See grate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fire grate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fire-grate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "register grate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rocking grate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "step grate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grata"
},
"expansion": "Italian grata",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cratis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cratis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grate, from a Medieval Latin grāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (plural grates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"_dis": "22 7 3 24 20 5 15 4",
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{
"_dis": "19 7 2 22 22 5 18 5",
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"_dis": "38 14 4 44",
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"_dis": "35 21 8 36",
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{
"_dis": "19 8 3 21 22 6 17 4",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "44 5 2 49",
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"_dis": "34 16 8 42",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The grate stopped the sheep from escaping from their field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "a secret grate of iron bars",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A horizontal metal grill through which liquid, ash, or small objects can fall, while larger objects cannot."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-noun-3sA4i1G2",
"links": [
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"grill",
"grill"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skára",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ска́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rešétka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "реше́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "morrió"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lújià",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "爐架 /炉架"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìzi",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "箅子"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rooster"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "ritilä"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"english": "under fire",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "arina"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grade"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "hao hakahaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "hao manamana"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rács"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rácsozat"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rostély"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "grata"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "cancellī"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "clāthrī"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "mātiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hieet"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krata"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "grade"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rešótka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "решётка"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sétka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "gd",
"english": "at fireplace",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath-theine"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rejilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "ızgara"
}
]
},
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],
"glosses": [
"A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-noun-QnunUWJN",
"links": [
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 97 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skara",
"sense": "frame or bed for holding fuel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скара"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Herbert Walter Macklin, Monumental Brasses:",
"text": "Lances (only shown at Stoke D'Abernon) were commonly made of ash, about 13 feet long. A ring of metal (grate or grapper) was fastened to the shaft and during a fight[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, The Encyclopedia Americana, volume 16, page 683:",
"text": "[…] and a heavy metal ring, called the grate or graper, fastened to the shaft below the grip. The grate rested against the knight's breastplate and relieved the hand and arm of the full shock of contact. The metallic head (or socket) of the war lance was usually leaf shaped, while that of the tilting lance, at least from[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grapper, a metal ring on a lance behind the grip."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-noun-~4ONsTs6",
"links": [
[
"grapper",
"grapper"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A grapper, a metal ring on a lance behind the grip."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grill"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grata"
},
"expansion": "Italian grata",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cratis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cratis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grate, from a Medieval Latin grāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)",
"name": "en-verb"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grate a window",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-verb-wUF8T2aq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "grater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "grate upon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "grating"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratings"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "grater",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "Old French grater (“to scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "French gratter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krattōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krattōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krazzon"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krazzon",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scrawl"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scrawl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kradse"
},
"expansion": "Danish kradse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krassa",
"t": "to scrawl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kratte"
},
"expansion": "Danish kratte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graten, from Old French grater (“to scrape”) ( > French gratter), from Frankish *krattōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Cognate with Old High German krazzon ( > German kratzen (“to scrawl”) > Danish kradse), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”) and Danish kratte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grating",
"tags": [
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"present"
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{
"form": "grated",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "I need to grate the cheese before the potato is cooked.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-verb-jXwtJJbv",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
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[
"shred",
"shred"
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[
"rub",
"rub"
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[
"grater",
"grater"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, cooking) To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rasper"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bašar",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "بَشَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırıw",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "ҡырыу"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎrža",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "стържа"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nastǎrgvam",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "настъргвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "malen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspi"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raastaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "râper"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trívo",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "reszel"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "lereszel"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "törkätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "grattuggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "tarkuoti"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "pākēkē"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "pakepakē"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "waru"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "roroi"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "waruwaru"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "kyty"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "ralar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rade"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natirátʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naterétʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "натере́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "guayar"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "kuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "riva"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rendelemek"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "térty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "те́рти"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "natyráty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "natérty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нате́рти"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tseraybn",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "צערײַבן"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 13 5 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "raybn",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "רײַבן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part 3 Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling\nThe gate suddenly grated. It was Lestiboudois; he came to fetch his spade, that he had forgotten. He recognised Justin climbing over the wall, and at last knew who was the culprit who stole his potatoes."
