word": "ลูกน้อง"
}
],
"word": "underling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for underling meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.