See femme on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for femme meaning in All languages combined (28.0kB)
{
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"3": "*dʰeh₁(y)-"
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "woman"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "feme",
"3": "femina",
"4": "hembra"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”). Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "femme (plural femmes)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "11 0 4 37 27 21",
"kind": "topical",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 18",
"text": "Then I turned to him and said, \"O my lord, I have that to propose to thee wherein thou must not cross me; and this it is that, when we reach Baghdad, my native city, I offer thee my life as thy handmaiden in holy matrimony, and thou shalt be to me baron and I will be femme to thee.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Variety's Film Reviews: 1964–1967",
"text": "Theodore J. Flicker and George Kirgo have penned a good script in which Elvis is played off against four femmes […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman, a wife; (now chiefly Canada, US) a young woman or girl."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-noun-~ACQHOLj",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "butch"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "en:LGBT",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1986 [1984], Armistead Maupin, Babycakes (Tales of the City), pages 64–65",
"text": "Some of the most political dykes in town had already converted, tossing out their Levi's and Birkenstocks in favor of poodle skirts and heels. It was no longer a question of butch vs. femme, liberations vs. oppression. Clothes did not unmake the woman; clothes were just clothes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Leslie Feinberg, Stone Butch Blues, Los Angeles: Alyson Books, published 2003, page 32",
"text": "Monique whispered something to a butch sitting near her. The butch crossed the room and approached our table. “Hey,” she called to me. I didn't look up. “Hey, femme, you wanna dance with a real butch?”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Bi Academic Intervention, Bisexual Imaginary: Representation, Identity, and Desire, A&C Black, page 207",
"text": "Given the myth that lesbian femmes will eventually leave their butches for men, there is an understandable unwillingness to acknowledge bisexual femmes, who really might do it — as indeed they have every right to.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Michelle Gibson, Deborah Meem, Femme/Butch, page 103",
"text": "I love butches, though. I dated a femme once. That was wrong on so many levels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lesbian or other queer woman whose appearance, identity etc. is seen as feminine as opposed to butch."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-noun-ZUIkzimV",
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
],
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"queer",
"queer"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
],
[
"butch",
"butch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT) A lesbian or other queer woman whose appearance, identity etc. is seen as feminine as opposed to butch."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "fem"
}
],
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"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: masc"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Queer Magic: Power Beyond Boundaries (Lee Harrington, Tai Fenix Kulystin), page 79",
"text": "The same is true of Goddess Spirituality spaces which are predicated on Radical Feminist rhetorics about Nature and the embodied experience – even those spaces which are open to trans women and nonbinary femmes may still fall back on language about the womb …"
},
{
"ref": "2019, The Lemonade Reader: Beyoncé, Black Feminism and Spirituality (Kinitra D. Brooks, Kameelah L. Martin)",
"text": "[…] there is no story of Black pain deeper than that of Black fat women and femmes. […]\n¹ Gender expansive for women, femmes, and nonbinary folks."
},
{
"ref": "2019, Black Girl Magic Beyond the Hashtag (Julia S. Jordan-Zachery, Duchess Harris), page 21",
"text": "Jordan-Zachery offers two dominant scripts that are often written onto Black women's, femmes', and girls' bodies: The Ass and Strong Black Woman scripts."
