See bedevil in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bedeviller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bedevilment"
},
{
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"word": "unbedeviled"
},
{
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"word": "unbedevilled"
}
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epider.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁pi\nProto-Germanic *bider.\nProto-Germanic *bi-\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nOld English be-\nMiddle English bi-\nEnglish be-\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δια- (dia-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)\nAncient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.\nLatin diabolusbor.\nProto-West Germanic *diubul\nOld English dēofol\nMiddle English devel\nEnglish devil\nEnglish bedevil\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁éps\", 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\"διάβολος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"diabolus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*diubul\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"dēofol\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"devel\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"devil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bedevil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bedevil\">\nFrom be- + devil.",
"name": "ety"
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],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epider.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁pi\nProto-Germanic *bider.\nProto-Germanic *bi-\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nOld English be-\nMiddle English bi-\nEnglish be-\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δια- (dia-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)\nAncient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.\nLatin diabolusbor.\nProto-West Germanic *diubul\nOld English dēofol\nMiddle English devel\nEnglish devil\nEnglish bedevil\nFrom be- + devil.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviling",
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bedevilling",
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bedevilled",
"tags": [
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{
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]
}
],
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"expansion": "bedevil (third-person singular simple present bedevils, present participle (US) bedeviling or (UK) bedevilling, simple past and past participle (US) bedeviled or (UK) bedevilled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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"text": "Guerrilla attacks continued to bedevil the larger army's supply routes.",
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"ref": "1988 December 19, William Styron, “Why Primo Levi Need Not Have Died”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 29 Aug 2022:",
"text": "Mr. Levi may have been bedeviled by buried conflicts unrelated to Auschwitz.",
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"ref": "2010 March 19, Joseph Berger, “How to Say Theater in Yiddish? Two Ways”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 11 Jun 2019:",
"text": "Such amity is no small thing. The narrowing world of Yiddish theater has been bedeviled with one “broyges — a cherished term for a falling out — after another",
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"ref": "2013, Rockstar Games, Grand Theft Auto V, scene: The Third Way:",
"text": "Michael De Santa (Ned Luke): You know, Devin [Devin Winston], the way I see it, and hey, I'm no intelligent businessman like you, but the way I see it, there's two great evils that bedevil American capitalism of the type that you practice.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harass or cause trouble for; to plague."
],
"id": "en-bedevil-en-verb-5PH3JeXn",
"links": [
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"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "pester"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "aggravate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "annoy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "nettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rankle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "ruffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "sting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "antagonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bother"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "disgruntle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "botherate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bug"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "burn up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cheese off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "devil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "exasperate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "frustrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grotch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "hack off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "hassle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "irk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "irritate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "jazz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "molest"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"US",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "mommick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "nark"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "nerve"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "pee off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "peeve"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "persecute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "pique"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "piss off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "provoke"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rile"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rile up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "roil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "storm"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "test someone's patience"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
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"US"
],
"word": "tick off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "try one's patience"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "wind up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "Idioms:"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
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"word": "boil someone's piss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get on someone's nerves"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "get on someone's tits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get on someone's wick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's back up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's dander up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's Irish up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's nanny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's nanny-goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get under one's goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get under someone's skin"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
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"colloquial",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "give someone the shits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grind one's gears"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "harsh one's mellow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "put someone's back up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "raise someone's hackles"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rub someone the wrong way"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rub up the wrong way"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "tee off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "torque off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "badger"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bait"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "persecute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bug"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "devil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "beset"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "give someone grief"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "harass"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "harry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "hound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "pester"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "pick at"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "plague"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vex"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "endimoniar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "endiablar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "turmentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "tourmenter"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "heimsuchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "assillare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "tormentare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dokuczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dokuczyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nękać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znękać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "atormentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "hărțui"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "múčitʹ",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "му́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "terzátʹ",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "терза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "atormentar"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To perplex or bewilder."
],
"id": "en-bedevil-en-verb-bCQkbw5Y",
"links": [
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
],
[
"bewilder",
"bewilder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "addle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "lose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "embroil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stump"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bamboozle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "throw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bemud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bewilder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bumfuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "complicate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "confuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"childish",
"slang"
],
"word": "confuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dazzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "discombobulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "entangle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ferhoodle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabagast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergaster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flurry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fluster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flummox"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "jumble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "knot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "mix up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "muddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ravel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "perplex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "puzzle"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To possess (someone's mind)."
