See perturb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for perturb meaning in English (6.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbedly"
}
],
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{
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"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perturbo",
"4": "perturbare",
"5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
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"past"
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{
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}
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"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-b-VNIZx3",
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "打扰"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-jl~pJX0D",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
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"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 67 10",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "13 16 60 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 16 60 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 17 56 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "9 15 66 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 16 60 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "9 18 64 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 67 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 59 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 27 52 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [
"Astronautics",
"Curves",
"Gravity",
"Space",
"Applied sciences",
"Shapes",
"Acceleration",
"Astrophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Geometry",
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"All topics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental",
"Formal sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 16 75 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
"word": "perturbar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-1d57O~Hv",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Orbits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"word": "perturbedly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben"
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"expansion": "Middle English perturben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perturbo",
"4": "perturbare",
"5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
],
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "打扰"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
"word": "perturbar"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.