},
{
"ref": "2019, Kristen J. Sollee, Cat Call: Reclaiming the Feral Feminine, page xvii",
"text": "[...] and any person who might partake in feminine expression (cis and trans women and men, nonbinary femmes...).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose gender is feminine-leaning, such as a feminine non-binary person."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-noun-umzLsW1L",
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT, less common) A person whose gender is feminine-leaning, such as a feminine non-binary person."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"LGBT",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-femme.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "femme"
}
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},
"expansion": "French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”). Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more femme",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most femme",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "baron and femme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "en femme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme couverte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme fan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme fatale firefly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme incomprise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme-Nazi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Mass media",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Jeff Apter, Fornication: The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story",
"text": "Admittedly, Kiedis was concerned about the lack of femme rockers on the bill: the only women featured were in British band Lush, who would open each day's festivities before a few hundred curious onlookers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 March 20, Summer Brennan, “Sex, power, oppression: why women wear high heels”, in The Guardian",
"text": "High heels are something like neckties for women, in that it can be harder to look both formal and femme without them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to a femme; feminine, female."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-adj-Z~80M0Gf",
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
],
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Canada, US, journalism, entertainment) Pertaining to a femme; feminine, female."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"journalism",
"lifestyle",
"media"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Effeminate (of a man)."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-adj-rILbUSPv",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Effeminate",
"effeminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly derogatory) Effeminate (of a man)."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "butch"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her style was more femme than butch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Deneuve",
"text": "\"We want to base our relationships on who we are now, not who we once were\" says radical femme bisexual Linda Moore.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Beth A. Firestein, Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan, Columbia University Press, page 305",
"text": "In comparison to butch bisexual women, it may be easier for femme bisexual women to locate male and female dating partners […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic of a feminine lesbian or queer woman."
],
"id": "en-femme-en-adj-9DzlrCk5"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Butch and femme"
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bonne femme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ce que femme veut, Dieu le veut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme au foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme au volant, mort au tournant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de chambre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de charge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de Dieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de lettres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de ménage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de petite vertu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme de réconfort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme du monde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme d’affaires"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme d’État"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme d’ouvrage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme fatale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme fontaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme galante"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme politique"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme qui rit, à moitié dans son lit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femme qui rit, à moitié dans ton lit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "femmelette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "homme à femmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "jeune femme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prendre femme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "souvent femme varie, bien fol est qui s’y fie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "verlan",
"word": "meuf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Antillean Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Antillean Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcr",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Guianese Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Guianese Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmv",
"2": "fam"
},
"expansion": "Karipúna Creole French: fam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karipúna Creole French: fam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "fenm",
"3": "famm"
},
"expansion": "Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crs",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Seychellois Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Seychellois Creole: fanm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
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"tr": "",
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},
"expansion": "Middle French femme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French femme",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "fame",
"4": "fam(m)e"
},
"expansion": "Old French fam(m)e",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "femme",
"3": "fem(m)e"
},
"expansion": "fem(m)e",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fēmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin fēmina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁m̥h₁néh₂",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂",
"t": "(the one) nursing, breastfeeding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couenne, solennel"
},
"expansion": "couenne, solennel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-emment"
},
"expansion": "-emment",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,roa-gal",
"2": "fame"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Gallo fame",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "fanme"
},
"expansion": "Picard fanme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "fonne"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon fonne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "fèna"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal fèna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "femna"
},
"expansion": "Occitan femna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Corsican femina",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French femme, from Old French fam(m)e, fem(m)e, fenme, from Latin fēmina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). The Old French pronunciation was [fɛ̃mə], which then became [fãmə] through lowering of nasal vowels, finally [famə] in Middle French through denasalisation before /m/, /n/. Other words in which -e- is pronounced /a/ include couenne, solennel, and the adverbs in -emment.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Norman and Gallo fame; Picard fanme; Bourguignon fonne; Franco-Provençal fèna; Occitan femna; Corsican femina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "féminin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "homme"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your moral grandeur, image of infinity, is as vast as the philosopher's reflections, as woman's love, as the divine beauty of the bird, as the meditations of the poet. You are more beautiful than the night. Answer me, ocean, will you be my brother ?",
"ref": "1868, Comte de Lautréamont, Les Chants de Maldoror",
