See must in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "all good things must come to an end"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Assad must go curse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cooler heads must prevail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cool heads must prevail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "every dog must have his day"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "every dog must have its day"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "I must go"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "I must love you and leave you"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "I must say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-buy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must get in front"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must have killed a Chinaman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-learn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-link"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-listening"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-move"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must needs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-read"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-try"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "musturbation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must watch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must-win"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "needs must"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "needs must when the devil drives"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "there must be something in the water"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "the show must go on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "want must be one's master"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "what goes up must come down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "you must be fun at parties"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "you must be new here"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "you must spoil before you spin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hasto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moten",
"id": "to have to",
"t": "to have to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moten (“to have to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">moten</i> (“to have to”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mōste",
"4": "",
"5": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Old English mōste (“had to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mōtaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "moest",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Dutch moest (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "musste",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "German musste (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "måste",
"3": "",
"4": "must, have to, be obliged to"
},
"expansion": "Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English moste (\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "must",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "motest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "mus'",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "-",
"3": "~",
"4": "-"
},
"expansion": "must (third-person singular simple present must, no present participle, simple past must, no past participle)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "modal",
"3": "_",
"4": "auxiliary",
"5": "defective"
},
"expansion": "(modal auxiliary, defective)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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{
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"the requirement is an imperative"
],
"text": "You must arrive in class on time.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
21
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"the requirement is a directive, necessary to operate the handle."
],
"text": "This door handle must be rotated fully.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
],
[
77,
81
]
],
"text": "Everybody told me I must stop worrying, but I couldn't, because I felt there must be something wrong.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
],
[
89,
93
]
],
"text": "You really must come and see us soon, pal. - We'll see: I can borrow my dad's car, but I must bring it back before midnight.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"text": "The physician said that I must / had to / would have to stop smoking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 9:6:",
"text": "Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence."
],
"id": "en-must-en-verb-en:modal_auxiliary__for_requirement__necessity__etc",
"links": [
[
"require",
"require"
],
[
"required",
"required#English"
],
[
"predicate",
"predicate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for requirement, necessity, etc"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moet"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "xag",
"lang": "Aghwan",
"lang_code": "xag",
"roman": "beġa",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐔱𐔴𐕘𐔰"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"alt": "present tense: يَجِب (yajib)",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "wajaba",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "وَجَبَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yataḥattam",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "يَتَحَتَّم"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yalzam",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "يَلْزَم"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lā budda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "لَا بُدَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "lāzim",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"adjective"
],
"word": "لازم"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lāzim",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "لَازِم"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "petkʻ ē",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "պետք է"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "teyeş",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "тейеш"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "músicʹ",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "му́сіць"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínjen",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "паві́нен"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínna",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "паві́нна"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínny",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "паві́нны"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trjábva",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "тря́бва"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "ra.",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ရ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "著"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "應該 /应该"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yīnggāi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "應該 /应该"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bìxū",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "必須 /必须"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "muset"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "devi"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "pidama"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "täytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovê"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "unda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "უნდა"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "müssen"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "müese"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "þaurban",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prépei",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "πρέπει"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "ẖayyáv",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חַיָּב"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "चाहिए"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "paṛnā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "पड़ना"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"note": "dative + verb + होना (honā))",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "hogā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "होगा"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "kell"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "muszáj"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "verða"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mustar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "harus"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "caithfidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "is éigean"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ní foláir"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...なければならない (...nakereba naranai) (conditional negative form + \"naranai\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...なくてはいけない (...nakutewa ikenai) (conditional negative form + \"ikenai\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...ないと駄目だ (...nai to dame da) (conditional negative form + \"dame da\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "...nakya",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...なきゃ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "...nakucha",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...なくちゃ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "trəv",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ត្រូវ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eoya hada",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-어야 하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eoya doeda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-어야 되다"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovei"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "tǭng",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ຕ້ອງ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "debeō"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "debere"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "la",
"english": "i must be",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "use a verb in the periphrastic conjugations",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "i must be",
"word": "futurus sum"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "la",
"english": "i must save",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "use a verb in the periphrastic conjugations",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "i must save",
"word": "servandus sum"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "obligor"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "privalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"lang_code": "khb",
"roman": "ṫhaa²",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ᦏᦱᧉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"lang_code": "khb",
"roman": "ṫoang²",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ᦎᦸᧂᧉ"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "móra",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "мо́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mesti"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "jostoj",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ёстой"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "avé a"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Mooring"
