See public in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for public meaning in English (64.9kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "private"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "certified public accountant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "go public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "initial public offering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "make a public spectacle of oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "non-public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "no one ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "notary public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "online public access catalog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public access"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public access television"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public address system"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public administration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publican"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public art"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public assistance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public authorities"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public authority"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public body"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public bookcase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public comment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public convenience"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public credit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public debt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public defender"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public diplomacy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public display of affection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public domain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public domainness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public enemy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public enemy number one"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public eye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public figure"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public finance"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public Friend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public funds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public good"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public health"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public health funeral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Public Health System"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public hearing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-hearted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public historian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public history"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public holiday"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public hotel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public housing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public image"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public indecency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public information officer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public intellectual"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public interest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public international law"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public intoxication"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public Ivy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public key"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public key certificate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public key cryptography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-key cryptography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public knowledge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public law"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public leaning post"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public library"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public life"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public limited company"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public limited liability company"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicly held"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-minded"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public offering"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public office"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public officer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public opinion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public orator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public ownership"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public place"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public policy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public private partnership"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-private partnership"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public property"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public purse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public record"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-relations"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public rhetoric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public safety announcement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public school"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-school"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-sector"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public sector"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public servant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public service"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public service announcement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public space"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public speaker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public speaking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public sphere pedagogy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public spirit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public square"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public telephone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public television"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public toilet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public transit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public transport"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public transportation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public trust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public trustee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public utility"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public walk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public woman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "public works"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "weal-public"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publik"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publik",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "public"
},
"expansion": "public",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "public"
},
"expansion": "Middle French public",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "publique"
},
"expansion": "publique",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicus",
"4": "",
"5": "pertaining to the people"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "people",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceorlfolc"
},
"expansion": "Old English ceorlfolc",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folclic"
},
"expansion": "Old English folclic",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman publik, public, Middle French public, publique et al., and their source, Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”). Compare people.\nDisplaced native Old English ceorlfolc and Old English folclic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more public",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most public",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "public (comparative more public, superlative most public)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "population"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publican"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publication"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "republic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 April 18, Sandra Laville, The Guardian",
"text": "Earlier this month Godwin had to make a public apology to the family of Daniel Morgan after the collapse of a £30m inquiry into his murder in 1987.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21",
"text": "Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic[…]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Able to be seen or known by everyone; open to general view, happening without concealment."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-majGC0XQ",
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "asıq",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "асыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xalıq ösön asıq",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "халыҡ өсөн асыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "públičen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "пу́бличен"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštodostǎ́pen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "общодостъ́пен"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoebrivi",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "საზოგადოებრივი"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "öffentlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "awam"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "marake"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "mārakerake"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "prubbeco"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščedostúpnyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "общедосту́пный"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "javni"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "สาธารณะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 4 5 3 4 3",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "xelq"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 18 16 14 6 2 15 2 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010 September 16, Adam Vaughan, The Guardian",
"text": "A mere 3% of the more than 1,000 people interviewed said they actually knew what the conference was about. It seems safe to say public awareness of the Convention on Biological Awareness in Nagoya - and its goal of safeguarding wildlife - is close to non-existent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19",
"text": "In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group); concerning the whole country, community etc."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-T7pHapoE",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"private",