"text": "Ta grandeur morale, image de l’infini, est immense comme la réflexion du philosophe, comme l’amour de la femme, comme la beauté divine de l’oiseau, comme les méditations du poète. Tu es plus beau que la nuit. Réponds-moi, océan, veux-tu être mon frère ?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"id": "en-femme-fr-noun-zy5b~x7w",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mari"
},
{
"word": "époux"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It was on the night of the wedding at the church that Count Muffat appeared in his wife's bedroom, which he had not entered for two years past.",
"ref": "1880, Émile Zola, Nana",
"text": "Ce fut le soir du mariage à l’église que le comte Muffat se présenta dans la chambre de sa femme, où il n’était pas entré depuis deux ans.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"id": "en-femme-fr-noun-nVKjyOTW",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "épouse"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)",
"word": "fem"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "fr:LGBT",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms with unexpected bright a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "fr:Female family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Female people",
"Family",
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "fr:LGBT",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2001, Marie-Hélène Bourcier, Queer zones: politiques des identités sexuelles, des représentations et des savoirs",
"text": "\"[…] un couple qui fonctionne requiert des individus dichotomiques qu’il s’agisse d’un homme et d’une femme ou bien d’une butch et d’une femme\", Lilian Faderman, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers, A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fem (“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)"
],
"id": "en-femme-fr-noun-JwQLEipI",
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
],
[
"fem",
"fem#French"
],
[
"butch",
"butch#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT, rare) Alternative form of fem (“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"LGBT",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fam/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-femme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Fr-femme.ogg/Fr-femme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Fr-femme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "femme"
},
"expansion": "French: femme\nAntillean Creole: fanm\nGuianese Creole: fanm\nHaitian Creole: fanm\nKaripúna Creole French: fam\nLouisiana Creole: fenm, famm\nSeychellois Creole: fanm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: femme\nAntillean Creole: fanm\nGuianese Creole: fanm\nHaitian Creole: fanm\nKaripúna Creole French: fam\nLouisiana Creole: fenm, famm\nSeychellois Creole: fanm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fame"
},
"expansion": "Old French fame",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "femme"
},
"expansion": "femme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "feme"
},
"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Latin femina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁m̥h₁néh₂",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂",
"t": "(the one) nursing, breastfeeding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "feme"
},
"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fame"
},
"expansion": "fame",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fame, femme, feme, from Latin femina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Various spellings such as feme, fame and fenme were used in Old French.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "femmes",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"id": "en-femme-frm-noun-nVKjyOTW",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman (female adult human being)"
],
"id": "en-femme-frm-noun-aQ7T1nVA",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "woman",
"word": "dame"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfa.mə/"
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Old French femme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
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},
"expansion": "fame",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "fēmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin fēmina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "who sucks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂ (“who sucks”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French femme, feme, fame, fenme, from Latin fēmina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂ (“who sucks”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "femmes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"id": "en-femme-nrm-noun-nVKjyOTW",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, France) wife"
],
"tags": [
"France",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"id": "en-femme-nrm-noun-zy5b~x7w",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, France) woman"
],
"tags": [
"France",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fâme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "faume"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Guernsey"
],
"word": "faumme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"continental-Normandy"
],
"word": "foume"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cotentin"
],
"word": "fenme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nrf:Fenme"
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "femme oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "femme",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme oblique singular, f (oblique plural femmes, nominative singular femme, nominative plural femmes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fame"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fame"
],
"id": "en-femme-fro-noun-bPjgcR3i",
"links": [
[
"fame",
"fame#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "la",
"3": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Latin femina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Latin femina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "femme",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Poitevin-Saintongeais entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a good woman",
"text": "en boune femme",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"id": "en-femme-roa-poi-noun-zy5b~x7w",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
]
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁(y)-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁(y)-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "woman",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "woman"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "feme",
"3": "femina",
"4": "hembra"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”). Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "femme (plural femmes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 18",
"text": "Then I turned to him and said, \"O my lord, I have that to propose to thee wherein thou must not cross me; and this it is that, when we reach Baghdad, my native city, I offer thee my life as thy handmaiden in holy matrimony, and thou shalt be to me baron and I will be femme to thee.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Variety's Film Reviews: 1964–1967",
"text": "Theodore J. Flicker and George Kirgo have penned a good script in which Elvis is played off against four femmes […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman, a wife; (now chiefly Canada, US) a young woman or girl."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"wife",
"wife"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "butch"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:LGBT"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1986 [1984], Armistead Maupin, Babycakes (Tales of the City), pages 64–65",
"text": "Some of the most political dykes in town had already converted, tossing out their Levi's and Birkenstocks in favor of poodle skirts and heels. It was no longer a question of butch vs. femme, liberations vs. oppression. Clothes did not unmake the woman; clothes were just clothes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Leslie Feinberg, Stone Butch Blues, Los Angeles: Alyson Books, published 2003, page 32",
"text": "Monique whispered something to a butch sitting near her. The butch crossed the room and approached our table. “Hey,” she called to me. I didn't look up. “Hey, femme, you wanna dance with a real butch?”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Bi Academic Intervention, Bisexual Imaginary: Representation, Identity, and Desire, A&C Black, page 207",
"text": "Given the myth that lesbian femmes will eventually leave their butches for men, there is an understandable unwillingness to acknowledge bisexual femmes, who really might do it — as indeed they have every right to.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Michelle Gibson, Deborah Meem, Femme/Butch, page 103",
"text": "I love butches, though. I dated a femme once. That was wrong on so many levels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lesbian or other queer woman whose appearance, identity etc. is seen as feminine as opposed to butch."