],
"word": "mötj"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
],
"word": "skel"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "måtte"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "motan"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bâyad",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "باید"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musieć"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "trebui"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuair"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stueir"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuvair"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžnó",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "должно́"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "tatau lava"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "maun"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "мо́рати"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mórati"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "morati"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dejaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "musaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dyrbjeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"regional"
],
"word": "musyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "tener que"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musu"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "lazima"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "måste"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dapat"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vēṇṭum",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "வேண்டும்"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dtɔ̂ng",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ต้อง"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "pau"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-meli"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-malı"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "lazım olmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "gerek olmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "músyty",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "му́сити"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"predicative"
],
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povýnen",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "пови́нен"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "چاہئے"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "paṛnā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "پڑنا"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"note": "dative + verb + ہونا (hōnā))",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "hogā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ہو گا"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "phải"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"note": "bod rhaid i + pronoun or noun",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "gorfod"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moatte"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "muzn",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "מוזן"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 11 17",
"code": "esu",
"english": "verbal postbase",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"lang_code": "esu",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "verbal postbase",
"word": "-naurte"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 16 17 13 11 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 33 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 9 9 17 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 30 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with North Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 10 16 12 12 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 17 14 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 35 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"text": "If it has rained all day, it must be very wet outside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
79
]
],
"text": "Where would you have put the keyring? You couldn’t have lost it again! - I must have, because it's nowhere to be found.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
43,
47
]
],
"text": "I said it must be pretty late and I really must go.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do with certainty; indicates that the speaker is certain that the subject will have executed the predicate."
],
"id": "en-must-en-verb-en:modal_auxiliary__for_probability_or_certainty_about_past_event",
"links": [
[
"certainty",
"certainty"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"predicate",
"predicate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for probability or certainty about past event"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 16 17 13 11 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 33 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 9 9 17 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 30 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with North Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 10 16 12 12 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 17 14 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 35 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"text": "The children must be asleep by now.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"text": "There's the doorbell. It must be Dad.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate that something is very likely, probable, or certain to be true."
],
"id": "en-must-en-verb-en:modal_auxiliary__for_probability_or_certainty_about_ongoing_event",
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for probability or certainty about ongoing event"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lābudda",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "لَابُدَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "sendube"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "certe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "evidente"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "täytyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "biztos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "bizonyára"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "minden bizonnyal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "alighanem"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "biztosan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "kétségkívül"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "kétségtelenül"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-get-",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "-겠-"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eul geosida",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "-을 것이다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "certē (literally means \"surely\"; use present indicative)",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bâyad",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "باید"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžnó bytʹ",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "должно́ быть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "navérnoje",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "наве́рное"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "deber de"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vēṇṭum",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "வேண்டும்"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 26 72",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"note": "bod rhaid bod + pronoun or noun",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "must"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hasto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moten",
"id": "to have to",
"t": "to have to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moten (“to have to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">moten</i> (“to have to”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mōste",
"4": "",
"5": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Old English mōste (“had to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mōtaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "moest",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Dutch moest (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "musste",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "German musste (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "måste",
"3": "",
"4": "must, have to, be obliged to"
},
"expansion": "Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English moste (\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mus'",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "must (plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "no-no"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 32 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 33 28 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 34 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 30 26 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with North Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 32 25 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 35 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
43
]
],
"text": "If you're trekking all day, a map is a must.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1932, Helen Vinson, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang:",
"text": "\"There are no musts in my life - I'm free, white, and twenty-one.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that is mandatory, required or recommended."
],
"id": "en-must-en-noun-z8~zRIE4",
"links": [
[
"mandatory",
"mandatory"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"recommended",
"recommended"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "imperative"
},
{
"word": "necessity"
}
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "moetje"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "välttämättömyys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obligation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anagkaiótita",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναγκαιότητα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ypochréosi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "υποχρέωση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "obbligo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krav"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "måste"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kaṭṭāyam",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "கட்டாயம்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "gereklilik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "zorunluluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "olmazsa olmaz"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "şart"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "koşul"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "şıra"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must weight"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustimeter"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Middle English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old French must",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mustum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mustum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "must (countable and uncountable, plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 18 25 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 22 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The property of being stale or musty."