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. […] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "Listening to his teeth grate all day long drives me mad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The chalk grated against the board.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-verb-y9aMIr66",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎrcam",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "скърцам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narskua"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narista"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kitistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "csikorog"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "nyikorog"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "korskaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narskaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "stridere"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "ngākeke"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "tiotio"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "pakakū"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kakū"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kukū"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "rechinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 92 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "gnissla"
}
]
},
{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She’s nice enough, but she can begin to grate if there is no-one else to talk to.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-verb-iLNlKNEL",
"links": [
[
"get on one's nerves",
"get on one's nerves"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, intransitive) To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "op de zenuwen werken"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "irriteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "vervelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "raastaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "ärsyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 87 10",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "kuna"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 14 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2015, Art Levy in Florida Trend, Roland Martin is a Florida 'Icon'\none of the issues that's kind of grating me a little bit is weed control."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "News, my good lord Rome […] grates me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-verb-Pdb0foto",
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, transitive) To annoy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "grātus",
"t": "agreeable"
},
"expansion": "Latin grātus (“agreeable”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin grātus (“agreeable”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more grate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most grate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 7 16 8 4 20 19 4 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1677, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Africa and Asia the Great:",
"text": "Coho or Coffee[…]however ingrate or insapory it seems at first, it becomes grate and delicious enough by custom.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serving to gratify; agreeable."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-adj-n7nIuays",
"links": [
[
"gratify",
"gratify"
],
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Serving to gratify; agreeable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "more grate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most grate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (comparative more grate, superlative most grate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "great"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1815, Mary Woody, A true account of Nayomy Wise\nHe promisd her a grate reward"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of great."
],
"id": "en-grate-en-adj-i4sz7wdz",
"links": [
[
"great",
"great#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fire grate"
},
{
"word": "fire-grate"
},
{
"word": "register grate"
},
{
"word": "rocking grate"
},
{
"word": "step grate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grata"
},
"expansion": "Italian grata",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cratis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cratis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grate, from a Medieval Latin grāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (plural grates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The grate stopped the sheep from escaping from their field.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv]:",
"text": "a secret grate of iron bars",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A horizontal metal grill through which liquid, ash, or small objects can fall, while larger objects cannot."
],
"links": [
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"grill",
"grill"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning."
],
"links": [
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"burn",
"burn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Herbert Walter Macklin, Monumental Brasses:",
"text": "Lances (only shown at Stoke D'Abernon) were commonly made of ash, about 13 feet long. A ring of metal (grate or grapper) was fastened to the shaft and during a fight[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1980, The Encyclopedia Americana, volume 16, page 683:",
"text": "[…] and a heavy metal ring, called the grate or graper, fastened to the shaft below the grip. The grate rested against the knight's breastplate and relieved the hand and arm of the full shock of contact. The metallic head (or socket) of the war lance was usually leaf shaped, while that of the tilting lance, at least from[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grapper, a metal ring on a lance behind the grip."
