See chap in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chap meaning in English (23.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chap-hop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "old chap"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Tschaepp",
"t": "guy"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman",
"t": "dealer, customer"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”) in 16th-century English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 10 13 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 9 15 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 1 6 3 16 1 11 14 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Who’s that chap over there?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man, a fellow."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-3Or6QjsV",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated outside UK and Australia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated outside UK and Australia) A man, a fellow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "man"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāb",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَاب"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rajul",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَجُل"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čovék",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чове́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momčé",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "момче́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "noi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "home"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "individu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāhuo",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "家伙"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎozi",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "小子"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kaveri"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougre"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mec"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quidam"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kerl"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kerlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizio"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "やつ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "やつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "奴"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "autaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhae"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhake"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amic"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Benjel"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gość"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Northeast-Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabra"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mužík",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мужи́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párenʹ",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рень"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mályj",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́лый"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čuvák",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "чува́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kent",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "кент"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "cristianu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizziu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, John Gay, The Beggar's Opera, Act 3",
"text": "If you have Blacks of any kind, brought in of late; Mantoes--Velvet Scarfs--Petticoats--Let it be what it will--I am your Chap--for all my Ladies are very fond of Mourning.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A customer, a buyer."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-o2~Ce7zh",
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialectal) A customer, a buyer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dialectal: customer, buyer",
"word": "kundi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A child."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-zjLRfN2B",
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern US) A child."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colloquial: child",
"word": "kersa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapped"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chapstick"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chip"
},
"expansion": "chip",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (third-person singular simple present chaps, present participle chapping, simple past and past participle chapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-mTkxi2Na",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ariar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napukvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "напуквам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "нацепвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoitua"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "halkeilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "kicserepesedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ekzemeskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "titupu"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "rachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "65 33 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréskatʹsja",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "тре́скаться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem",
"text": "Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, / Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1591, John Lyly, Endymion",
"text": "whose fair face neither the summer's blaze can scorch nor winter's blast chap.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-45kA-JPn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 86 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "crevasser"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 86 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "rakehoittaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 10 13 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 9 15 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 1 6 3 16 1 11 14 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
"text": "And then it seems that through the open door there came the chapping of a clock.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 35",
"text": "The door was shut into my class. I had to chap it and then Miss Rankine came and opened it and gived me an angry look […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, knock."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-verb-SWSM9OSw",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, Northern England) To strike, knock."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chappy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chip"
},
"expansion": "chip",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 9 15 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-j8IQa8h7",
"links": [
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"chink",
"chink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-For-CODj",
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 10 13 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 9 15 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 1 6 3 16 1 11 14 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blow; a rap."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-D32ALbIs",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) A blow; a rap."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chafts",
"3": "",
"4": "jaws"
},
"expansion": "chafts (“jaws”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheppe",
"t": "one side of the jaw, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Northern English chafts (“jaws”). Compare also Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1667, Abraham Cowley, The Song",
"text": "His chaps were all besmear'd with crimson blood.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-Ast-6MQZ",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, often in the plural) The jaw."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"often"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käft"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 10 13 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 1 6 3 16 1 11 14 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the jaws or cheeks of a vice, etc."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-pSu9Vlrg",
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "division of a text",
"word": "chapter"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Internet",
"orig": "en:Internet",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Networking",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 10 13 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 7 0 10 6 15 0 9 15 3 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 5 1 6 3 16 1 11 14 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms of address",
"parents": [
"Terms of address",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"id": "en-chap-en-noun-ca-N~YD8",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"chapter",
"chapter#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chap chye"
},
{
"word": "chap lau chu"
},
{
"word": "chaps"
},
{
"word": "kway chap"
}
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chap-hop"
},
{
"word": "chapess"
},
{
"word": "chappie"
},
{
"word": "chappo"
},
{
"word": "old chap"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "Tschaepp",
"t": "guy"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chapman",
"t": "dealer, customer"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”)",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”) in 16th-century English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Who’s that chap over there?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man, a fellow."
