See chap in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chap-hop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Chappism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Chappist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "old chap"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Tschaepp",
"t": "guy"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman",
"t": "dealer, customer"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”) in 16th-century English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 0 9 8 15 0 10 12 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 1 5 5 17 1 8 13 2 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 1 5 5 24 1 7 2 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 1 1 2 2 10 0 6 7 1 2 11 0 6 2 17 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 1 9 9 16 1 6 4 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 11 1 9 8 16 1 5 4 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 1 8 9 25 3 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 2 7 7 24 3 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 1 7 8 25 2 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 11 1 9 9 18 4 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 25 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 12 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 29 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 12 1 8 10 16 5 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 1 6 7 23 1 6 2 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 2 1 9 5 16 1 6 10 9 6 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skin",
"orig": "en:Skin",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Who’s that chap over there?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 194:",
"text": "“Now when I was a little chap I had a passion for maps.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man, a fellow."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-3Or6QjsV",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated outside UK and Australia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated outside UK and Australia) A man, a fellow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "man"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāb",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَاب"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rajul",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَجُل"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čovék",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чове́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momčé",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "момче́"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "noi"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "individu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāhuo",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "家伙"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎozi",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "小子"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kaveri"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougre"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mec"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quidam"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kerl"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kerlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizio"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "やつ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"alt": "やつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "奴"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "autaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhae"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhake"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gas"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amic"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Benjel"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gość"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Northeast-Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabra"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mužík",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мужи́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párenʹ",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рень"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mályj",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́лый"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čuvák",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "чува́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kent",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "кент"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "cristianu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizziu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachan"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 14 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, John Gay, The Beggar's Opera, Act 3:",
"text": "If you have Blacks of any kind, brought in of late; Mantoes--Velvet Scarfs--Petticoats--Let it be what it will--I am your Chap--for all my Ladies are very fond of Mourning.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A customer, a buyer."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-o2~Ce7zh",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialectal) A customer, a buyer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 91 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dialectal: customer, buyer",
"word": "kundi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A child."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-zjLRfN2B",
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern US) A child."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colloquial: child",
"word": "kersa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapped"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapstick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapt"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (third-person singular simple present chaps, present participle chapping, simple past and past participle chapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 15 25 12 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-mTkxi2Na",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ariar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napukvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "напуквам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "нацепвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoitua"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "halkeilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "kicserepesedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ekzemeskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "titupu"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "rachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréskatʹsja",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "тре́скаться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem:",
"text": "Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, / Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1591, John Lyly, Endymion:",
"text": "whose fair face neither the summer's blaze can scorch nor winter's blast chap.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-45kA-JPn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 86 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 86 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "crevasser"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 86 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 86 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "rakehoittaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 0 9 8 15 0 10 12 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 1 5 5 17 1 8 13 2 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 1 5 5 24 1 7 2 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 1 1 2 2 10 0 6 7 1 2 11 0 6 2 17 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 1 8 9 25 3 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 2 7 7 24 3 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 1 7 8 25 2 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 1 6 7 23 1 6 2 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 33 7 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 25 12 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 35 4 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 2 1 9 5 16 1 6 10 9 6 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skin",
"orig": "en:Skin",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "And then it seems that through the open door there came the chapping of a clock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 35:",
"text": "The door was shut into my class. I had to chap it and then Miss Rankine came and opened it and gived me an angry look […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, knock."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-SWSM9OSw",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, Northern England) To strike, knock."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 10 33 7 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 25 12 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-j8IQa8h7",
"links": [
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"chink",
"chink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 15 25 12 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 35 4 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Many clefts and chaps in our council board.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-For-CODj",
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 0 9 8 15 0 10 12 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 1 5 5 17 1 8 13 2 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 1 5 5 24 1 7 2 5 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 1 1 2 2 10 0 6 7 1 2 11 0 6 2 17 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 1 8 9 25 3 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 2 7 7 24 3 5 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 2 1 7 8 25 2 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 1 6 7 23 1 6 2 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 33 7 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 25 12 6 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 35 4 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 2 1 9 5 16 1 6 10 9 6 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skin",