"private"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāmm",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عَامّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕalaniyy",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عَلَنِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "raiz",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ৰাইজ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ellik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ümumi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádski",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "грама́дскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "foran"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstven",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "обще́ствен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "públic"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōnggòng",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "veřejný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoebrivi",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საზოგადოებრივი"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇oveltao",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საყოველთაო"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "öffentlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "जनता"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "opinber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"alt": "こうしゅうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōshū no",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "公衆の"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gongjung-ui",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "공중(公衆)의"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "publičen",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "публичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "o te katoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publyi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmennt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'omumi",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عمومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publiczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "poblach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "jȃvnī"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ја̑внӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "verejný"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "javen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmän"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "umumī",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "умумӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iwdan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prajā",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ప్రజా"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "สาธารณชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "má-hǎa-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "มหาชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ประชาชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "грома́дський"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "công cộng"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "degme"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 57 8 6 4 24",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "deg"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 18 16 14 6 2 15 2 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 June 18, “The Guardian”, in Leader",
"text": "But culture's total budget is a tiny proportion of all public spending; it is one of the government's most visible success stories.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the state on behalf of the community."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-oNe4istG"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 18 16 14 6 2 15 2 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 May 10, David Smith, The Guardian",
"text": "Some are left for dead on rubbish tips, in refuge bags or at public toilets.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18",
"text": "Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Open to all members of a community; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-rLaiI1ly",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"authorities",
"authorities"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "açıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ümumi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ellik"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "asıq",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "асыҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštestven",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "обществен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōnggòng",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "veřejný"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇oveltao",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "საყოველთაო"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "közösségi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"alt": "こうきょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyō",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggong-ui",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "공공(公共)의"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "عمومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "публи́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "poblach"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bāhāṭamu",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "బాహాటము"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "công cộng"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 16 68 2 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "sariye"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Traded publicly via a stock market."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-IJvA7zXe",
"links": [
[
"Traded",
"trade"
],
[
"stock market",
"stock market"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a company) Traded publicly via a stock market."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a company"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publičen",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "публичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "pörssi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koino-",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "κοινο-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "terbuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sangjang-ui",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "상장(上場)의"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vēlaṁ",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "వేలం"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 19 16 9 42 10",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sarvani"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Object-oriented programming",
"orig": "en:Object-oriented programming",
"parents": [
"Programming",
"Computing",
"Software engineering",
"Technology",
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Media",
"Fundamental",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Accessible to the program in general, not only to the class or any subclasses."
],
"id": "en-public-en-adj-rWg-RJPo",
"links": [
[
"object-oriented programming",
"object-oriented programming"
],
[
"Accessible",
"accessible"
],
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"subclass",
"subclass"
]
],
"qualifier": "object-oriented programming",
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable, object-oriented programming) Accessible to the program in general, not only to the class or any subclasses."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌblɪk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-public.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg/En-us-public.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "publique"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "dövlət"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádski",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "грама́дскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "publíčny",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публі́чны"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstven",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "обще́ствен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publíčen",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публи́чен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "overheids-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "staats-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "julkisoikeudellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxelmc̣ipo",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "სახელმწიფო"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "publiczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "estatal"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публи́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "statlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prabhutva nidhi",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "ప్రభుత్వ నిధి"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "สาธารณะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "грома́дський"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 14 37 40 4 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dewlet"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"public"
],
"word": "public"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antipublic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "general public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Joe Public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "John Q. Public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "member of the public"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "public relations"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "public-spirited"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publik"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publik",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "public"
},
"expansion": "public",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "public"
},
"expansion": "Middle French public",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "publique"
},
"expansion": "publique",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicus",
"4": "",
"5": "pertaining to the people"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "people",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceorlfolc"
},
"expansion": "Old English ceorlfolc",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folclic"
},
"expansion": "Old English folclic",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman publik, public, Middle French public, publique et al., and their source, Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”). Compare people.\nDisplaced native Old English ceorlfolc and Old English folclic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "public (plural publics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 18 16 14 6 2 15 2 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Members of the public may not proceed beyond this point.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 4, Martin Jacques, The Guardian",
"text": "Bush and Blair stand condemned by their own publics and face imminent political extinction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group."
