See stark in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stark meaning in English (26.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "starken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "starkly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "starkness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "starc"
},
"expansion": "starc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearc"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "starc",
"t": "stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent"
},
"expansion": "starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkuz",
"t": "stiff, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"t": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sterc",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Low German sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "German stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stærk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Danish stærk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sterkur",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sterkur (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "starch"
},
"expansion": "starch",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stark naked"
},
"expansion": "stark naked",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert naked"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "stert (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "butt naked"
},
"expansion": "butt naked",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.\nIn the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "starker",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "starkest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stark (comparative starker, superlative starkest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 2 22 13 0 0 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hard, firm; obdurate."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-KtrXVJMK",
"links": [
[
"Hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"obdurate",
"obdurate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hard, firm; obdurate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkočanen",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "вкочанен"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zatvrzelý"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "nudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twardy"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sztywny"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dur"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 3 6 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crud"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 2 22 13 0 0 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80",
"text": "Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-4ll2iIzp",
"links": [
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krutý"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepříznivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouřlivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "furioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "sterk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "gwałtowny"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "violent"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "drastic"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 92 1 2 2 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "duro"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Strong; vigorous; powerful."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-08-V29kc",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, literary or archaic) Strong; vigorous; powerful."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary",
"poetic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocný"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silný"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stærk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "sterk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sterkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "vahva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "väkevä"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "forte"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "gagliardo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "poderós"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "vigorós"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duradouro"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puternic"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viguros"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 91 2 2 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silný"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 2 22 13 0 0 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stiff, rigid."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-aI53Furi",
"links": [
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skovan",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "скован"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "jäykkä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "kankea"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "steif"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "stecchito"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 3 1 89 1 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "rígido"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 2 22 13 0 0 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I picked my way forlornly through the stark, sharp rocks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plain in appearance; barren, desolate."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-qKNB-ogw",
"links": [
[
"Plain",
"plain"
],
[
"barren",
"barren"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gol",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "гол"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pust",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "пуст"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pustý"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "desolato"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "aspro"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "selvaggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 1 3 81 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dezolant"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Naked."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-siLG6gb6",
"links": [
[
"Naked",
"naked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I screamed in stark terror.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A flower was growing, in stark contrast, out of the sidewalk.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1689 (first published posthumously), John Selden, Table-Talk\nRhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complete, absolute, full."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adj-mLWsV1Hl",
"links": [
[
"Complete",
"complete"
],
[
"absolute",
"absolute"
],
[
"full",
"full"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎlen",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "пълен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "absoljuten",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "абсолютен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "完全的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naprostý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "tosi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "völlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "ganz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "total"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "assoluto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "completo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "totale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "bell'e buono"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "puro e semplice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "vero e proprio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "total"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "absolut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "absoluto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 100",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "completo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "starc"
},
"expansion": "starc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearc"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "starc",
"t": "stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent"
},
"expansion": "starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkuz",
"t": "stiff, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"t": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sterc",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Low German sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "German stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stærk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Danish stærk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sterkur",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sterkur (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "starch"
},
"expansion": "starch",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stark naked"
},
"expansion": "stark naked",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert naked"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "stert (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "butt naked"
},
"expansion": "butt naked",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.\nIn the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stark (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 16 2 22 13 0 0 18 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stark bollock naked"
},
{
"word": "stark raving mad"
},
{
"word": "stark staring mad"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's gone stark, staring mad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She was just standing there, stark naked.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad",
"text": "… That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. …",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"starkly; entirely, absolutely"
],
"id": "en-stark-en-adv-X2Cfz4Ds",
"links": [
[
"starkly",
"starkly"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napǎlno",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "напълно"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "úplně"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "naprosto"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "dočista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "täysin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "tout"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "völlig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "total"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "absolut"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "în întregime"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "completamente"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "starken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English starken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearcian",
"4": "",
"5": "to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*starkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to stiffen, become hard"
},
"expansion": "*starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "erstarken",
"3": "",
"4": "to strengthen"
},
"expansion": "German erstarken (“to strengthen”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English starken, from Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”), from Proto-Germanic *starkōną, *starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with German erstarken (“to strengthen”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "starks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "starking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "starked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "starked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stark (third-person singular simple present starks, present participle starking, simple past and past participle starked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To stiffen."
],
"id": "en-stark-en-verb-ymPWgQt6",
"links": [
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialect) To stiffen."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "starkish"
},
{
"word": "starkly"
},
{
"word": "starkers"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"sv:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "starken"
},
{
"word": "starkly"
},
{
"word": "starkness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "starc"
},
"expansion": "starc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearc"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "starc",
"t": "stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent"
},
"expansion": "starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkuz",
"t": "stiff, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"t": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sterc",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Low German sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "German stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stærk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Danish stærk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sterkur",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sterkur (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "starch"
},
"expansion": "starch",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stark naked"
},
"expansion": "stark naked",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert naked"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "stert (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "butt naked"
},
"expansion": "butt naked",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.\nIn the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "starker",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "starkest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "stark (comparative starker, superlative starkest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Hard, firm; obdurate."