],
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
],
[
"lesbian",
"lesbian"
],
[
"queer",
"queer"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
],
[
"butch",
"butch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT) A lesbian or other queer woman whose appearance, identity etc. is seen as feminine as opposed to butch."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "fem"
}
],
"topics": [
"LGBT",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:LGBT"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: masc"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Queer Magic: Power Beyond Boundaries (Lee Harrington, Tai Fenix Kulystin), page 79",
"text": "The same is true of Goddess Spirituality spaces which are predicated on Radical Feminist rhetorics about Nature and the embodied experience – even those spaces which are open to trans women and nonbinary femmes may still fall back on language about the womb …"
},
{
"ref": "2019, The Lemonade Reader: Beyoncé, Black Feminism and Spirituality (Kinitra D. Brooks, Kameelah L. Martin)",
"text": "[…] there is no story of Black pain deeper than that of Black fat women and femmes. […]\n¹ Gender expansive for women, femmes, and nonbinary folks."
},
{
"ref": "2019, Black Girl Magic Beyond the Hashtag (Julia S. Jordan-Zachery, Duchess Harris), page 21",
"text": "Jordan-Zachery offers two dominant scripts that are often written onto Black women's, femmes', and girls' bodies: The Ass and Strong Black Woman scripts."
},
{
"ref": "2019, Kristen J. Sollee, Cat Call: Reclaiming the Feral Feminine, page xvii",
"text": "[...] and any person who might partake in feminine expression (cis and trans women and men, nonbinary femmes...).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person whose gender is feminine-leaning, such as a feminine non-binary person."
],
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT, less common) A person whose gender is feminine-leaning, such as a feminine non-binary person."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"LGBT",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-femme.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Butch and femme"
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁(y)-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛm/1 syllable",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁(y)-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "woman",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "woman"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "feme",
"3": "femina",
"4": "hembra"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French femme (“woman”). Doublet of feme, femina, and hembra.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more femme",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most femme",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "femme (comparative more femme, superlative most femme)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "baron and femme"
},
{
"word": "en femme"
},
{
"word": "femme couverte"
},
{
"word": "femme fan"
},
{
"word": "femme fatale firefly"
},
{
"word": "femme incomprise"
},
{
"word": "femme-Nazi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Mass media"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Jeff Apter, Fornication: The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story",
"text": "Admittedly, Kiedis was concerned about the lack of femme rockers on the bill: the only women featured were in British band Lush, who would open each day's festivities before a few hundred curious onlookers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 March 20, Summer Brennan, “Sex, power, oppression: why women wear high heels”, in The Guardian",
"text": "High heels are something like neckties for women, in that it can be harder to look both formal and femme without them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to a femme; feminine, female."