],
"links": [
[
"grapper",
"grapper"
],
[
"lance",
"lance"
],
[
"grip",
"grip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A grapper, a metal ring on a lance behind the grip."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grill"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skára",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ска́ра"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rešétka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "реше́тка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "morrió"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lújià",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "爐架 /炉架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bìzi",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "箅子"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rooster"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "ritilä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "under fire",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "arina"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rost"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Gitter"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "hao hakahaka"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "hao manamana"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rács"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rácsozat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "rostély"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "grata"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "cancellī"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "clāthrī"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "mātiti"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hieet"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krata"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "grade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rešótka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "решётка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sétka",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́тка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"english": "at fireplace",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cliath-theine"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rejilla"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "horizontal metal grill",
"word": "ızgara"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skara",
"sense": "frame or bed for holding fuel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скара"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grata"
},
"expansion": "Italian grata",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cratis"
},
"expansion": "Latin cratis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grate, from a Medieval Latin grāta, from a Latin word for a hurdle; or Italian grata, from Latin cratis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grate a window",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Danish translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Requests for review of Maori translations",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Requests for review of Portuguese translations",
"Requests for review of Swahili translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grater"
},
{
"word": "grate upon"
},
{
"word": "grating"
},
{
"word": "gratings"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graten",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "grater",
"t": "to scrape"
},
"expansion": "Old French grater (“to scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "French gratter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krattōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krattōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krazzon"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krazzon",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scrawl"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scrawl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kradse"
},
"expansion": "Danish kradse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "krassa",
"t": "to scrawl"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kratte"
},
"expansion": "Danish kratte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graten, from Old French grater (“to scrape”) ( > French gratter), from Frankish *krattōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Cognate with Old High German krazzon ( > German kratzen (“to scrawl”) > Danish kradse), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”) and Danish kratte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Cooking"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I need to grate the cheese before the potato is cooked.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"shred",
"shred"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"grater",
"grater"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, cooking) To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part 3 Chapter X, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling\nThe gate suddenly grated. It was Lestiboudois; he came to fetch his spade, that he had forgotten. He recognised Justin climbing over the wall, and at last knew who was the culprit who stole his potatoes."
},
{
"ref": "1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. […] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "Listening to his teeth grate all day long drives me mad.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The chalk grated against the board.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make an unpleasant rasping sound, often as the result of rubbing against something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She’s nice enough, but she can begin to grate if there is no-one else to talk to.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy."
],
"links": [
[
"get on one's nerves",
"get on one's nerves"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, intransitive) To get on one's nerves; to irritate, annoy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2015, Art Levy in Florida Trend, Roland Martin is a Florida 'Icon'\none of the issues that's kind of grating me a little bit is weed control."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "News, my good lord Rome […] grates me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy."
],
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, transitive) To annoy."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rasper"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bašar",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "بَشَر"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "sürtmək"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qırıw",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "ҡырыу"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stǎrža",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "стържа"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nastǎrgvam",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "настъргвам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "malen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raastaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "râper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "reiben"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "trívo",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "τρίβω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "reszel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "lereszel"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "törkätä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "grattuggiare"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "tarkuoti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "pākēkē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "pakepakē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "waru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "roroi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "waruwaru"
},
{
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "kyty"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "ralar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "terétʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "тере́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "natirátʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naterétʹ",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "натере́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rallar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "guayar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "kuna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "riva"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "rendelemek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "térty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "те́рти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "natyráty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "натира́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "natérty",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нате́рти"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tseraybn",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "צערײַבן"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "raybn",
"sense": "cooking: to shred by rubbing",
"word": "רײַבן"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎrcam",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "скърцам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narskua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kitistä"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "csikorog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "nyikorog"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "korskaa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "narskaa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "stridere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "ngākeke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "tiotio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "pakakū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kakū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "kukū"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "rechinar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make an unpleasant rasping sound",
"word": "gnissla"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "draznja",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "дразня"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "op de zenuwen werken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "irriteren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "vervelen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "raastaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "ärsyttää"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to grate on one's nerves, irritate",
"word": "kuna"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "grātus",
"t": "agreeable"
},
"expansion": "Latin grātus (“agreeable”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin grātus (“agreeable”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more grate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most grate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (comparative more grate, superlative most grate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1677, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Africa and Asia the Great:",
"text": "Coho or Coffee[…]however ingrate or insapory it seems at first, it becomes grate and delicious enough by custom.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serving to gratify; agreeable."
],
"links": [
[
"gratify",
"gratify"
],
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Serving to gratify; agreeable."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "more grate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most grate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grate (comparative more grate, superlative most grate)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "great"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1815, Mary Woody, A true account of Nayomy Wise\nHe promisd her a grate reward"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of great."
],
"links": [
[
"great",
"great#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "grāt"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹeɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg/En-us-grate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-grate.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "great"
}
],
"word": "grate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grate meaning in English (27.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.