See crude in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “being in a natural state”",
"word": "refined"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “being in a natural state”",
"word": "processed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "advanced"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "developed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "sophisticated"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude birth rate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude death rate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudeform"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude material"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudeness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude oil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crude sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ultra large crude carrier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uncrude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "very large crude carrier"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crude"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crude",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdus",
"t": "raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-",
"t": "raw meat, fresh blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēaw",
"t": "raw, uncooked"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "crudest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "crude (comparative cruder, superlative crudest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rough-hewn"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crudity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cruelty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "basic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "common"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "raw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "simple"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "immature"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "inelegant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "inferior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unfinished"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unpolished"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "bare-bones"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "44 8 26 4 1 7 2 7 1",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "crude oil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a natural, untreated state."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-Cj5M0lWn",
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"untreated",
"untreated"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raw"
},
{
"word": "unrefined"
},
{
"word": "unprocessed"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neobrabóten",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необрабо́тен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "surový syrový"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "onbewerkt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ongeraffineerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akatérgastos",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ακατέργαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepexérgastos",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ανεπεξέργαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "golmy",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גולמי"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "golmyt",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גולמית"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "finomítatlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "súrov",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "су́ров"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "neobráboten",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необра́ботен"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ham",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâm",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "nieoczyszczony"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobrabótannyj",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необрабо́танный"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "syrój",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "сыро́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "rå-"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "muḍi",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ముడి"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 1 0 1 0 5 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "thô"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "brut"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepexérgastos",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ανεπεξέργαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "raffazzonato"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâm",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobrabótannyj",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "необрабо́танный"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "syrój",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "сыро́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "en bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "obearbetad"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 8 7 10 3 21 5",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "muḍi",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ముడి"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude shelter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a crude estimate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a crude guess",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by simplicity, especially something not carefully or expertly made."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-R0P~WXBa",
"links": [
[
"simplicity",
"simplicity"
],
[
"carefully",
"carefully"
],
[
"expertly",
"expertly"
],
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "primitive"
},
{
"word": "rough"
},
{
"word": "rude"
},
{
"word": "rudimentary"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prost",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "прост"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "onafgewerkt"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rudimentair"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "primitief"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rohmakas"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "tahumatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "yksinkertainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "einfach gestrickt"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "schlicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "grob gezimmert"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "adrós",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "αδρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "kezdetleges"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rustico"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "raffazzonato"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "crudus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prost",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "прост"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "prymitywny"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rústico"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "primitívnyj",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "примити́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostój",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "просто́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próstenʹkij",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "про́стенький"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rudimentario"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "enkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 70 9 4 1 4 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mutaka",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "ముతక"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude truth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking concealing elements."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-3JCqTY6u",
"links": [
[
"concealing",
"concealing"
],
[
"elements",
"elements"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obvious"
},
{
"word": "plain"
},
{
"word": "unadorned"
},
{
"word": "undisguised"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "zřejmý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "evidentní"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "jasný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "naakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "nackt"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "pur"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chondroeidís",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "χονδροειδής"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ovvio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jáven",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ја́вен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nepríkrien",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "непри́криен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "bollboarich"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jávnyj",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "я́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprikrýtyj",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "неприкры́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ohöljd"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 74 19 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "oförblommerad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude remark",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You shouldn't use such crude language when talking to the bank manager.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking tact or taste."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-0k6wQpkU",
"links": [
[
"tact",
"tact"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"word": "earthy"
},
{
"word": "gross"
},
{
"word": "stark"
},
{
"word": "uncultivated"
},
{
"word": "vulgar"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "groller"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "neomalený"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "skammelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"topics": [
"scholarly",
"sciences"
],
"word": "krude"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "krass"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "áxestos",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "άξεστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṛakchāp",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "सड़कछाप"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "faragatlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "semplice"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "nieokrzesany"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "plump"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "oborstad"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 15 77 1 2 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nāṭu",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "నాటు"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Immature or unripe."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-4XRqdJuL",
"links": [
[
"Immature",
"immature"
],
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Immature or unripe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "immature"
},
{
"word": "unripe"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 77–78:",
"text": "Her mete was very crude,\nShe had not wel endude; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Uncooked, raw."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-37tr3St6",
"links": [
[
"Uncooked",
"uncooked"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Uncooked, raw."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-adj-2DfrLsUQ",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kro͞od"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹʉd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crude.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg/En-us-crude.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːd"
},
{
"homophone": "crewed (except Scotland)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "raw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "crude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "primitive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rudimental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rudimentary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "undeveloped"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unrefined"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crude"
],
"word": "crude"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "biocrude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Brent crude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sour crude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sweet crude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "syncrude"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "crude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: crude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: crude"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crude"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crude",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdus",
"t": "raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-",
"t": "raw meat, fresh blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēaw",
"t": "raw, uncooked"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crudes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crude (countable and uncountable, plural crudes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any substance in its natural state."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-noun-mwBTgUXw",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rohstoff"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akatérgastos",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ακατέργαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "argós",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αργός"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "råämne"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:",
"text": "The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Crude oil."