],
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"femme",
"femme"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine"
],
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Canada, US, journalism, entertainment) Pertaining to a femme; feminine, female."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"journalism",
"lifestyle",
"media"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Effeminate (of a man)."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"Effeminate",
"effeminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly derogatory) Effeminate (of a man)."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "butch"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her style was more femme than butch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Deneuve",
"text": "\"We want to base our relationships on who we are now, not who we once were\" says radical femme bisexual Linda Moore.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Beth A. Firestein, Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan, Columbia University Press, page 305",
"text": "In comparison to butch bisexual women, it may be easier for femme bisexual women to locate male and female dating partners […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characteristic of a feminine lesbian or queer woman."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɛm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-femme.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-femme.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:Butch and femme"
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with unexpected bright a",
"Rhymes:French/am",
"Rhymes:French/am/1 syllable",
"fr:Female family members",
"fr:LGBT"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bonne femme"
},
{
"word": "ce que femme veut, Dieu le veut"
},
{
"word": "femelle"
},
{
"word": "femme au foyer"
},
{
"word": "femme au volant, mort au tournant"
},
{
"word": "femme de chambre"
},
{
"word": "femme de charge"
},
{
"word": "femme de Dieu"
},
{
"word": "femme de lettres"
},
{
"word": "femme de ménage"
},
{
"word": "femme de petite vertu"
},
{
"word": "femme de réconfort"
},
{
"word": "femme du monde"
},
{
"word": "femme d’affaires"
},
{
"word": "femme d’État"
},
{
"word": "femme d’ouvrage"
},
{
"word": "femme fatale"
},
{
"word": "femme fontaine"
},
{
"word": "femme galante"
},
{
"word": "femme politique"
},
{
"word": "femme qui rit, à moitié dans son lit"
},
{
"word": "femme qui rit, à moitié dans ton lit"
},
{
"word": "femmelette"
},
{
"word": "homme à femmes"
},
{
"word": "jeune femme"
},
{
"word": "prendre femme"
},
{
"word": "souvent femme varie, bien fol est qui s’y fie"
},
{
"english": "verlan",
"word": "meuf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcf",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Antillean Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Antillean Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gcr",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Guianese Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Guianese Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: fanm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmv",
"2": "fam"
},
"expansion": "Karipúna Creole French: fam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karipúna Creole French: fam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "fenm",
"3": "famm"
},
"expansion": "Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crs",
"2": "fanm"
},
"expansion": "Seychellois Creole: fanm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Seychellois Creole: fanm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "femme",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French femme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French femme",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fame",
"4": "fam(m)e"
},
"expansion": "Old French fam(m)e",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "femme",
"3": "fem(m)e"
},
"expansion": "fem(m)e",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fēmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin fēmina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁m̥h₁néh₂",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂",
"t": "(the one) nursing, breastfeeding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couenne, solennel"
},
"expansion": "couenne, solennel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "-emment"
},
"expansion": "-emment",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,roa-gal",
"2": "fame"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Gallo fame",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "fanme"
},
"expansion": "Picard fanme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "fonne"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon fonne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "fèna"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal fèna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "femna"
},
"expansion": "Occitan femna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Corsican femina",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French femme, from Old French fam(m)e, fem(m)e, fenme, from Latin fēmina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). The Old French pronunciation was [fɛ̃mə], which then became [fãmə] through lowering of nasal vowels, finally [famə] in Middle French through denasalisation before /m/, /n/. Other words in which -e- is pronounced /a/ include couenne, solennel, and the adverbs in -emment.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Norman and Gallo fame; Picard fanme; Bourguignon fonne; Franco-Provençal fèna; Occitan femna; Corsican femina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "féminin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "homme"
}
],
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Your moral grandeur, image of infinity, is as vast as the philosopher's reflections, as woman's love, as the divine beauty of the bird, as the meditations of the poet. You are more beautiful than the night. Answer me, ocean, will you be my brother ?",
"ref": "1868, Comte de Lautréamont, Les Chants de Maldoror",
"text": "Ta grandeur morale, image de l’infini, est immense comme la réflexion du philosophe, comme l’amour de la femme, comme la beauté divine de l’oiseau, comme les méditations du poète. Tu es plus beau que la nuit. Réponds-moi, océan, veux-tu être mon frère ?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mari"
},
{
"word": "époux"
}
],
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It was on the night of the wedding at the church that Count Muffat appeared in his wife's bedroom, which he had not entered for two years past.",
"ref": "1880, Émile Zola, Nana",
"text": "Ce fut le soir du mariage à l’église que le comte Muffat se présenta dans la chambre de sa femme, où il n’était pas entré depuis deux ans.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "épouse"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)",