"orig": "en:Skin",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blow; a rap."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-D32ALbIs",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) A blow; a rap."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chapfallen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chapless"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheppe",
"t": "one side of the jaw, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Northern English chafts (“jaws”). Compare also Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "This wide-chapp'd rascal—would thou might'st lie drowning / The washing of ten tides!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1667, Abraham Cowley, The Song:",
"text": "His chaps were all besmear'd with crimson blood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "He unseamed him from the nave to the chaps.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-Ast-6MQZ",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, often in the plural) The jaw."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"often"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käft"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the jaws or cheeks of a vice, etc."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-pSu9Vlrg",
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "division of a text",
"word": "chapter"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Internet",
"orig": "en:Internet",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Networking",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 0 9 8 15 0 10 12 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 1 5 5 17 1 8 13 2 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 2 1 9 5 16 1 6 10 9 6 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skin",
"orig": "en:Skin",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-ca-N~YD8",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"chapter",
"chapter#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chap chye"
},
{
"word": "chap lau chu"
},
{
"word": "chaps"
},
{
"word": "kway chap"
}
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Skin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chapess"
},
{
"word": "chapette"
},
{
"word": "chap-hop"
},
{
"word": "chappie"
},
{
"word": "chappish"
},
{
"word": "Chappism"
},
{
"word": "Chappist"
},
{
"word": "chappo"
},
{
"word": "old chap"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Tschaepp",
"t": "guy"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman",
"t": "dealer, customer"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”) in 16th-century English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Who’s that chap over there?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 194:",
"text": "“Now when I was a little chap I had a passion for maps.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:",
"text": "‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man, a fellow."
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated outside UK and Australia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated outside UK and Australia) A man, a fellow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "man"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, John Gay, The Beggar's Opera, Act 3:",
"text": "If you have Blacks of any kind, brought in of late; Mantoes--Velvet Scarfs--Petticoats--Let it be what it will--I am your Chap--for all my Ladies are very fond of Mourning.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A customer, a buyer."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialectal) A customer, a buyer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A child."
],
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern US) A child."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāb",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rajul",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَجُل"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čovék",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чове́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momčé",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "момче́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "noi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "home"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "individu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāhuo",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "家伙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎozi",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "小子"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kaveri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mec"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quidam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kerl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kerlo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "やつ"
},
{
"alt": "やつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "奴"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "autaia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gas"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amic"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Benjel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Northeast-Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mužík",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мужи́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párenʹ",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рень"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mályj",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́лый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čuvák",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "чува́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kent",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "кент"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "cristianu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizziu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dialectal: customer, buyer",
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colloquial: child",
"word": "kersa"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Skin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"word": "chapped"
},
{
"word": "chapstick"
},
{
"word": "chapt"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (third-person singular simple present chaps, present participle chapping, simple past and past participle chapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem:",
"text": "Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, / Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1591, John Lyly, Endymion:",
"text": "whose fair face neither the summer's blaze can scorch nor winter's blast chap.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:",
"text": "And then it seems that through the open door there came the chapping of a clock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 35:",
"text": "The door was shut into my class. I had to chap it and then Miss Rankine came and opened it and gived me an angry look […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, knock."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, Northern England) To strike, knock."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ariar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napukvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "напуквам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "нацепвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoitua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "halkeilla"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "kicserepesedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ekzemeskar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "titupu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "rachar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréskatʹsja",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "тре́скаться"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "crevasser"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "rakehoittaa"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Skin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chappy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin."
],
"links": [
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"chink",
"chink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "Many clefts and chaps in our council board.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A blow; a rap."
],
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) A blow; a rap."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Skin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chapfallen"
},
{
"word": "chapless"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheppe",
"t": "one side of the jaw, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Northern English chafts (“jaws”). Compare also Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "This wide-chapp'd rascal—would thou might'st lie drowning / The washing of ten tides!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1667, Abraham Cowley, The Song:",
"text": "His chaps were all besmear'd with crimson blood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "He unseamed him from the nave to the chaps.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, often in the plural) The jaw."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"often"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One of the jaws or cheeks of a vice, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käft"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable",
"en:Skin"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chap chye"
},
{
"word": "chap lau chu"
},
{
"word": "chaps"
},
{
"word": "kway chap"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "division of a text",
"word": "chapter"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English slang",
"en:Internet"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"chapter",
"chapter#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chap meaning in English (23.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.