],
"id": "en-crude-en-noun-en:crude_oil",
"links": [
[
"Crude oil",
"crude oil"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:crude oil"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kro͞od"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹʉd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crude.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg/En-us-crude.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːd"
},
{
"homophone": "crewed (except Scotland)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crude"
],
"word": "crude"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “being in a natural state”",
"word": "refined"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “being in a natural state”",
"word": "processed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "advanced"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "developed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "sophisticated"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krewh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːd",
"Rhymes:English/uːd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crude birth rate"
},
{
"word": "crude death rate"
},
{
"word": "crude form"
},
{
"word": "crudeform"
},
{
"word": "crudely"
},
{
"word": "crude material"
},
{
"word": "cruden"
},
{
"word": "crudeness"
},
{
"word": "crude oil"
},
{
"word": "crude sap"
},
{
"word": "crudesome"
},
{
"word": "crudy"
},
{
"word": "ultra large crude carrier"
},
{
"word": "uncrude"
},
{
"word": "very large crude carrier"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crude"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crude",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdus",
"t": "raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-",
"t": "raw meat, fresh blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēaw",
"t": "raw, uncooked"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "crudest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "crude (comparative cruder, superlative crudest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rough-hewn"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "crudity"
},
{
"word": "cruel"
},
{
"word": "cruelty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "basic"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "common"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "raw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "simple"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "immature"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "inelegant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "inferior"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unfinished"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unpolished"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "bare-bones"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "crude oil",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In a natural, untreated state."
],
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"untreated",
"untreated"
],
[
"state",
"state"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raw"
},
{
"word": "unrefined"
},
{
"word": "unprocessed"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude shelter",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a crude estimate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a crude guess",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by simplicity, especially something not carefully or expertly made."
],
"links": [
[
"simplicity",
"simplicity"
],
[
"carefully",
"carefully"
],
[
"expertly",
"expertly"
],
[
"made",
"made"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "primitive"
},
{
"word": "rough"
},
{
"word": "rude"
},
{
"word": "rudimentary"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude truth",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking concealing elements."
],
"links": [
[
"concealing",
"concealing"
],
[
"elements",
"elements"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obvious"
},
{
"word": "plain"
},
{
"word": "unadorned"
},
{
"word": "undisguised"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crude remark",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "You shouldn't use such crude language when talking to the bank manager.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lacking tact or taste."
],
"links": [
[
"tact",
"tact"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "blunt"
},
{
"word": "coarse"
},
{
"word": "earthy"
},
{
"word": "gross"
},
{
"word": "stark"
},
{
"word": "uncultivated"
},
{
"word": "vulgar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Immature or unripe."
],
"links": [
[
"Immature",
"immature"
],
[
"unripe",
"unripe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Immature or unripe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "immature"
},
{
"word": "unripe"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 77–78:",
"text": "Her mete was very crude,\nShe had not wel endude; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Uncooked, raw."