],
"id": "en-bedevil-en-verb-VE8Trv0J",
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally) To possess (someone's mind)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bodyjack"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bɪˈdɛvəɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈdɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biˈdɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "bedevil"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH- (throw)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ep-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *dwóh₁",
"English terms prefixed with be-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bedeviller"
},
{
"word": "bedevilment"
},
{
"word": "unbedeviled"
},
{
"word": "unbedevilled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "be-",
"4": "devil",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epider.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁pi\nProto-Germanic *bider.\nProto-Germanic *bi-\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nOld English be-\nMiddle English bi-\nEnglish be-\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δια- (dia-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)\nAncient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.\nLatin diabolusbor.\nProto-West Germanic *diubul\nOld English dēofol\nMiddle English devel\nEnglish devil\nEnglish bedevil\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁éps\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ep-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁epi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁pi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bi-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"be-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"be-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"devil\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"devil\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"devil\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"devil\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"slanderous\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"throw over\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"across\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"through\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"twice\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwís\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"διά\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"δια-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to throw\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"throw\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*gʷelH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*gʷəlnō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"βάλλω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"διαβάλλω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"διάβολος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"diabolus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*diubul\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"dēofol\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"devel\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"devil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"bedevil\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"bedevil\">\nFrom be- + devil.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epider.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁pi\nProto-Germanic *bider.\nProto-Germanic *bi-\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nOld English be-\nMiddle English bi-\nEnglish be-\nProto-Indo-European *dwóh₁\nProto-Indo-European *dwísder.\nAncient Greek διά (diá)\nAncient Greek δια- (dia-)\nProto-Indo-European *gʷelH-der.\nProto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō\nAncient Greek βάλλω (bállō)\nAncient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)\nAncient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.\nLatin diabolusbor.\nProto-West Germanic *diubul\nOld English dēofol\nMiddle English devel\nEnglish devil\nEnglish bedevil\nFrom be- + devil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bedevils",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviling",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bedevilling",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bedeviled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bedevilled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bedevilled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+l"
},
"expansion": "bedevil (third-person singular simple present bedevils, present participle (US) bedeviling or (UK) bedevilling, simple past and past participle (US) bedeviled or (UK) bedevilled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"text": "Guerrilla attacks continued to bedevil the larger army's supply routes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"ref": "1988 December 19, William Styron, “Why Primo Levi Need Not Have Died”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 29 Aug 2022:",
"text": "Mr. Levi may have been bedeviled by buried conflicts unrelated to Auschwitz.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
78,
87
]
],
"ref": "2010 March 19, Joseph Berger, “How to Say Theater in Yiddish? Two Ways”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 11 Jun 2019:",
"text": "Such amity is no small thing. The narrowing world of Yiddish theater has been bedeviled with one “broyges — a cherished term for a falling out — after another",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
27
],
[
181,
188
]
],
"ref": "2013, Rockstar Games, Grand Theft Auto V, scene: The Third Way:",
"text": "Michael De Santa (Ned Luke): You know, Devin [Devin Winston], the way I see it, and hey, I'm no intelligent businessman like you, but the way I see it, there's two great evils that bedevil American capitalism of the type that you practice.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To harass or cause trouble for; to plague."
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "disturb"
},
{
"word": "molest"
},
{
"word": "pester"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "aggravate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "annoy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "nettle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rankle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "ruffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "sting"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "antagonize"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bother"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "disgruntle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "botherate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bug"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "burn up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cheese off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "devil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "exasperate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "frustrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grotch"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "hack off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "hassle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "irk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "irritate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "jazz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "molest"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"US",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "mommick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "nark"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "nerve"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "pee off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "peeve"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "persecute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "pique"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "piss off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "provoke"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rile"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rile up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "roil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "storm"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "test someone's patience"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"word": "tick off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "try one's patience"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "wind up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "Idioms:"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "boil someone's piss"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "chap someone's hide"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get on someone's nerves"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"vulgar"
],
"word": "get on someone's tits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get on someone's wick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's back up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's dander up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's Irish up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's nanny"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get someone's nanny-goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get under one's goat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "get under someone's skin"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"colloquial",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "give someone the shits"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "grind one's gears"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "harsh one's mellow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "put someone's back up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "raise someone's hackles"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rub someone the wrong way"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "rub up the wrong way"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "tee off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:annoy",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "torque off"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "badger"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bait"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "beleaguer"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "persecute"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "bug"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "devil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "beset"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "chevy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "give someone grief"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "harass"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "harry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "hound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "pester"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "pick at"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"word": "plague"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pester",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "vex"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To perplex or bewilder."
],
"links": [
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
],
[
"bewilder",
"bewilder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "addle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "vex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "lose"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "embroil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stick"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "stump"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "baffound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bamboozle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bedevil"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "befuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "throw"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bemud"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bemuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bewilder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "bumfuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "complicate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "confuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "confuse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"childish",
"slang"
],
"word": "confuzzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dazzle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "discombobulate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "disconcert"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "blind"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "entangle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ferhoodle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabagast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flabbergaster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flurry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fluster"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "flummox"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "fuddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "jumble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "knot"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "mix up"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "muddle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "muddy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "ravel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "perplex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:confuse",
"word": "puzzle"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To possess (someone's mind)."
],
"links": [
[
"possess",
"possess"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally) To possess (someone's mind)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bodyjack"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bɪˈdɛvəɫ]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bedevil.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɪˈdɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biˈdɛvəl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "endimoniar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "endiablar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "turmentar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "tourmenter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "plagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "heimsuchen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "assillare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "tormentare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dokuczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dokuczyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nękać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to harass",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znękać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "atormentar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "hărțui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "múčitʹ",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "му́чить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "terzátʹ",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "терза́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to harass",
"word": "atormentar"
}
],
"word": "bedevil"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bedevil meaning in English (20.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.