],
"links": [
[
"Hard",
"hard"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"obdurate",
"obdurate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hard, firm; obdurate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 80",
"text": "Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)."
],
"links": [
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"fierce",
"fierce"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Strong; vigorous; powerful."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, literary or archaic) Strong; vigorous; powerful."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"literary",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stiff, rigid."
],
"links": [
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I picked my way forlornly through the stark, sharp rocks.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plain in appearance; barren, desolate."
],
"links": [
[
"Plain",
"plain"
],
[
"barren",
"barren"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Naked."
],
"links": [
[
"Naked",
"naked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I screamed in stark terror.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "A flower was growing, in stark contrast, out of the sidewalk.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1689 (first published posthumously), John Selden, Table-Talk\nRhetoric is very good or stark naught; there's no medium in rhetoric."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complete, absolute, full."
],
"links": [
[
"Complete",
"complete"
],
[
"absolute",
"absolute"
],
[
"full",
"full"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vkočanen",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "вкочанен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tvrdý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zatvrzelý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "kova"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "nudo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "crudo"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"word": "dur"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "twardy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sztywny"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(obsolete) hard, firm; obdurate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crud"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krutý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepříznivý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouřlivý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "ankara"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "furioso"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "sterk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "gwałtowny"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "violent"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "drastic"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "severo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "severe; violent; fierce (now usually in describing the weather)",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mocný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silný"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "stærk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "sterk"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sterkur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "vahva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "väkevä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "inflessibile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "forte"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "gagliardo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "poderós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"word": "vigorós"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "duradouro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puternic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "viguros"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "(archaic) strong; vigorous; powerful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "silný"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gol",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "гол"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pust",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "пуст"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "aspre"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pustý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "desolato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "aspro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"word": "selvaggio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aspru"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "hard in appearance; barren, desolate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dezolant"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skovan",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "скован"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "jäykkä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "kankea"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "steif"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "rigido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "stecchito"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rigid"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stiff, rigid",
"word": "rígido"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎlen",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "пълен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "absoljuten",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "абсолютен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "完全的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "naprostý"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "täysi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "tosi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "völlig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "ganz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "total"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "assoluto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "completo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "totale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "bell'e buono"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "puro e semplice"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "vero e proprio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "total"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "absolut"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "absoluto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "complete, absolute, full",
"word": "completo"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"sv:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stark bollock naked"
},
{
"word": "stark raving mad"
},
{
"word": "stark staring mad"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stark"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "starc"
},
"expansion": "starc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearc"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "starc",
"t": "stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent"
},
"expansion": "starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stark",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkuz",
"t": "stiff, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"t": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "sterc",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Low German sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "German stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stærk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Danish stærk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stark",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stark (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "sterk",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian sterk (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sterkur",
"3": "",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sterkur (“strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "starch"
},
"expansion": "starch",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stark naked"
},
"expansion": "stark naked",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert naked"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stert naked",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stert",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "stert (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "butt naked"
},
"expansion": "butt naked",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stark, starc, from Old English stearc, starc (“stiff, rigid, unyielding, obstinate, hard, strong, severe, violent”), from Proto-West Germanic *stark, from Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stiff, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”).\nCognate with Saterland Frisian sterc (“strong”), Dutch sterk (“strong”), Low German sterk (“strong”), German stark (“strong”), Danish stærk (“strong”), Swedish stark (“strong”), Norwegian sterk (“strong”), Icelandic sterkur (“strong”). Related to starch.\nIn the phrase stark naked: an alternation of Middle English stert naked, from stert (“tail”), a literal parallel to the modern butt naked.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stark (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's gone stark, staring mad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "She was just standing there, stark naked.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Robert Barr, chapter 4, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad",
"text": "… That woman is stark mad, Lord Stranleigh. Her own father recognised it when he bereft her of all power in the great business he founded. …",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"starkly; entirely, absolutely"
],
"links": [
[
"starkly",
"starkly"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napǎlno",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "напълно"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "úplně"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "naprosto"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "dočista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "täysin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "tout"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "völlig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "total"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "absolut"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "în întregime"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "starkly; entirely, absolutely",
"word": "completamente"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"sv:Taste"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "starken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English starken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stearcian",
"4": "",
"5": "to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard"
},
"expansion": "Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*starkōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *starkōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*starkēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to stiffen, become hard"
},
"expansion": "*starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)terg-",
"4": "",
"5": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "erstarken",
"3": "",
"4": "to strengthen"
},
"expansion": "German erstarken (“to strengthen”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English starken, from Old English stearcian (“to stiffen, become hard, grow stiff or hard”), from Proto-Germanic *starkōną, *starkēną (“to stiffen, become hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with German erstarken (“to strengthen”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "starks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "starking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "starked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "starked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stark (third-person singular simple present starks, present participle starking, simple past and past participle starked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "starkish"
},
{
"word": "starkly"
},
{
"word": "starkers"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To stiffen."
],
"links": [
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialect) To stiffen."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑɹk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɑːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"homophone": "stock (non-rhotic with father-bother merger)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-stark.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg/En-us-stark.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/En-us-stark.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "stärk"
}
],
"word": "stark"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.