],
"links": [
[
"Uncooked",
"uncooked"
],
[
"raw",
"raw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Uncooked, raw."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kro͞od"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹʉd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crude.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg/En-us-crude.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːd"
},
{
"homophone": "crewed (except Scotland)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"statistics",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"word": "raw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "crude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "primitive"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rudimental"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "rudimentary"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "undeveloped"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:crude",
"word": "unrefined"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neobrabóten",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необрабо́тен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "surový syrový"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "onbewerkt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ongeraffineerd"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akatérgastos",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ακατέργαστος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepexérgastos",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ανεπεξέργαστος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "golmy",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גולמי"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "golmyt",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "גולמית"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "finomítatlan"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greggio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "súrov",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "су́ров"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "neobráboten",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необра́ботен"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ham",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâm",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "nieoczyszczony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobrabótannyj",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "необрабо́танный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "syrój",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "сыро́й"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "rå-"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "muḍi",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "ముడి"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "being in a natural state",
"word": "thô"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prost",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "прост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "prostý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "onafgewerkt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rudimentair"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "primitief"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rohmakas"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "tahumatu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "yksinkertainen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "einfach gestrickt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "schlicht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "grob gezimmert"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "adrós",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "αδρός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "kezdetleges"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rustico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "raffazzonato"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "crudus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prost",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "прост"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "prymitywny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rústico"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "primitívnyj",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "примити́вный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostój",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "просто́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próstenʹkij",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "про́стенький"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "rudimentario"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "enkel"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mutaka",
"sense": "characterized by simplicity",
"word": "ముతక"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "zřejmý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "evidentní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "jasný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "naakt"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "nackt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "pur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chondroeidís",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "χονδροειδής"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "kruda"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ovvio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jáven",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ја́вен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nepríkrien",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "непри́криен"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "bollboarich"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jávnyj",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "я́вный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neprikrýtyj",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "неприкры́тый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "ohöljd"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking concealing elements",
"word": "oförblommerad"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "groller"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "neomalený"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "skammelig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "smakeloos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "vulgair"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vulgaire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "cru"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"topics": [
"scholarly",
"sciences"
],
"word": "krude"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "krass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grob"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "áxestos",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "άξεστος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "saṛakchāp",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "सड़कछाप"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "faragatlan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "tútach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "volgare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "semplice"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yoğun",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "یوغون"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bayağı",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "بیاغی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "nieokrzesany"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "grov"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "plump"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "oborstad"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nāṭu",
"sense": "lacking tact or taste",
"word": "నాటు"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "suróv",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "суро́в"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "brut"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "roh"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anepexérgastos",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ανεπεξέργαστος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "raffazzonato"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâm",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "خام"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neobrabótannyj",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "необрабо́танный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "syrój",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "сыро́й"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "en bruto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "obearbetad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "rå"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "muḍi",
"sense": "statistics: in an unanalyzed form",
"word": "ముడి"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crude"
],
"word": "crude"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krewh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Irish translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːd",
"Rhymes:English/uːd/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "biocrude"
},
{
"word": "Brent crude"
},
{
"word": "sour crude"
},
{
"word": "sweet crude"
},
{
"word": "syncrude"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "crude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: crude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: crude"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crude"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crude",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "crūdus",
"t": "raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude"
},
"expansion": "Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewh₂-",
"t": "raw meat, fresh blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēaw",
"t": "raw, uncooked"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crudes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "crude (countable and uncountable, plural crudes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any substance in its natural state."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:",
"text": "The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Crude oil."
],
"links": [
[
"Crude oil",
"crude oil"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:crude oil"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kro͞od"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɹʉd/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crude.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg/En-us-crude.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/En-us-crude.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːd"
},
{
"homophone": "crewed (except Scotland)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rohstoff"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "akatérgastos",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ακατέργαστος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "argós",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αργός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"word": "nyers"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greggio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grezzo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any substance in its natural state",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "råämne"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crude"
],
"word": "crude"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crude meaning in English (27.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.