See imperative in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for imperative meaning in English (23.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "imperative language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "imperative programming"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "imperātīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin imperātīvus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more imperative",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most imperative",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "imperative (comparative more imperative, superlative most imperative)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That you come here right now is imperative.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1941 May, “Jubilee of the City Tube”, in Railway Magazine, page 224",
"text": "Meantime, alterations at King William Street had become imperative, and by December 22, 1895, the station had been remodelled, as at Stockwell, to provide an island platform with lines each side, and a scissors crossing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Con Man Games, SmashGames, quoting Felix, Kindergarten 2, SmashGames",
"text": "Give this document to Ozzy. It's imperative that he reads and understands it. Got it?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Essential; crucial; extremely important."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-adj-1E6JS4oM",
"links": [
[
"Essential",
"essential"
],
[
"crucial",
"crucial"
],
[
"important",
"important"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasāsiyy",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "أَسَاسِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍarūriyy",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "ضَرُورِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "joruri",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "জরুরি"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ottonto guruttopurno",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperatiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pòqiè de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "迫切的"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "必須的"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìxū de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "必须的"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "至關重要的"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìguānzhòngyào de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "至关重要的"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "nutný"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "noodzakelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "välttämätön"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "pakollinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essentiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "indispensable"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essenziell"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essentiell"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "notwendig"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "unverzichtbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "wesentlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitaktikós",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "επιτακτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "okvetlenül/rendkívül/különösen/égetően fontos"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "mikilvægur"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "necessario"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessaria"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ginyohan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "긴요한"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bandeu piryohan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "반드 필요한"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "necessus"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "necessum"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "drinjent"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "arcyważny"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objazátelʹnyj",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "обяза́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "àithneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "mecburi"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 2 5 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "zorunlu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 11 7 27 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 10 4 31 28 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 18 11 17 20 24 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, or relating to the imperative mood."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-adj-xJ4fRmrQ",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"imperative mood",
"imperative mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Of, or relating to the imperative mood."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "əmr şəkli"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zahádny",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "зага́дны"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povelítelen",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "повели́телен"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperatiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qíshǐ de",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "祈使的"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperatiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "felszólító"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "parancsoló"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zapoveden",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "заповеден"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazujący"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povelítelʹnyj",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "повели́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "pautos"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 75 11 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazóvyj",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "наказо́вий"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "functional"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Theory of computing",
"orig": "en:Theory of computing",
"parents": [
"Computer science",
"Computing",
"Sciences",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 11 7 27 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 18 11 17 20 24 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having semantics that incorporates mutable variables."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-adj-GkSFdeyj",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"semantics",
"semantics"
],
[
"mutable",
"mutable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing theory) Having semantics that incorporates mutable variables."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"computing-theory",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 10 80 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "computing: having semantics that incorporates mutable variables",
"word": "imperatiivinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 10 80 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "imperatívnyj",
"sense": "computing: having semantics that incorporates mutable variables",
"word": "императи́вный"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 18 11 17 20 24 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "imperative orders",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expressing a command; authoritatively or absolutely directive."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-adj-WAa5lF6x",
"links": [
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zapovedničeski",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "заповеднически"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezapelacionen",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "безапелационен"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mìnglìngshì de",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "命令式的"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "pakottava"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "zwingend"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "ellentmondást nem tűrő"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 11 9 74",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "tiarnúil"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-imperative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-imperative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "imp."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "imper."
}
],
"word": "imperative"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "biological imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "categorical imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compound imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "first imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hypothetical imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "moral imperative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "second imperative"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "imperātīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin imperātīvus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "imperative (countable and uncountable, plural imperatives)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "jussive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "volitive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 20 11 7 27 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 10 4 31 28 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "7 18 11 17 20 24 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The verbs in sentences like \"Do it!\" and \"Say what you like!\" are in the imperative.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-noun-JwWkG16H",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"grammatical mood",
"grammatical mood"
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[
"jussive",
"jussive"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, grammar) The grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "imperative mood"
}
],
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"uncountable"
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"linguistics",
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{
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"A verb in imperative mood."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-noun-sLBxTjRe",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
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[
"verb",
"verb"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, grammar) A verb in imperative mood."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"word": "imperatiivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rozkaźnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperatiwus"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativus"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Visiting Berlin is an imperative.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 1, Rupert Christiansen, “English translations rarely sing”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R19",
"text": "Anything grandiose or historically based tends to sound flat and banal when it reaches English, partly because translators get stuck between contradictory imperatives: juggling fidelity to the original sense with what is vocally viable, they tend to resort to a genteel fustian which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism, adding to a sense of artificiality rather than enhancing credibility.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 December 2, Industry Insider, “The costs of cutting carbon”, in Rail, page 76",
"text": "The new imperative for investment is the Government's objective to secure carbon-neutral transport emissions by 2040.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An essential action, a must: something which is imperative."
