See ruffle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dust ruffle"
}
],
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"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
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"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
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"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
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]
}
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"expansion": "ruffle (plural ruffles)",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "She loved the dress with the lace ruffle at the hem.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Matrimonial Tête-à-Tête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 169:",
"text": "His dress was splendid; his hands glittered with rings, his snuff-box was covered with diamonds, and his ruffles were of the finest Mechlin lace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:",
"text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any gathered or curled strip of fabric added as trim or decoration."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-BXfELRQJ",
"links": [
[
"gathered",
"gathered"
],
[
"curled",
"curled"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "frill"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "furbelow"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "volan",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волан"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabor",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "набор"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "falbalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "röyhelö"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falbala"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "volante"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rüsche"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krause"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falpalà"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frangia"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "it",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "gala"
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
"code": "it",
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"word": "ラッフル"
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"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"sense": "strip of fabric",
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"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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{
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"sense": "strip of fabric",
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"feminine"
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"word": "оборка"
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"word": "krjuza"
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"sense": "strip of fabric",
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"word": "kružeńca"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"sense": "strip of fabric",
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"word": "krjózka"
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"word": "volante"
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{
"_dis1": "87 3 5 6",
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"word": "krås"
}
]
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{
"text": "to put the mind in a ruffle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disturbance; agitation; commotion."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-noun-~AzdQVnI",
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"disturbance"
],
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
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[
"commotion",
"commotion"
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]
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{
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"orig": "en:Military",
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"All topics",
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],
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"A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
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"military"
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[
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"beat"
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[
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"drum"
],
[
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"roll"
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[
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"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
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"Sciences",
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"The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
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[
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[
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[
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],
"topics": [
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"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
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],
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"word": "ruffle"
}
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle a few feathers"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle any feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rufflement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle some feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffle up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruffly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unruffled"
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"t": "to graze, scratch"
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"name": "der"
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"title": "unknown"
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"2": "ruyffelen"
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"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
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"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (third-person singular simple present ruffles, present participle ruffling, simple past and past participle ruffled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruffle the end of the cuff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-Nc1j1K-d",
"links": [
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razrošvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "разрошвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabrǎčkvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "набръчквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "röyhelöittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "ébouriffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "soúfra",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "σούφρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "barrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "promrsiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "razmrsiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 6 1 3 5 8 7 6 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "retorcer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind ruffled the papers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Her sudden volley of insults ruffled his composure.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Palamon and Arcite”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "She […]smoothed the ruffled seas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "the fantastic revelries […] that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Guinevere”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 227–228:",
"text": "But, ever after, the small violence done / Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart, / As the sharp wind that ruffles all day long / A little bitter pool about a stone / On the bare coast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir William Hamilton, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet:",
"text": "These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Knopf, page 114:",
"text": "\"Ladies and gentlemen,\" said Mr. Wonka, coming up close and raising both hands for silence. \"Please, I beg you, do not ruffle yourselves! There's nothing to worry about.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018 February 24, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2018-04-22:",
"text": "[Finn] Russell created his side’s three first-half tries, ruffling a defence known for its composure, and dictated the match from the off.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-4t0K~2eD",
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"flutter",
"flutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perturb"
},
{
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"word": "upset"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "narušavam spokojstvieto",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "нарушавам спокойствието"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "liikuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "heilutella"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to cause to flutter",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "värisyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of hair or similar",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "pörröttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "rahurahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 83 5 2 2 2 1 1 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "agitar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "The night comes on, and the bleak winds / Do sorely ruffle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-qvGwNoOT",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "On his right shoulder his thick mane ', / Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-vS~OvXOp",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "They would ruffle with jurors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, Stanley J. Weyman, chapter I, in Count Hannibal:",
"text": "He was engaged in finding the steward, and in aiding him to cloak his mistress; then with a ruffling air, a new acquirement, which he had picked up since he came to Paris, he made a way for her through the crowd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-r9C1RHyi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-R0T0bY-g"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “Morte d’Arthur”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "[T]he barge with oar and sail / Moved from the brink, like some full-breasted swan / That, fluting a wild carol ere her death, / Ruffles her pure cold plume, and takes the flood / With swarthy webs.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To erect in a ruff, as feathers."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-NITQ0r8J"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-F6prqVEV",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The Seventh Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 165, lines 395–397:",
"text": "Within a thicket I reposed; when round / I ruffled up fall'n leaves in heap; and found, / Let fall from heaven, a sleep interminate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw together in a disorderly manner."