],
"id": "en-public-en-noun-UUB~4agz",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jumhūr",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جُمْهُور"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāmma",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَامَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hasarakutʿyun",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "հասարակություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ictimaiyyət"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "camaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́бліка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádzkascʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грама́дзкасць"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́блика"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstvenost",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обще́ственост"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gung¹ zung³",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "daai⁶ zung³",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veřejnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "offentlighed"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "publiko"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "avalikkus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "yleisö"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗubliḳa",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "პუბლიკა"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoeba",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "საზოგადოება"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xalxi",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ხალხი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Publikum"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Öffentlichkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinó",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινό"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "piblik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsibúr",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "צִבּוּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kahál",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קהל"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जनता"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "अवाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarvajan",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "सर्वजन"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lok",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "लोक"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jansādhāraṇ",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "जनसाधारण"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jansāmānya",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "जनसामान्य"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lok-jan",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "लोक-जन"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "nagyközönség"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "nyilvánosság"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "almenningur"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "khalayak"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "publik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "na daoine"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "an pobal"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"alt": "たいしゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taishū",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大衆"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"alt": "こうきょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyō",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "äleumet",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "әлеумет"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūrtşylyq",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "жұртшылық"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "mɔhaacŭən",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "មហាជន"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑndaa riəh",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "បណ្ដារាស្ត្រ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saathiərĕəʼnaʼ cŭən",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "សាធារណជន"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək phɑɑng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "អ្នកផង"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"alt": "大衆",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daejung",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "대중"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"alt": "公共",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggong",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "공공"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "koomculuk",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "коомчулук"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sā thā la na son",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ສາທາລະນະຊົນ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sā thā la na",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ສາທາລະນະ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "publicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vulgus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sabiedrība"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "visuomenė"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javnost",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "јавност"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "marea"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "olon niit",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "олон нийт"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ard olon",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ард олон"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "allmennhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "nb",
"english": "the public",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "offentligheten"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "folc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'omum",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "عُموم"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "społeczeństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਜਨਤਾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ਅਵਾਮ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "public"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennostʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обще́ственность"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́блика"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naród",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наро́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sluagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ја́вно̄ст"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу̀блика"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "jávnōst"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pùblika"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "kúun móeng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ၵူၼ်းမိူင်း"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verejnosť"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "javnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "público"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"class-12",
"class-14"
],
"word": "umma"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "allmänhet"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "madla"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "bayan"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "umum",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "умум"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prajalu",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ప్రజలు"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "สาธารณชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "má-hǎa-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "มหาชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ประชาชน"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "halk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "köpçülik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkistʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грома́дськість"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́бліка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "'avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "عَوام"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jama'et",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "جامائەت"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "köpchilik",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "كۆپچىلىك"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "awam",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ئاۋام"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "jamoatchilik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "jamoat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "avom"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "công chúng"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "xã hội"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "cyhoedd"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oylem",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עולם"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sar (diq)"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 0 0 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "şar (diq)"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Donald Treadwell, Jill B. Treadwell, Public Relations Writing: Principles in Practice, page 19",
"text": "To the extent that you will use them to reach many other publics, the news media will also be one of your publics.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particular group or demographic to be targeted."
],
"id": "en-public-en-noun-QUQIP78i",
"links": [
[
"demographic",
"demographic"
]
],
"qualifier": "public relations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(public relations) A particular group or demographic to be targeted."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 18 13 10 8 3 12 2 25 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 11 7 6 4 11 4 36 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 13 10 9 4 11 5 24 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 18 16 14 6 2 15 2 20 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A public house; an inn."
],
"id": "en-public-en-noun-qeY6OTzB",
"links": [
[
"public house",
"public house"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A public house; an inn."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Non-native speakers' English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 January 7, Alexander Grigoryev, “Russian public: PMC \"Wagner\" fighters report that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are using unidentified chemical weapons in Artemovsk”, in Military Review",
"text": "Russian publics report that the fighters of the Wagner group have already practically taken possession of Soledar, there are fights on the outskirts, where the Vushniks are trying to fight back in the salt mines.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December, Iryna Rudia, Vaiva Zuzevičiūtė, Olena Gogorenko, Public Security and Public Order, number 34, Kaunas: Mykolas Romeris University, →DOI, pages 219 of 218–225",
"text": "Complex inductions are unconscious powerful components of influence. They include the following varieties:\n[…] 4) Truisms. The term comes from the English word \"true\", which means \"truth\". Therefore, under truism it is accepted to understand banal truths, i.e. something that in principle does not require confirmation, but it is so banal and common knowledge that it is rather strange to base on it, but here again there is a \"but\". In our subconsciousness we perceive it as a certain axiom, and this axiom is interpreted by our subconsciousness itself. As an example, the phrase \"In matters of war, Russia is Russia, and Ukraine is Ukraine\" was repeatedly encountered in Russian publics. In principle, there is no sense in this phrase, because not a single fact is given. However, each of the readers interpreted it for himself, and putting the word \"Russia\" in the foreground makes a hint that Russia is stronger than Ukraine in military terms, but the phrase itself does not express such a meaning extra-linguistically.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An internet publication. Calque of Russian and Ukrainian па́блик (páblyk), па́блік (páblik)."