],
"id": "en-must-en-noun-qpCScz77",
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"stale",
"stale"
],
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 18 25 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 22 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that exhibits the property of being stale or musty."
],
"id": "en-must-en-noun-5PQSDXVp",
"links": [
[
"exhibit",
"exhibit"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 16 17 13 11 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 17 14 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 28 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 25 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 28 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 28 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 28 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 22 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 52 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 40 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 38 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
83
]
],
"ref": "c. 1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ovid in Exile:",
"text": "No sweet grape lies hidden here in the shade of its vine-leaves,\nNo fermenting must fills and o'erflows the deep vats.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes."
],
"id": "en-must-en-noun-en:juice",
"links": [
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:juice"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "musht"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʕaṣīr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَصِير"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "hy",
"english": "slightly fermented, grapes",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "mačar",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"translation": "slightly fermented, grapes",
"word": "մաճար"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mustu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mostiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "muztio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šira",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шира"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "puristemehu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moût m or mout"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "moústos",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μούστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gleûkos",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλεῦκος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "tirósh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תִּירוֹשׁ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "must"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mustum"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "šira",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шира"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"lang_code": "tpw",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "kaûĩe'ẽ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"lang_code": "tpw",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "kaûĩpyasu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "purâb",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "پوراب"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "moštafšār",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "مشتفشار"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bāde",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "باده"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moszcz"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "must"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "must",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муст"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мошт"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mušt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "şıra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwin newydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 99",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mwst"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
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},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Middle English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old French must",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mustum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mustum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "musting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "musted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "musted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "must (third-person singular simple present musts, present participle musting, simple past and past participle musted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 16 17 13 11 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 9 9 17 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 10 16 12 12 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 17 14 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 25 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 22 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make musty."
],
"id": "en-must-en-verb-1fQClpP6",
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make musty."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 11 16 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 16 17 13 11 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 9 9 17 13 11 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 10 16 12 12 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 10 17 14 13 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 25 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 22 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become musty."
],
"id": "en-must-en-verb-1dNADzL~",
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become musty."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"intransitive",
"modal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mating"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See musth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "must (countable and uncountable, plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "musth"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"ref": "1871, Charles Darwin, “Secondary Sexual Characters of Mammals”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part II (Sexual Selection), page 240:",
"text": "No animal in the world is so dangerous as an elephant in must.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
280,
284
],
[
362,
366
]
],
"ref": "1936, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], “Shooting an Elephant”, in Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays, London: Secker and Warburg, published 1950, →OCLC, pages 2–3:",
"text": "Early one morning the sub-inspector at a police station the other end of the town rang me up on the 'phone and said that an elephant was ravaging the bazaar. Would I please come and do something about it? […] It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone \"must\". It had been chained up, as tame elephants always are when their attack of \"must\" is due, but on the previous night it had broken its chain and escaped.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of musth."
],
"id": "en-must-en-noun-aU9HLvXa",
"links": [
[
"musth",
"musth#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English second-person singular past tense forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Aghwan translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Lü translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yup'ik translations",
"en:Elephants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "all good things must come to an end"
},
{
"word": "Assad must go curse"
},
{
"word": "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion"
},
{
"word": "cooler heads must prevail"
},
{
"word": "cool heads must prevail"
},
{
"word": "every dog must have his day"
},
{
"word": "every dog must have its day"
},
{
"word": "I must go"
},
{
"word": "I must love you and leave you"
},
{
"word": "I must say"
},
{
"word": "must-buy"
},
{
"word": "must get in front"
},
{
"word": "must have killed a Chinaman"
},
{
"word": "must-learn"
},
{
"word": "must-link"
},
{
"word": "must-listening"
},
{
"word": "must-move"
},
{
"word": "must needs"
},
{
"word": "must-read"
},
{
"word": "must-try"
},
{
"word": "musturbation"
},
{
"word": "must watch"
},
{
"word": "must-win"
},
{
"word": "needs must"
},
{
"word": "needs must when the devil drives"
},
{
"word": "there must be something in the water"
},
{
"word": "the show must go on"
},
{
"word": "the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must"
},
{
"word": "want must be one's master"
},
{
"word": "what goes up must come down"
},
{
"word": "you must be fun at parties"
},
{
"word": "you must be new here"
},
{
"word": "you must spoil before you spin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hasto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moten",
"id": "to have to",
"t": "to have to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moten (“to have to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">moten</i> (“to have to”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mōste",
"4": "",
"5": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Old English mōste (“had to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mōtaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "moest",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Dutch moest (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "musste",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "German musste (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "måste",
"3": "",
"4": "must, have to, be obliged to"
},
"expansion": "Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English moste (\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "must",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "motest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "mus'",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "-",
"3": "~",
"4": "-"
},
"expansion": "must (third-person singular simple present must, no present participle, simple past must, no past participle)",
"name": "en-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "modal",
"3": "_",
"4": "auxiliary",
"5": "defective"
},
"expansion": "(modal auxiliary, defective)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"the requirement is an imperative"
],
"text": "You must arrive in class on time.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
21
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"the requirement is a directive, necessary to operate the handle."