"word": "fem"
}
],
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of French quotations",
"fr:LGBT"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2001, Marie-Hélène Bourcier, Queer zones: politiques des identités sexuelles, des représentations et des savoirs",
"text": "\"[…] un couple qui fonctionne requiert des individus dichotomiques qu’il s’agisse d’un homme et d’une femme ou bien d’une butch et d’une femme\", Lilian Faderman, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers, A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fem (“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)"
],
"links": [
[
"LGBT",
"LGBT"
],
[
"fem",
"fem#French"
],
[
"butch",
"butch#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(LGBT, rare) Alternative form of fem (“femme, feminine lesbian”) (contrast butch)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"LGBT",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fam/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-femme.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Fr-femme.ogg/Fr-femme.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Fr-femme.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms inherited from Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "femme"
},
"expansion": "French: femme\nAntillean Creole: fanm\nGuianese Creole: fanm\nHaitian Creole: fanm\nKaripúna Creole French: fam\nLouisiana Creole: fenm, famm\nSeychellois Creole: fanm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: femme\nAntillean Creole: fanm\nGuianese Creole: fanm\nHaitian Creole: fanm\nKaripúna Creole French: fam\nLouisiana Creole: fenm, famm\nSeychellois Creole: fanm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fame"
},
"expansion": "Old French fame",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "femme"
},
"expansion": "femme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "feme"
},
"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "la",
"3": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Latin femina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁m̥h₁néh₂",
"4": "*dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂",
"t": "(the one) nursing, breastfeeding"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "feme"
},
"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fame"
},
"expansion": "fame",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fame, femme, feme, from Latin femina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Various spellings such as feme, fame and fenme were used in Old French.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "femmes",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"woman (female adult human being)"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfa.mə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "woman",
"word": "dame"
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"categories": [
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman feminine nouns",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Latin",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norman terms inherited from Latin",
"Norman terms inherited from Old French",
"Norman terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"nrf:Female",
"nrf:Human"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "femme"
},
"expansion": "Old French femme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "feme"
},
"expansion": "feme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fame"
},
"expansion": "fame",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fenme"
},
"expansion": "fenme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "la",
"3": "fēmina"
},
"expansion": "Latin fēmina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "who sucks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂ (“who sucks”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰeh₁(y)-",
"3": "",
"4": "to suck, suckle"
},
"expansion": "*dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French femme, feme, fame, fenme, from Latin fēmina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂ (“who sucks”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "femmes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme f (plural femmes)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French Norman",
"Jersey Norman"
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, France) wife"
],
"tags": [
"France",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French Norman",
"Jersey Norman"
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey, France) woman"
],
"tags": [
"France",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fâme"
},
{
"word": "faume"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guernsey"
],
"word": "faumme"
},
{
"tags": [
"continental-Normandy"
],
"word": "foume"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cotentin"
],
"word": "fenme"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nrf:Fenme"
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "femme oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "femme",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "femmes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "femme oblique singular, f (oblique plural femmes, nominative singular femme, nominative plural femmes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fame"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fame"
],
"links": [
[
"fame",
"fame#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "la",
"3": "femina"
},
"expansion": "Latin femina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Latin femina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "femme",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Poitevin-Saintongeais",
"lang_code": "roa-poi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Poitevin-Saintongeais entries with incorrect language header",
"Poitevin-Saintongeais lemmas",
"Poitevin-Saintongeais nouns",
"Poitevin-Saintongeais terms derived from Latin",
"Poitevin-Saintongeais terms inherited from Latin",
"Poitevin-Saintongeais terms with usage examples",
"roa-poi:Female",
"roa-poi:People"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a good woman",
"text": "en boune femme",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
]
}
],
"word": "femme"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'femme oblique singular or', originally 'femme oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"femme"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "femme",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'femme oblique singular or', originally 'femme oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"femme"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "femme",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'femme oblique singular or' in 'femme oblique singular, f (oblique plural femmes, nominative singular femme, nominative plural femmes)'",
"path": [
"femme"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "femme",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.