],
"id": "en-public-en-noun-jArETiLM",
"links": [
[
"non-native speaker",
"non-native speaker"
],
[
"internet",
"internet"
],
[
"publication",
"publication"
],
[
"па́блик",
"паблик#Ukrainian"
],
[
"па́блік",
"паблік#Ukrainian"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-native speakers' English",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-native speakers' English) An internet publication. Calque of Russian and Ukrainian па́блик (páblyk), па́блік (páblik)."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌblɪk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-public.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg/En-us-public.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "publike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "publique"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"public"
],
"word": "public"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "private"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Manx translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Slovene translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌblɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ʌblɪk/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "certified public accountant"
},
{
"word": "go public"
},
{
"word": "initial public offering"
},
{
"word": "in public"
},
{
"word": "make a public spectacle of oneself"
},
{
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the good taste of the American public"
},
{
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public"
},
{
"word": "nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public"
},
{
"word": "non-public"
},
{
"word": "no one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American public"
},
{
"word": "no one ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public"
},
{
"word": "notary public"
},
{
"word": "online public access catalog"
},
{
"word": "public access"
},
{
"word": "public access television"
},
{
"word": "public address system"
},
{
"word": "public administration"
},
{
"word": "publically"
},
{
"word": "publican"
},
{
"word": "public art"
},
{
"word": "public assistance"
},
{
"word": "public authorities"
},
{
"word": "public authority"
},
{
"word": "public body"
},
{
"word": "public bookcase"
},
{
"word": "public comment"
},
{
"word": "public convenience"
},
{
"word": "public credit"
},
{
"word": "public debt"
},
{
"word": "public defender"
},
{
"word": "public diplomacy"
},
{
"word": "public display of affection"
},
{
"word": "public domain"
},
{
"word": "public domainness"
},
{
"word": "public enemy"
},
{
"word": "public enemy number one"
},
{
"word": "public eye"
},
{
"word": "public figure"
},
{
"word": "public finance"
},
{
"word": "public Friend"
},
{
"word": "public funds"
},
{
"word": "public good"
},
{
"word": "public health"
},
{
"word": "public health funeral"
},
{
"word": "Public Health System"
},
{
"word": "public hearing"
},
{
"word": "public-hearted"
},
{
"word": "public historian"
},
{
"word": "public history"
},
{
"word": "public holiday"
},
{
"word": "public hotel"
},
{
"word": "public house"
},
{
"word": "public-house"
},
{
"word": "public housing"
},
{
"word": "public image"
},
{
"word": "public indecency"
},
{
"word": "public information officer"
},
{
"word": "public intellectual"
},
{
"word": "public interest"
},
{
"word": "public international law"
},
{
"word": "public intoxication"
},
{
"word": "public Ivy"
},
{
"word": "public key"
},
{
"word": "public key certificate"
},
{
"word": "public key cryptography"
},
{
"word": "public-key cryptography"
},
{
"word": "public knowledge"
},
{
"word": "public law"
},
{
"word": "public leaning post"
},
{
"word": "public library"
},
{
"word": "public life"
},
{
"word": "public limited company"
},
{
"word": "public limited liability company"
},
{
"word": "publicly held"
},
{
"word": "public-minded"
},
{
"word": "publicness"
},
{
"word": "public offering"
},
{
"word": "public office"
},
{
"word": "public officer"
},
{
"word": "public opinion"
},
{
"word": "public orator"
},
{
"word": "public ownership"
},
{
"word": "public place"
},
{
"word": "public policy"
},
{
"word": "public private partnership"
},
{
"word": "public-private partnership"
},
{
"word": "public property"
},
{
"word": "public purse"
},
{
"word": "public record"
},
{
"word": "public-relations"
},
{
"word": "public rhetoric"
},
{
"word": "public safety announcement"
},
{
"word": "public school"
},
{
"word": "public-school"
},
{
"word": "public-sector"
},
{
"word": "public sector"
},
{
"word": "public servant"
},
{
"word": "public service"
},
{
"word": "public service announcement"
},
{
"word": "public space"
},
{
"word": "public speaker"
},
{
"word": "public speaking"
},
{
"word": "public sphere pedagogy"
},
{
"word": "public spirit"
},
{
"word": "public square"
},
{
"word": "public telephone"
},
{
"word": "public television"
},
{
"word": "public toilet"
},
{
"word": "public transit"
},
{
"word": "public transport"
},
{
"word": "public transportation"
},
{
"word": "public trust"
},
{
"word": "public trustee"
},
{
"word": "public utility"
},
{
"word": "public walk"
},
{
"word": "public woman"
},
{
"word": "public works"
},
{
"word": "weal-public"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publik"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publik",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "public"
},
"expansion": "public",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "public"
},
"expansion": "Middle French public",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "publique"
},
"expansion": "publique",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicus",
"4": "",
"5": "pertaining to the people"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "people",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceorlfolc"
},
"expansion": "Old English ceorlfolc",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folclic"
},
"expansion": "Old English folclic",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman publik, public, Middle French public, publique et al., and their source, Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”). Compare people.\nDisplaced native Old English ceorlfolc and Old English folclic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more public",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most public",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "public (comparative more public, superlative most public)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "people"
},
{
"word": "population"
},
{
"word": "pub"
},
{
"word": "publican"
},
{
"word": "publication"
},
{
"word": "publicise"
},
{
"word": "publicize"
},
{
"word": "publicist"
},
{
"word": "publicity"
},
{
"word": "publicly"
},
{
"word": "publish"
},
{
"word": "republic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 April 18, Sandra Laville, The Guardian",
"text": "Earlier this month Godwin had to make a public apology to the family of Daniel Morgan after the collapse of a £30m inquiry into his murder in 1987.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21",
"text": "Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic[…]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger, leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Able to be seen or known by everyone; open to general view, happening without concealment."