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated outside UK and Australia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated outside UK and Australia) A man, a fellow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "man"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, John Gay, The Beggar's Opera, Act 3",
"text": "If you have Blacks of any kind, brought in of late; Mantoes--Velvet Scarfs--Petticoats--Let it be what it will--I am your Chap--for all my Ladies are very fond of Mourning.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A customer, a buyer."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialectal) A customer, a buyer."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Southern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"A child."
],
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern US) A child."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šāb",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَاب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rajul",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رَجُل"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čovék",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чове́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "momčé",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "момче́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "noi"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "home"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "individu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāhuo",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "家伙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎozi",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "小子"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kaveri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bougre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mec"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "quidam"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kerl"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Typ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "kerlo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "やつ"
},
{
"alt": "やつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yatsu",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "奴"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "autaia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tāhake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "korokē"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gas"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amic"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Benjel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cara"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"Northeast-Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabra"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mužík",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мужи́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "párenʹ",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́рень"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mályj",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́лый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čuvák",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "чува́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kent",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "кент"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "cristianu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tipu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"word": "tizziu"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tipo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bachan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "man or fellow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "dialectal: customer, buyer",
"word": "kundi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "colloquial: child",
"word": "kersa"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"word": "chapped"
},
{
"word": "chapstick"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chip"
},
"expansion": "chip",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapping",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chapped",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (third-person singular simple present chaps, present participle chapping, simple past and past participle chapped)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of the skin, to split or flake due to cold weather or dryness."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, Richard Blackmore, Creation: A Philosophical Poem",
"text": "Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign, / Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1591, John Lyly, Endymion",
"text": "whose fair face neither the summer's blaze can scorch nor winter's blast chap.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Northern England English",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
"text": "And then it seems that through the open door there came the chapping of a clock.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 35",
"text": "The door was shut into my class. I had to chap it and then Miss Rankine came and opened it and gived me an angry look […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, knock."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, Northern England) To strike, knock."
],
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ariar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "napukvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "напуквам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nacepvam se",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "нацепвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoitua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "halkeilla"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "aufrauen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "kicserepesedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "ekzemeskar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "titupu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"word": "rachar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréskatʹsja",
"sense": "of skin: to split or flake",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "тре́скаться"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "crevasser"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "ahavoa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "of skin: to cause to split or flake",
"word": "rakehoittaa"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chappy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chappen",
"t": "to split open, burst, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "choppen",
"t": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Middle English choppen (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kappen",
"t": "to cut, chop, hack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chip"
},
"expansion": "chip",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cleft, crack, or chink, as in the surface of the earth, or in the skin."
],
"links": [
[
"cleft",
"cleft"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"chink",
"chink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"links": [
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"party",
"party"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A division; a breach, as in a party."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A blow; a rap."
],
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) A blow; a rap."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chafts",
"3": "",
"4": "jaws"
},
"expansion": "chafts (“jaws”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cheppe",
"t": "one side of the jaw, chap"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Northern English chafts (“jaws”). Compare also Middle English cheppe (“one side of the jaw, chap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chop"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1667, Abraham Cowley, The Song",
"text": "His chaps were all besmear'd with crimson blood.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, often in the plural) The jaw."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"often"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One of the jaws or cheeks of a vice, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"vice",
"vice"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čeljust",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "челюст"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"word": "leuka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéljustʹ",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́люсть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the jaw",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "käft"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms of address",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æp",
"Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Shortening",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaps",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chap (plural chaps)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chap chye"
},
{
"word": "chap lau chu"
},
{
"word": "chaps"
},
{
"word": "kway chap"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "division of a text",
"word": "chapter"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English slang",
"en:Internet"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"chapter",
"chapter#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”)."
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃæp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æp"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg/En-us-chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 chap.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/EN-AU_ck1_chap.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "chap"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.