],
"text": "This door handle must be rotated fully.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
],
[
77,
81
]
],
"text": "Everybody told me I must stop worrying, but I couldn't, because I felt there must be something wrong.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
],
[
89,
93
]
],
"text": "You really must come and see us soon, pal. - We'll see: I can borrow my dad's car, but I must bring it back before midnight.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"text": "The physician said that I must / had to / would have to stop smoking.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
69
]
],
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 9:6:",
"text": "Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence."
],
"links": [
[
"require",
"require"
],
[
"required",
"required#English"
],
[
"predicate",
"predicate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for requirement, necessity, etc"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"text": "If it has rained all day, it must be very wet outside.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
79
]
],
"text": "Where would you have put the keyring? You couldn’t have lost it again! - I must have, because it's nowhere to be found.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
43,
47
]
],
"text": "I said it must be pretty late and I really must go.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do with certainty; indicates that the speaker is certain that the subject will have executed the predicate."
],
"links": [
[
"certainty",
"certainty"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"predicate",
"predicate#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for probability or certainty about past event"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"text": "The children must be asleep by now.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"text": "There's the doorbell. It must be Dad.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate that something is very likely, probable, or certain to be true."
],
"senseid": [
"en:modal auxiliary, for probability or certainty about ongoing event"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"no-past-participle",
"no-present-participle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moet"
},
{
"code": "xag",
"lang": "Aghwan",
"lang_code": "xag",
"roman": "beġa",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐔱𐔴𐕘𐔰"
},
{
"alt": "present tense: يَجِب (yajib)",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "wajaba",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "وَجَبَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yataḥattam",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "يَتَحَتَّم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "yalzam",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "يَلْزَم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lā budda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "لَا بُدَّ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "arz",
"roman": "lāzim",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"adjective"
],
"word": "لازم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lāzim",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "لَازِم"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "petkʻ ē",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "պետք է"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"lang_code": "ba",
"roman": "teyeş",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "тейеш"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "músicʹ",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "му́сіць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínjen",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "паві́нен"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínna",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "паві́нна"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pavínny",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "паві́нны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "trjábva",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "тря́бва"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"roman": "ra.",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ရ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "著"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "nan-hbl",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "應該 /应该"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yīnggāi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "應該 /应该"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "bìxū",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "必須 /必须"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "muset"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovar"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "skulle"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moeten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "devi"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "pidama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "täytyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovê"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "unda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "უნდა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "müssen"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "müese"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "þaurban",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prépei",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "πρέπει"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dwe"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "ẖayyáv",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חַיָּב"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "चाहिए"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "paṛnā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "पड़ना"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"note": "dative + verb + होना (honā))",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "hogā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "होगा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "kell"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "muszáj"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "verða"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mustar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "harus"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "caithfidh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "is éigean"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ní foláir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...なければならない (...nakereba naranai) (conditional negative form + \"naranai\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...なくてはいけない (...nakutewa ikenai) (conditional negative form + \"ikenai\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"note": "...ないと駄目だ (...nai to dame da) (conditional negative form + \"dame da\")",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "...nakya",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...なきゃ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "...nakucha",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "...なくちゃ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"lang_code": "km",
"roman": "trəv",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ត្រូវ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eoya hada",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-어야 하다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eoya doeda",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-어야 되다"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dovei"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"lang_code": "lo",
"roman": "tǭng",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ຕ້ອງ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "debeō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "debere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"english": "i must be",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "use a verb in the periphrastic conjugations",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "i must be",
"word": "futurus sum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"english": "i must save",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "use a verb in the periphrastic conjugations",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "i must save",
"word": "servandus sum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "obligor"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "privalo"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"lang_code": "khb",
"roman": "ṫhaa²",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ᦏᦱᧉ"
},
{
"code": "khb",
"lang": "Lü",
"lang_code": "khb",
"roman": "ṫoang²",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ᦎᦸᧂᧉ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "móra",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "мо́ра"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mesti"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"roman": "jostoj",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ёстой"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "avé a"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Mooring"
],
"word": "mötj"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum"
],
"word": "skel"
},
{
"code": "frr",
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mut"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "måtte"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"code": "osx",