],
"id": "en-imperative-en-noun-ihEWBrVY",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An essential action, a must: something which is imperative."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "pakollinen juttu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "elengedhetetlen dolog/követelmény"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nauðsyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "necessario"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opus"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "tūhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessidade"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "mecburiyet"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 90",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "zorunluluk"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/",
"tags": [
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]
},
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
"synonyms": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "imp."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "imper."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "required"
}
],
"word": "imperative"
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{
"categories": [
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"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "imperative language"
},
{
"word": "imperative programming"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "imperātīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin imperātīvus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more imperative",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most imperative",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That you come here right now is imperative.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1941 May, “Jubilee of the City Tube”, in Railway Magazine, page 224",
"text": "Meantime, alterations at King William Street had become imperative, and by December 22, 1895, the station had been remodelled, as at Stockwell, to provide an island platform with lines each side, and a scissors crossing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Con Man Games, SmashGames, quoting Felix, Kindergarten 2, SmashGames",
"text": "Give this document to Ozzy. It's imperative that he reads and understands it. Got it?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Essential; crucial; extremely important."
],
"links": [
[
"Essential",
"essential"
],
[
"crucial",
"crucial"
],
[
"important",
"important"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Of, or relating to the imperative mood."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"imperative mood",
"imperative mood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Of, or relating to the imperative mood."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "functional"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Theory of computing"
],
"glosses": [
"Having semantics that incorporates mutable variables."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"semantics",
"semantics"
],
[
"mutable",
"mutable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing theory) Having semantics that incorporates mutable variables."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"computing-theory",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "imperative orders",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Expressing a command; authoritatively or absolutely directive."
],
"links": [
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/",
"tags": [
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},
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "imp."
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "imper."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔasāsiyy",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "أَسَاسِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍarūriyy",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "ضَرُورِيّ"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "joruri",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "জরুরি"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "ottonto guruttopurno",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperatiu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pòqiè de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "迫切的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "必須的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìxū de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "必须的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "至關重要的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìguānzhòngyào de",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "至关重要的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "nutný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "noodzakelijk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "välttämätön"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "pakollinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essentiel"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "indispensable"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essenziell"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essentiell"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "notwendig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "unverzichtbar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "wesentlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitaktikós",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "επιτακτικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "okvetlenül/rendkívül/különösen/égetően fontos"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "mikilvægur"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "necessario"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessaria"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ginyohan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "긴요한"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bandeu piryohan",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "반드 필요한"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "necessus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "necessum"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "drinjent"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "arcyważny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "essencial"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objazátelʹnyj",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "обяза́тельный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "àithneach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "mecburi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential",
"word": "zorunlu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "əmr şəkli"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zahádny",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "зага́дны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povelítelen",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "повели́телен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperatiu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qíshǐ de",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "祈使的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperatiivinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "felszólító"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "parancsoló"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zapoveden",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "заповеден"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazujący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "povelítelʹnyj",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "повели́тельный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "rozkazovací"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "imperativ"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "pautos"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nakazóvyj",
"sense": "grammar: of, or relating to the imperative mood",
"word": "наказо́вий"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "computing: having semantics that incorporates mutable variables",
"word": "imperatiivinen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "imperatívnyj",
"sense": "computing: having semantics that incorporates mutable variables",
"word": "императи́вный"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zapovedničeski",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "заповеднически"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezapelacionen",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "безапелационен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mìnglìngshì de",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "命令式的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "pakottava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "zwingend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "ellentmondást nem tűrő"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "authoritatively or absolutely directive",
"word": "tiarnúil"
}
],
"word": "imperative"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biological imperative"
},
{
"word": "categorical imperative"
},
{
"word": "compound imperative"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "first imperative"
},
{
"word": "hypothetical imperative"
},
{
"word": "moral imperative"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "second imperative"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "imperātīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin imperātīvus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin imperātīvus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperatives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "imperative (countable and uncountable, plural imperatives)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "jussive"
},
{
"word": "volitive"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The verbs in sentences like \"Do it!\" and \"Say what you like!\" are in the imperative.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"grammatical mood",
"grammatical mood"
],
[
"jussive",
"jussive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, grammar) The grammatical mood expressing an order (see jussive). In English, the imperative form of a verb is the same as that of the bare infinitive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "imperative mood"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"A verb in imperative mood."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, grammar) A verb in imperative mood."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Visiting Berlin is an imperative.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 1, Rupert Christiansen, “English translations rarely sing”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), page R19",
"text": "Anything grandiose or historically based tends to sound flat and banal when it reaches English, partly because translators get stuck between contradictory imperatives: juggling fidelity to the original sense with what is vocally viable, they tend to resort to a genteel fustian which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism, adding to a sense of artificiality rather than enhancing credibility.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 December 2, Industry Insider, “The costs of cutting carbon”, in Rail, page 76",
"text": "The new imperative for investment is the Government's objective to secure carbon-neutral transport emissions by 2040.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An essential action, a must: something which is imperative."
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An essential action, a must: something which is imperative."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-imperative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-imperative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-imperative.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-imperative.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "required"
},
{
"word": "imp."
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "imper."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"word": "imperatiivi"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rozkaźnik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperatiwus"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativus"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "verb in imperative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "must"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "pakollinen juttu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impératif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Muss"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "elengedhetetlen dolog/követelmény"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nauðsyn"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "necessario"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessitās"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "opus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "tūhau"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "necessidade"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "essential action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "imperativo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "mecburiyet"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "essential action",
"word": "zorunluluk"
}
],
"word": "imperative"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.