See publican in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
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"2": "public",
"3": "an",
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"t1": "open to all members of a community"
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"etymology_text": "Probably from public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”) or public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns), apparently originally used humorously.",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "thieves’ cant",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
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"word": "Abraham Grains"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pub"
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"categories": [
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"_dis": "20 9 23 24 12 12",
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"ref": "1890, Rudyard Kipling, “Tommy”, in Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses, 3rd edition, London: Methuen & Co. […], published 1892, →OCLC, page 6:",
"text": "I went into a public-'ouse to get a pint o' beer, / The publican 'e up an 'sez, 'We serve no red-coats here.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-EiZnjdX~",
"links": [
[
"landlord",
"landlord"
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[
"manager",
"manager"
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[
"owner",
"owner"
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[
"public house",
"public house#English"
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[
"bar",
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[
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"tavern"
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[
"selling",
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[
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[
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[
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"(chiefly UK, Ireland) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ale-draper"
},
{
"word": "alekeep"
},
{
"word": "alekeeper"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensed victualler"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"obsolete",
"slang"
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"word": "bung"
},
{
"word": "taverner"
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{
"word": "tavernkeep"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK"
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَان"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ar",
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
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"masculine"
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},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
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"word": "دِهْقَانَة"
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{
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръчмар"
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "cantiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
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"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "tavernera"
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{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hospodský"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "hospodská"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waard"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "pubinpitäjä"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patron de bistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patronne de bistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bistrot"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳiṭani",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "მიკიტანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óstóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tábhairneoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barista"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bettoliere"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taverniera"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крчмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmarka",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "крчмарка"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karczmarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karczmarka"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "austernik"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oberżysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oberżystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kabátčik",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каба́тчик"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korčmárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "корчма́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šinkárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шинка́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fear an taighe"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pubinnehavare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafarnwr"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafarnwraig"
}
]
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Commonwealth English",
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],
"glosses": [
"The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-XxYTGz0e",
"links": [
[
"hotel",
"hotel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Commonwealth, by extension) The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hotelier"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "publican"
}
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{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>The Holy Bible, […]</cite> (King James Version), London: <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span> Robert Barker, <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span>, 1611, <small>→OCLC</small>, Luke 19:9–10, column 2:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"und\">This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.</span>”</span>",
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"expansion": "Middle English publican",
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{
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{
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publican",
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{
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"expansion": "Middle French publicain",
"name": "der"
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"expansion": "Old French publican",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "publicain"
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"expansion": "French publicain",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicānus",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
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"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
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"expansion": "noun",
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{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "publicà"
},
"expansion": "Catalan publicà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pubblicano"
},
"expansion": "Italian pubblicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "publicaen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch publicaen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publicaan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch publicaan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German publicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Publican"
},
"expansion": "German Publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pūblicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German pūblicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese publicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Spanish publicano",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.\nSense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.\ncognates\n* Catalan publicà\n* Italian pubblicano\n* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)\n* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).\n* Middle Low German pūblicān\n* Old Occitan publican, puplican\n* Portuguese publicano\n* Spanish publicano",
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{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"Italy",
"Africa",
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"Eurasia",
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"source": "w"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Jerome, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Gospell of Saincte Matthew. The Lyfe of Sainct Matthew […].”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xix, recto:",
"text": "Matthevv vvhiche vvas other vvyſe alſo called Leui, beyng of a Puplican made an Apoſtle, firſt of all others compoſed and vvrote in Jevvrye, the ghoſpell of Chriſte in the Hebrue tounge, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Ghospell of S. Luke. The .iii. Chapter.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xliii, verso:",
"text": "[T]he Publicans, that is to ſaye, the cuſtomers and takers vp of tolles, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Hovv like a favvning Publican he lookes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 18:17, column 1:",
"text": "[I]f he [a brother who trespasses against one] neglect to heare the Church, let him be vnto thee as an heathen man, and a Publicane.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 19:2, column 2:",
"text": "[T]here was a man named Zacheus, which was the cheefe among the Publicanes, and he was rich.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1760, Edmund Burke, “An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History. […]. Chapter III. The Reduction of Britain by the Romans.”, in [Walker King], editor, The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, new edition, volume X, London: […] [R. Gilbert] for C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], published 1826, →OCLC, book I, page 232:",
"text": "The provinces groaned at once under all the severity of publick imposition, and the rapaciousness of private usury. They were overrun by publicans, farmers of the taxes, agents, confiscators, usurers, bankers, those numerous and insatiable bodies, which always flourish in a burthened and complicated revenue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 13.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:",
"text": "Now, Mrs. Varden, […] believing, moreover, that the publicans coupled with sinners in Holy Writ were veritable licensed victuallers; was far from being favourably disposed towards her visitor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880 November 12, Lew[is] Wallace, chapter II, in Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, book eighth, page 486:",
"text": "He brings twelve men with him, fishermen, tillers of the soil, one a publican, all of the humbler class; and he and they make their journeys on foot, careless of wind, cold, rain, or sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-RHaXJGJm",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"tax collector",
"tax collector"
],
[
"working",
"work#Verb"
],
[
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"Judea"
],
[
"Galilee",
"Galilee"
],
[
"New Testament",
"New Testament"
],
[
"times",
"times#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"extorting",
"extort#Verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#Noun"
],
[
"due",
"due#Adjective"
],
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#Verb"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaššār",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَشَّار"
},
{
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"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
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"masculine"
],
"word": "ܡܟܣܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publikán",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "публика́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicà"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "稅吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "seoi³ lei⁶",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "税吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "稅吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuìlì",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "税吏"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tollenaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicain"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