],
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010 September 16, Adam Vaughan, The Guardian",
"text": "A mere 3% of the more than 1,000 people interviewed said they actually knew what the conference was about. It seems safe to say public awareness of the Convention on Biological Awareness in Nagoya - and its goal of safeguarding wildlife - is close to non-existent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19",
"text": "In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […] The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group); concerning the whole country, community etc."
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"private",
"private"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 June 18, “The Guardian”, in Leader",
"text": "But culture's total budget is a tiny proportion of all public spending; it is one of the government's most visible success stories.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the state on behalf of the community."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 May 10, David Smith, The Guardian",
"text": "Some are left for dead on rubbish tips, in refuge bags or at public toilets.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18",
"text": "Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Open to all members of a community; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes."
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"authorities",
"authorities"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Traded publicly via a stock market."
],
"links": [
[
"Traded",
"trade"
],
[
"stock market",
"stock market"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a company) Traded publicly via a stock market."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a company"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Object-oriented programming"
],
"glosses": [
"Accessible to the program in general, not only to the class or any subclasses."
],
"links": [
[
"object-oriented programming",
"object-oriented programming"
],
[
"Accessible",
"accessible"
],
[
"program",
"program"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"subclass",
"subclass"
]
],
"qualifier": "object-oriented programming",
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable, object-oriented programming) Accessible to the program in general, not only to the class or any subclasses."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌblɪk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-public.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg/En-us-public.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "publick"
},
{
"word": "publicke"
},
{
"word": "publike"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "publique"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "asıq",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "асыҡ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "xalıq ösön asıq",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "халыҡ өсөн асыҡ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "públičen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "пу́бличен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštodostǎ́pen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "общодостъ́пен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoebrivi",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "საზოგადოებრივი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "öffentlich"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "awam"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "marake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "mārakerake"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "prubbeco"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščedostúpnyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "общедосту́пный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "javni"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "สาธารณะ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "able to be seen by or known to everybody",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "xelq"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāmm",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عَامّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕalaniyy",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عَلَنِيّ"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "raiz",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ৰাইজ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ellik"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ümumi"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádski",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "грама́дскі"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "foran"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstven",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "обще́ствен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "públic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōnggòng",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "veřejný"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoebrivi",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საზოგადოებრივი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇oveltao",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საყოველთაო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "öffentlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "जनता"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "opinber"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"alt": "こうしゅうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōshū no",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "公衆の"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gongjung-ui",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "공중(公衆)의"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "publičen",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "публичен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "o te katoa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publyi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmenn"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmennt"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'omumi",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "عمومی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "publiczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "poblach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "jȃvnī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ја̑внӣ"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "verejný"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "javen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "offentlig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "allmän"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "umumī",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "умумӣ"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "iwdan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prajā",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ప్రజా"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "สาธารณชน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "má-hǎa-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "มหาชน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-chon",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "ประชาชน"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "грома́дський"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "công cộng"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "degme"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "pertaining to people as a whole",
"word": "deg"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "dövlət"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádski",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "грама́дскі"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "publíčny",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публі́чны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstven",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "обще́ствен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publíčen",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публи́чен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "overheids-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "staats-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "julkisoikeudellinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saxelmc̣ipo",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "სახელმწიფო"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "publiczny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "estatal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публи́чный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "statlig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prabhutva nidhi",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "ప్రభుత్వ నిధి"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "สาธารณะ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "грома́дський"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "provided (by the government) for the