See ruffle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ruffle meaning in English (16.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dust ruffle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (plural ruffles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 1 11 2 3 1 3 20 18 2 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She loved the dress with the lace ruffle at the hem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any gathered or curled strip of fabric added as trim or decoration."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-BXfELRQJ",
"links": [
[
"gathered",
"gathered"
],
[
"curled",
"curled"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "frill"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "furbelow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "volan",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волан"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabor",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "набор"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "falbalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "röyhelö"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falbala"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rüsche"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krause"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falpalà"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frangia"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gala"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frappa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guarnitura"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volant"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "raffuru",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "ラッフル"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riša"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "pōtete"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbana"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dobra"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prega"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "babado"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oborka",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "оборка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjuza"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falba"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbka"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wolant"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kružeńca"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjózka"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 3 1 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krås"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to put the mind in a ruffle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disturbance; agitation; commotion."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-~AzdQVnI",
"links": [
[
"Disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-NphaXOGb",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"drum",
"drum"
],
[
"roll",
"roll"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 1 11 2 3 1 3 20 18 2 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-5gLdULnv",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"capsule",
"capsule"
],
[
"ootheca",
"ootheca"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"American",
"American"
],
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"gastropod",
"gastropod"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Fulgur",
"Fulgur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle any feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rufflement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle some feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unruffled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (third-person singular simple present ruffles, present participle ruffling, simple past and past participle ruffled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruffle the end of the cuff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-Nc1j1K-d",
"links": [
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razrošvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "разрошвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabrǎčkvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "набръчквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "röyhelöittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "ébouriffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "soúfra",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "σούφρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "barrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "promrsiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "razmrsiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 6 2 4 5 3 4 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "retorcer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind ruffled the papers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Her sudden volley of insults ruffled his composure.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir William Hamilton, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet",
"text": "These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Knopf, page 114",
"text": "\"Ladies and gentlemen,\" said Mr. Wonka, coming up close and raising both hands for silence. \"Please, I beg you, do not ruffle yourselves! There's nothing to worry about.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 February 24, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2018-04-22",
"text": "[Finn] Russell created his side’s three first-half tries, ruffling a defence known for its composure, and dictated the match from the off.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-4t0K~2eD",
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"flutter",
"flutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "narušavam spokojstvieto",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "нарушавам спокойствието"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "liikuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "heilutella"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to cause to flutter",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "värisyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of hair or similar",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "pörröttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "rahurahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 79 6 3 3 3 2 0 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "agitar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-qvGwNoOT",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-vS~OvXOp",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 1 11 2 3 1 3 20 18 2 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-r9C1RHyi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 1 11 2 3 1 3 20 18 2 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-R0T0bY-g"
},
{
"glosses": [
"To erect in a ruff, as feathers."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-NITQ0r8J"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-F6prqVEV",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 1 1 11 2 3 1 3 20 18 2 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw together in a disorderly manner."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-uG6dtK7G"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dust ruffle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (plural ruffles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She loved the dress with the lace ruffle at the hem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any gathered or curled strip of fabric added as trim or decoration."
],
"links": [
[
"gathered",
"gathered"
],
[
"curled",
"curled"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to put the mind in a ruffle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disturbance; agitation; commotion."
],
"links": [
[
"Disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"drum",
"drum"
],
[
"roll",
"roll"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"capsule",
"capsule"
],
[
"ootheca",
"ootheca"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"American",
"American"
],
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"gastropod",
"gastropod"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Fulgur",
"Fulgur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "frill"
},
{
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "furbelow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "volan",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волан"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabor",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "набор"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "falbalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "röyhelö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falbala"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rüsche"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krause"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falpalà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frangia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frappa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guarnitura"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volant"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "raffuru",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "ラッフル"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riša"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "pōtete"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbana"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dobra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prega"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "babado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oborka",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "оборка"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjuza"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falba"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbka"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wolant"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kružeńca"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjózka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krås"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruffle any feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle feathers"
},
{
"word": "rufflement"
},
{
"word": "ruffler"
},
{
"word": "ruffle some feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle up"
},
{
"word": "ruffly"
},
{
"word": "unruffled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (third-person singular simple present ruffles, present participle ruffling, simple past and past participle ruffled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruffle the end of the cuff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"links": [
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind ruffled the papers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Her sudden volley of insults ruffled his composure.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir William Hamilton, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet",
"text": "These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Knopf, page 114",
"text": "\"Ladies and gentlemen,\" said Mr. Wonka, coming up close and raising both hands for silence. \"Please, I beg you, do not ruffle yourselves! There's nothing to worry about.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 February 24, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2018-04-22",
"text": "[Finn] Russell created his side’s three first-half tries, ruffling a defence known for its composure, and dictated the match from the off.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"flutter",
"flutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To erect in a ruff, as feathers."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To throw together in a disorderly manner."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razrošvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "разрошвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabrǎčkvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "набръчквам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "röyhelöittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "ébouriffer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "soúfra",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "σούφρα"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "barrar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "promrsiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "razmrsiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "retorcer"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "narušavam spokojstvieto",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "нарушавам спокойствието"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "liikuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "heilutella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to cause to flutter",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "värisyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of hair or similar",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "pörröttää"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "rahurahu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "agitar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.