See perturb on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perturbedly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perturben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perturbo",
"4": "perturbare",
"5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 32 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 31 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 22 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 22 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 22 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 22 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 26 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [
"Astronautics",
"Curves",
"Gravity",
"Space",
"Applied sciences",
"Shapes",
"Acceleration",
"Astrophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Geometry",
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"All topics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental",
"Formal sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-b-VNIZx3",
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"word": "upset"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "打擾 /打扰"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "desatentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "conturbar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 32 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 31 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 26 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [
"Astronautics",
"Curves",
"Gravity",
"Space",
"Applied sciences",
"Shapes",
"Acceleration",
"Astrophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Geometry",
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"All topics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental",
"Formal sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-jl~pJX0D",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 32 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 31 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 26 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [
"Astronautics",
"Curves",
"Gravity",
"Space",
"Applied sciences",
"Shapes",
"Acceleration",
"Astrophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Geometry",
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"All topics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental",
"Formal sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 20 66 13",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
"word": "perturbar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 32 34 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 28 31 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 28 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 23 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 28 26 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Orbits",
"orig": "en:Orbits",
"parents": [
"Astronautics",
"Curves",
"Gravity",
"Space",
"Applied sciences",
"Shapes",
"Acceleration",
"Astrophysics",
"Mechanics",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Geometry",
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"All topics",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental",
"Formal sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"id": "en-perturb-en-verb-1d57O~Hv",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "perturb",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perturba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba"
],
"id": "en-perturb-ro-verb-N61dB9qb",
"links": [
[
"perturba",
"perturba#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[perˈturb]"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Orbits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perturbation"
},
{
"word": "perturbative"
},
{
"word": "perturbed"
},
{
"word": "perturbedly"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perturben"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perturben",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "perturber"
},
"expansion": "Old French perturber",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perturbo",
"4": "perturbare",
"5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb"
},
"expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perturbs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perturbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To disturb; to bother or unsettle."
],
"links": [
[
"disturb",
"disturb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "agitate"
},
{
"word": "unsettle"
},
{
"word": "upset"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovel",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "խռովել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎrǎo",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "打擾 /打扰"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "verstoren"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "buair"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "forurolige"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vekke uro"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "gjøre forstyrret"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "skake (opp)"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "ryste"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "perturbar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "desatentar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle",
"word": "conturbar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force",
"word": "perturbar"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "perturb",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perturba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba"
],
"links": [
[
"perturba",
"perturba#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[perˈturb]"
}
],
"word": "perturb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perturb meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.