community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dewlet"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕumūmiyy",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "عُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ictimai"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "açıq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ümumi"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "ellik"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "asıq",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "асыҡ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštestven",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "обществен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōnggòng",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "veřejný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "openbaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "yleinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "julkinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saǯaro",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "საჯარო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saq̇oveltao",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "საყოველთაო"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimósios",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinós",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "κοινός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "dēmósios",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "δημόσιος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "köz-"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "közösségi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "nyilvános"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "umum"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "poiblí"
},
{
"alt": "こうきょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyō",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saatʰierea’na’",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "សាធារណៈ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggong-ui",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "공공(公共)의"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "publicus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javen",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "јавен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "tūmatanui"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "عمومی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "публи́чный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "обще́ственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otkrýtyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "откры́тый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "poblach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "pangmadla"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "bāhāṭamu",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "బాహాటము"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publíčnyj",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "публі́чний"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "công cộng"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "open to all members of a community",
"word": "sariye"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publičen",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "публичен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "pörssi-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koino-",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "κοινο-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsiburí",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ציבורי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sārvajnik",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "सार्वजनिक"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "terbuka"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sangjang-ui",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "상장(上場)의"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vēlaṁ",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"word": "వేలం"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "publicly traded",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sarvani"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"public"
],
"word": "public"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Central Kurdish translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Manx translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Slovene translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌblɪk",
"Rhymes:English/ʌblɪk/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antipublic"
},
{
"word": "general public"
},
{
"word": "Joe Public"
},
{
"word": "John Q. Public"
},
{
"word": "member of the public"
},
{
"word": "public relations"
},
{
"word": "public-spirited"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publik"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publik",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "public"
},
"expansion": "public",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "public"
},
"expansion": "Middle French public",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "publique"
},
"expansion": "publique",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicus",
"4": "",
"5": "pertaining to the people"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "people",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ceorlfolc"
},
"expansion": "Old English ceorlfolc",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folclic"
},
"expansion": "Old English folclic",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman publik, public, Middle French public, publique et al., and their source, Latin pūblicus (“pertaining to the people”). Compare people.\nDisplaced native Old English ceorlfolc and Old English folclic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publics",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "public (plural publics)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Members of the public may not proceed beyond this point.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 4, Martin Jacques, The Guardian",
"text": "Bush and Blair stand condemned by their own publics and face imminent political extinction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Donald Treadwell, Jill B. Treadwell, Public Relations Writing: Principles in Practice, page 19",
"text": "To the extent that you will use them to reach many other publics, the news media will also be one of your publics.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particular group or demographic to be targeted."
],
"links": [
[
"demographic",
"demographic"
]
],
"qualifier": "public relations",
"raw_glosses": [
"(public relations) A particular group or demographic to be targeted."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A public house; an inn."
],
"links": [
[
"public house",
"public house"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A public house; an inn."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms calqued from Russian",
"English terms calqued from Ukrainian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Ukrainian",
"English terms with quotations",
"Non-native speakers' English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 January 7, Alexander Grigoryev, “Russian public: PMC \"Wagner\" fighters report that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are using unidentified chemical weapons in Artemovsk”, in Military Review",
"text": "Russian publics report that the fighters of the Wagner group have already practically taken possession of Soledar, there are fights on the outskirts, where the Vushniks are trying to fight back in the salt mines.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 December, Iryna Rudia, Vaiva Zuzevičiūtė, Olena Gogorenko, Public Security and Public Order, number 34, Kaunas: Mykolas Romeris University, →DOI, pages 219 of 218–225",
"text": "Complex inductions are unconscious powerful components of influence. They include the following varieties:\n[…] 4) Truisms. The term comes from the English word \"true\", which means \"truth\". Therefore, under truism it is accepted to understand banal truths, i.e. something that in principle does not require confirmation, but it is so banal and common knowledge that it is rather strange to base on it, but here again there is a \"but\". In our subconsciousness we perceive it as a certain axiom, and this axiom is interpreted by our subconsciousness itself. As an example, the phrase \"In matters of war, Russia is Russia, and Ukraine is Ukraine\" was repeatedly encountered in Russian publics. In principle, there is no sense in this phrase, because not a single fact is given. However, each of the readers interpreted it for himself, and putting the word \"Russia\" in the foreground makes a hint that Russia is stronger than Ukraine in military terms, but the phrase itself does not express such a meaning extra-linguistically.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An internet publication. Calque of Russian and Ukrainian па́блик (páblyk), па́блік (páblik)."