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "motan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bâyad",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "باید"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "trebui"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuair"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuer"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stueir"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "stuvair"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžnó",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "должно́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "tatau lava"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "maun"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "мо́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "mórati"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musieť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "morati"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dejaś"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "musaś"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dyrbjeć"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"regional"
],
"word": "musyć"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "tener que"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "musu"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "lazima"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "måste"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "dapat"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vēṇṭum",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "வேண்டும்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "dtɔ̂ng",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ต้อง"
},
{
"code": "tpi",
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "mas"
},
{
"code": "to",
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "pau"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-meli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "-malı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "lazım olmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "gerek olmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "músyty",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "му́сити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"sense": "be required to",
"tags": [
"predicative"
],
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "povýnen",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "пови́нен"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "cāhie",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "چاہئے"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "paṛnā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "پڑنا"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"note": "dative + verb + ہونا (hōnā))",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "hogā",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "ہو گا"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "phải"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"note": "bod rhaid i + pronoun or noun",
"sense": "be required to"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "gorfod"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "moatte"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "muzn",
"sense": "be required to",
"word": "מוזן"
},
{
"code": "esu",
"english": "verbal postbase",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"lang_code": "esu",
"sense": "be required to",
"translation": "verbal postbase",
"word": "-naurte"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "lābudda",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "لَابُدَّ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "sendube"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "certe"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "evidente"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "täytyä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "biztos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "bizonyára"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "minden bizonnyal"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "alighanem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "biztosan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "kétségkívül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "kétségtelenül"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-get-",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "-겠-"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "-eul geosida",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "-을 것이다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"note": "certē (literally means \"surely\"; use present indicative)",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bâyad",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "باید"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dolžnó bytʹ",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "должно́ быть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "navérnoje",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "наве́рное"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "deber de"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "vēṇṭum",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true",
"word": "வேண்டும்"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"note": "bod rhaid bod + pronoun or noun",
"sense": "said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"English auxiliary verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English second-person singular past tense forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *med-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Aghwan translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dalmatian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Lü translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with North Frisian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old Saxon translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Samoan translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sranan Tongo translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tok Pisin translations",
"Terms with Tongan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Yup'ik translations",
"en:Elephants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "must"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*med-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hasto"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moste"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moste",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "moten",
"id": "to have to",
"t": "to have to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English moten (“to have to”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">moten</i> (“to have to”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”))",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "mōste",
"4": "",
"5": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Old English mōste (“had to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mōtaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mōtaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "moest",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "Dutch moest (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "musste",
"3": "",
"4": "had to"
},
"expansion": "German musste (“had to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "måste",
"3": "",
"4": "must, have to, be obliged to"
},
"expansion": "Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English moste (\"must\", literally, \"had to\", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mus'",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "must (plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "no-no"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
43
]
],
"text": "If you're trekking all day, a map is a must.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1932, Helen Vinson, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang:",
"text": "\"There are no musts in my life - I'm free, white, and twenty-one.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that is mandatory, required or recommended."
],
"links": [
[
"mandatory",
"mandatory"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"recommended",
"recommended"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "imperative"
},
{
"word": "necessity"
}
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "moetje"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "välttämättömyys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obligation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "anagkaiótita",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναγκαιότητα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ypochréosi",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "υποχρέωση"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "obbligo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krav"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "måste"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kaṭṭāyam",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "கட்டாயம்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "gereklilik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "zorunluluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "olmazsa olmaz"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "şart"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "koşul"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "something mandatory",
"word": "şıra"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English second-person singular past tense forms",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Elephants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "must weight"
},
{
"word": "mustimeter"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Middle English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old French must",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mustum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mustum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "must (countable and uncountable, plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The property of being stale or musty."
