See perturb on Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbation" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbative" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbed" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "perturbedly" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "perturben" }, "expansion": "Middle English perturben", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "perturber" }, "expansion": "Old French perturber", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "perturbo", "4": "perturbare", "5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb" }, "expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "perturbs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perturbing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To disturb; to bother or unsettle." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-b-VNIZx3", "links": [ [ "disturb", "disturb" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "agitate" }, { "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "agitate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bother" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bring down" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "discompose" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disconcert" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "nonstandard" ], "word": "enturbulate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "mortify" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "perturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "put out" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "ruffle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "throw off balance" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "upset" } ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "xṙovel", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "խռովել" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smuštavam", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "смущавам" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎrǎo", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "打擾 /打扰" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "verstoren" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "buair" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "forurolige" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "vekke uro" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "gjøre forstyrret" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "skake (opp)" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ryste" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "desatentar" }, { "_dis1": "98 0 1 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "conturbar" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Physics", "orig": "en:Physics", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-jl~pJX0D", "links": [ [ "physics", "physics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "topics": [ "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Astronomy", "orig": "en:Astronomy", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "27 16 50 6", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "32 8 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 15 49 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 14 53 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Armenian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 14 47 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 52 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ido translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 11 51 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 14 52 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 10 58 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "29 13 49 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 21 35 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Orbits", "orig": "en:Orbits", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-2AxeTfgD", "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "5 16 71 8", "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force", "word": "perturbar" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "langcode": "en", "name": "Mathematics", "orig": "en:Mathematics", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "id": "en-perturb-en-verb-1d57O~Hv", "links": [ [ "mathematics", "mathematics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "topics": [ "mathematics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b" } ], "word": "perturb" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "perturb", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "perturba" } ], "glosses": [ "first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba" ], "id": "en-perturb-ro-verb-N61dB9qb", "links": [ [ "perturba", "perturba#Romanian" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[perˈturb]" } ], "word": "perturb" }
{ "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)b/2 syllables", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "en:Orbits" ], "derived": [ { "word": "perturbation" }, { "word": "perturbative" }, { "word": "perturbed" }, { "word": "perturbedly" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "perturben" }, "expansion": "Middle English perturben", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "perturber" }, "expansion": "Old French perturber", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "perturbo", "4": "perturbare", "5": "throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb" }, "expansion": "Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "perturbs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perturbing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perturbed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To disturb; to bother or unsettle." ], "links": [ [ "disturb", "disturb" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "agitate" }, { "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "agitate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bother" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "bring down" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "discompose" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disconcert" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "nonstandard" ], "word": "enturbulate" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "disturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "mortify" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "perturb" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "put out" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "ruffle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "throw off balance" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "unsettle" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:upset", "word": "upset" } ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Physics" ], "glosses": [ "To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "links": [ [ "physics", "physics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object." ], "topics": [ "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "physics" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Astronomy" ], "glosses": [ "To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "links": [ [ "astronomy", "astronomy" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force." ], "topics": [ "astronomy", "natural-sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Mathematics" ], "glosses": [ "To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "links": [ [ "mathematics", "mathematics" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value." ], "topics": [ "mathematics", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pɚˈtɝb/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perturb.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg/En-us-perturb.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/En-us-perturb.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)b" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "xṙovel", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "խռովել" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "smuštavam", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "смущавам" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎrǎo", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "打擾 /打扰" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "verstoren" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "buair" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "forurolige" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "vekke uro" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "gjøre forstyrret" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "skake (opp)" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "ryste" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "perturbar" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "desatentar" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to disturb; to bother or unsettle", "word": "conturbar" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force", "word": "perturbar" } ], "word": "perturb" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "perturb", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "Romanian non-lemma forms", "Romanian verb forms" ], "form_of": [ { "word": "perturba" } ], "glosses": [ "first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of perturba" ], "links": [ [ "perturba", "perturba#Romanian" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[perˈturb]" } ], "word": "perturb" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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