],
"links": [
[
"non-native speaker",
"non-native speaker"
],
[
"internet",
"internet"
],
[
"publication",
"publication"
],
[
"па́блик",
"паблик#Ukrainian"
],
[
"па́блік",
"паблік#Ukrainian"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-native speakers' English",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-native speakers' English) An internet publication. Calque of Russian and Ukrainian па́блик (páblyk), па́блік (páblik)."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌblɪk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-public.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg/En-us-public.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/En-us-public.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "publick"
},
{
"word": "publicke"
},
{
"word": "publike"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "publique"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publik"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jumhūr",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جُمْهُور"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāmma",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "عَامَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hasarakutʿyun",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "հասարակություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ictimaiyyət"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "camaat"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́бліка"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hramádzkascʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грама́дзкасць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́блика"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštéstvenost",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обще́ственост"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gung¹ zung³",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "daai⁶ zung³",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "veřejnost"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "offentlighed"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "publiek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "publiko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "avalikkus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "yleisö"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗubliḳa",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "პუბლიკა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sazogadoeba",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "საზოგადოება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xalxi",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ხალხი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Publikum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Öffentlichkeit"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinó",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινό"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "piblik"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsibúr",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "צִבּוּר"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kahál",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קהל"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "जनता"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "अवाम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarvajan",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "सर्वजन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lok",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "लोक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jansādhāraṇ",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "जनसाधारण"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jansāmānya",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "जनसामान्य"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lok-jan",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "लोक-जन"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "nagyközönség"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "nyilvánosság"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "almenningur"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "khalayak"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "publik"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "na daoine"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "an pobal"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblico"
},
{
"alt": "たいしゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taishū",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "大衆"
},
{
"alt": "こうきょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōkyō",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "公共"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "äleumet",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "әлеумет"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "jūrtşylyq",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "жұртшылық"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "mɔhaacŭən",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "មហាជន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "bɑɑbɑndaa riəh",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "បណ្ដារាស្ត្រ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "saathiərĕəʼnaʼ cŭən",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "សាធារណជន"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək phɑɑng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "អ្នកផង"
},
{
"alt": "大衆",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daejung",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "대중"
},
{
"alt": "公共",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gonggong",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "공공"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "koomculuk",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "коомчулук"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sā thā la na son",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ສາທາລະນະຊົນ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sā thā la na",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ສາທາລະນະ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "publicum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vulgus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sabiedrība"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "visuomenė"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "javnost",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "јавност"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "marea"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "olon niit",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "олон нийт"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ard olon",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ард олон"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "allmennhet"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"english": "the public",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "offentligheten"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "folc"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'omum",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "عُموم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "społeczeństwo"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "publika"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "jantā",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ਜਨਤਾ"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ਅਵਾਮ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "public"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščéstvennostʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обще́ственность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́блика"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naród",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наро́д"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sluagh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ја́вно̄ст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу̀блика"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "jávnōst"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pùblika"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "kúun móeng",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ၵူၼ်းမိူင်း"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verejnosť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "javnost"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "público"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"class-12",
"class-14"
],
"word": "umma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "allmänhet"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "madla"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "bayan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "umum",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "умум"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "prajalu",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ప్రజలు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎa-taa-rá-ná-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "สาธารณชน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "má-hǎa-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "มหาชน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-chon",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ประชาชน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "halk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "kamu"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "köpçülik"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromádsʹkistʹ",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грома́дськість"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "públika",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пу́бліка"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "'avām",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "عَوام"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "jama'et",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "جامائەت"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "köpchilik",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "كۆپچىلىك"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "awam",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "ئاۋام"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "jamoatchilik"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "jamoat"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "avom"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "công chúng"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "xã hội"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "people in general",
"word": "cyhoedd"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "oylem",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "עולם"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sar (diq)"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "people in general",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "şar (diq)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"public"
],
"word": "public"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.