],
"links": [
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"stale",
"stale"
],
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something that exhibits the property of being stale or musty."
],
"links": [
[
"exhibit",
"exhibit"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
83
]
],
"ref": "c. 1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ovid in Exile:",
"text": "No sweet grape lies hidden here in the shade of its vine-leaves,\nNo fermenting must fills and o'erflows the deep vats.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes."
],
"links": [
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:juice"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mos"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "musht"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʕaṣīr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَصِير"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"english": "slightly fermented, grapes",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "mačar",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"translation": "slightly fermented, grapes",
"word": "մաճար"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mustu"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mostiu"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "muztio"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "šira",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шира"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "puristemehu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moût m or mout"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Most"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "moústos",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μούστος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "gleûkos",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "γλεῦκος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "tirósh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תִּירוֹשׁ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mustum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "šira",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шира"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "most"
},
{
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"lang_code": "tpw",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "kaûĩe'ẽ"
},
{
"code": "tpw",
"lang": "Old Tupi",
"lang_code": "tpw",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "kaûĩpyasu"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "purâb",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "پوراب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "moštafšār",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "مشتفشار"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bāde",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "باده"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moszcz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "must",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мошт"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mušt"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mošt"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"word": "şıra"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mosto"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gwin newydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mwst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English second-person singular past tense forms",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old Tupi translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Elephants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferment"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Middle English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old English must",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "must"
},
"expansion": "Old French must",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mustum"
},
"expansion": "Latin mustum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "musting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "musted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "musted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "must (third-person singular simple present musts, present participle musting, simple past and past participle musted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make musty."
],
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make musty."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"modal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become musty."
],
"links": [
[
"musty",
"musty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become musty."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"defective",
"intransitive",
"modal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English defective verbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English modal verbs",
"English nouns",
"English second-person singular forms",
"English second-person singular past tense forms",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst",
"Rhymes:English/ʌst/1 syllable",
"en:Elephants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mating"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See musth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "must (countable and uncountable, plural musts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "musth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"ref": "1871, Charles Darwin, “Secondary Sexual Characters of Mammals”, in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, Part II (Sexual Selection), page 240:",
"text": "No animal in the world is so dangerous as an elephant in must.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
280,
284
],
[
362,
366
]
],
"ref": "1936, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], “Shooting an Elephant”, in Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays, London: Secker and Warburg, published 1950, →OCLC, pages 2–3:",
"text": "Early one morning the sub-inspector at a police station the other end of the town rang me up on the 'phone and said that an elephant was ravaging the bazaar. Would I please come and do something about it? […] It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone \"must\". It had been chained up, as tame elephants always are when their attack of \"must\" is due, but on the previous night it had broken its chain and escaped.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of musth."
],
"links": [
[
"musth",
"musth#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"auxiliary",
"countable",
"defective",
"modal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məst/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/məs/",
"note": "weak form"
},
{
"ipa": "/mʌst/",
"note": "strong form"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-must.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg/En-us-must.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/En-us-must.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-must.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/48/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-must.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "mussed"
},
{
"homophone": "musth"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌst"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
Download raw JSONL data for must meaning in English (63.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": tio̍h vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"must"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": èng-kai / eng-kai vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"must"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in French: 'moût m or mout', originally 'moût m or mout m'",
"path": [
"must"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"lang_code\": \"hi\", \"note\": \"dative + verb + होना (honā))\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"note\": \"...なければならない (...nakereba naranai) (conditional negative form + \\\"naranai\\\")\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"note\": \"...なくてはいけない (...nakutewa ikenai) (conditional negative form + \\\"ikenai\\\")\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"note\": \"...ないと駄目だ (...nai to dame da) (conditional negative form + \\\"dame da\\\")\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"lang_code\": \"ur\", \"note\": \"dative + verb + ہونا (hōnā))\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"lang_code\": \"cy\", \"note\": \"bod rhaid i + pronoun or noun\", \"sense\": \"be required to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"note\": \"certē (literally means \\\"surely\\\"; use present indicative)\", \"sense\": \"said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "must/English/verb: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"lang_code\": \"cy\", \"note\": \"bod rhaid bod + pronoun or noun\", \"sense\": \"said about something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "must",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.