],
"id": "en-ruffle-en-verb-uG6dtK7G"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
}
],
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"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dust ruffle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (plural ruffles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She loved the dress with the lace ruffle at the hem.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A Matrimonial Tête-à-Tête”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 169:",
"text": "His dress was splendid; his hands glittered with rings, his snuff-box was covered with diamonds, and his ruffles were of the finest Mechlin lace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:",
"text": "Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any gathered or curled strip of fabric added as trim or decoration."
],
"links": [
[
"gathered",
"gathered"
],
[
"curled",
"curled"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to put the mind in a ruffle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Disturbance; agitation; commotion."
],
"links": [
[
"Disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"agitation",
"agitation"
],
[
"commotion",
"commotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"drum",
"drum"
],
[
"roll",
"roll"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"egg",
"egg"
],
[
"capsule",
"capsule"
],
[
"ootheca",
"ootheca"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"American",
"American"
],
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"gastropod",
"gastropod"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Fulgur",
"Fulgur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "frill"
},
{
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "furbelow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "volan",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "волан"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabor",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "набор"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "falbalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "röyhelö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falbala"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rüsche"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Krause"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falpalà"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frangia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frappa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "guarnitura"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volant"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "raffuru",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "ラッフル"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riša"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"word": "pōtete"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbana"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dobra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prega"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "babado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oborka",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "оборка"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjuza"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falba"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falbka"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wolant"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kružeńca"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krjózka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "volante"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strip of fabric",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krås"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌfəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruffle a few feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle any feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle feathers"
},
{
"word": "rufflement"
},
{
"word": "ruffler"
},
{
"word": "ruffle some feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle someone's feathers"
},
{
"word": "ruffle up"
},
{
"word": "ruffly"
},
{
"word": "unruffled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruffelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrufla",
"t": "to graze, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ruffelen",
"t": "to wrinkle, curl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ruyffelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruyffelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "ruffeln"
},
"expansion": "German Low German ruffeln",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruff"
},
"expansion": "English ruff",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffle (third-person singular simple present ruffles, present participle ruffling, simple past and past participle ruffled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ruffle the end of the cuff.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"links": [
[
"flute",
"flute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wind ruffled the papers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Her sudden volley of insults ruffled his composure.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Palamon and Arcite”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "She […]smoothed the ruffled seas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:",
"text": "the fantastic revelries […] that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Guinevere”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 227–228:",
"text": "But, ever after, the small violence done / Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart, / As the sharp wind that ruffles all day long / A little bitter pool about a stone / On the bare coast.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Sir William Hamilton, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet:",
"text": "These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, Knopf, page 114:",
"text": "\"Ladies and gentlemen,\" said Mr. Wonka, coming up close and raising both hands for silence. \"Please, I beg you, do not ruffle yourselves! There's nothing to worry about.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018 February 24, Paul Rees, “Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2018-04-22:",
"text": "[Finn] Russell created his side’s three first-half tries, ruffling a defence known for its composure, and dictated the match from the off.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
],
[
"flutter",
"flutter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perturb"
},
{
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"word": "upset"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:",
"text": "The night comes on, and the bleak winds / Do sorely ruffle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "On his right shoulder his thick mane ', / Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1622, Francis, Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban [i.e. Francis Bacon], The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh, […], London: […] W[illiam] Stansby for Matthew Lownes, and William Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "They would ruffle with jurors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1901, Stanley J. Weyman, chapter I, in Count Hannibal:",
"text": "He was engaged in finding the steward, and in aiding him to cloak his mistress; then with a ruffling air, a new acquirement, which he had picked up since he came to Paris, he made a way for her through the crowd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Alfred Tennyson, “Morte d’Arthur”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 16:",
"text": "[T]he barge with oar and sail / Moved from the brink, like some full-breasted swan / That, fluting a wild carol ere her death, / Ruffles her pure cold plume, and takes the flood / With swarthy webs.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To erect in a ruff, as feathers."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"ruff",
"ruff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The Seventh Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 165, lines 395–397:",
"text": "Within a thicket I reposed; when round / I ruffled up fall'n leaves in heap; and found, / Let fall from heaven, a sleep interminate.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw together in a disorderly manner."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruffle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg/En-us-ruffle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/En-us-ruffle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razrošvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "разрошвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabrǎčkvam",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "набръчквам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "röyhelöittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "ébouriffer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "soúfra",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "σούφρα"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "barrar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "promrsiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "razmrsiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to curl or flute",
"word": "retorcer"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "narušavam spokojstvieto",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "нарушавам спокойствието"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "liikuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "heilutella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to cause to flutter",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "värisyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "of hair or similar",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "pörröttää"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "tara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "rahurahu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to disturb",
"word": "agitar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ruffle"
],
"word": "ruffle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruffle meaning in English (19.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.