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"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zöllner"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "mōtareis",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikanai"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytarĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтарь"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтоимьць"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mĭzdoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мьздоимьць"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publikanin"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mýtarʹ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мы́тарь"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "публикани"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "publikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "publicano"
},
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"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
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"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikano"
},
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"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publikany",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "публікани"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 7 4 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
}
]
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 21 26 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 26 22 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 26 20 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 22 28 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 24 22 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 22 25 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 23 22 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 20 27 19 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 21 28 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 25 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 25 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 26 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 21 27 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 23 24 12 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 27:",
"text": "Another ſort there be vvho vvhen they hear that all things ſhall be order'd, all things regulated and ſetl'd; nothing vvritt'n but vvhat paſſes through the cuſtom-houſe of certain Publicans that have the tunaging and the poundaging of all free ſpok'n truth, vvill ſtrait give themſelvs up into your hands, mak 'em, & cut 'em out vvhat religion ye pleaſe; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Of Christian Sobriety”, in The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC, section VI (Of Contentedness in All Estates and Accidents), page 140:",
"text": "[…] I am fallen into the hands of Publicans and Sequeſtrators, and they have taken all from me, vvhat novv? let me look about me. They have left me the Sun and the Moon, Fire and vvater, a loving vvife, and many friends to pity me, and ſome to relieve me, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, pages 36–37:",
"text": "Nor could the Treasury effectually restrain the chimneyman from using his powers with harshness: for the tax was farmed; and the government was consequently forced to connive at outrages and exactions such as have, in every age, made the name of publican a proverb for all that is most hateful.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-SviTTTy6",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"collects",
"collect#Verb"
],
[
"customs",
"customs#Noun"
],
[
"duties",
"duty"
],
[
"tolls",
"toll#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"public",
"public#Adjective"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic) Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 8 19 28 11 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 18 23 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 6 23 27 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 21 28 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 25 23 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 24 22 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 22 24 17 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 23 26 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 23 22 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 20 25 18 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 23 22 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 8 25 22 16 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 8 22 26 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 9 26 22 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 10 26 20 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 24 22 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 22 25 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 23 22 15 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 25 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 25 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 10 26 21 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 23 24 12 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-NTrwjTh6",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#Noun"
],
[
"charging",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"prices",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 4 82 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices",
"word": "kiskuri"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 9 22 25 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 8 22 25 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 9 23 24 12 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-bLNxbKzH",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"excommunicated",
"excommunicate#Verb"
],
[
"church",
"church#Noun"
],
[
"excommunicant",
"excommunicant"
],
[
"excommunicate",
"excommunicate#Noun"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#Adjective"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen#Noun"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"(Christianity) A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "puplican"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abraham",
"Jesus",
"Zacchaeus"
],
"word": "publican"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -an",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Serbo-Croatian entries",
"Requests for gender in Swedish entries",
"Requests for gender in Ukrainian entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "agent noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "public",
"3": "an",
"pos2": "suffix forming agent nouns",
"t1": "open to all members of a community"
},
"expansion": "public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”) or public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns), apparently originally used humorously.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "thieves’ cant",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Abraham Grains"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pub"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Irish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890, Rudyard Kipling, “Tommy”, in Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses, 3rd edition, London: Methuen & Co. […], published 1892, →OCLC, page 6:",
"text": "I went into a public-'ouse to get a pint o' beer, / The publican 'e up an 'sez, 'We serve no red-coats here.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"links": [
[
"landlord",
"landlord"
],
[
"manager",
"manager"
],
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"public house",
"public house#English"
],
[
"bar",
"bar#Noun"
],
[
"tavern",
"tavern"
],
[
"selling",
"sell#Verb"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"lodging",
"lodging#Noun"
],
[
"pub",
"pub#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly UK, Ireland) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ale-draper"
},
{
"word": "alekeep"
},
{
"word": "alekeeper"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensed victualler"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"obsolete",
"slang"
],
"word": "bung"
},
{
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeep"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Commonwealth English"
],
"glosses": [
"The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"links": [
[
"hotel",
"hotel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Commonwealth, by extension) The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hotelier"
}
],
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "duhqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دُهْقَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqāna",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَانَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръчмар"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cantiner"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cantinera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tavernera"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hospodský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hospodská"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waard"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "pubinpitäjä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patron de bistro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patronne de bistro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bistrot"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳiṭani",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "მიკიტანი"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óstóir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tábhairneoir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bettoliere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostessa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverniere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taverniera"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крчмар"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmarka",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крчмарка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karczmarz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karczmarka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "austernik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oberżysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oberżystka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kabátčik",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каба́тчик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korčmárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "корчма́рь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šinkárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шинка́рь"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fear an taighe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pubinnehavare"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafarnwr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafarnwraig"
}
],
"word": "publican"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Serbo-Croatian entries",
"Requests for gender in Swedish entries",
"Requests for gender in Ukrainian entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Syriac translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>The Holy Bible, […]</cite> (King James Version), London: <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span> Robert Barker, <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span>, 1611, <small>→OCLC</small>, Luke 19:9–10, column 2:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"und\">This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.</span>”</span>",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Middle English publican",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "publicane, publycan, publycane, pubplican, pubplycan, pupblican, pupblycan, puplican, puplicane, pupplican, pupplicane",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "Middle French publicain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old French publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "French publicain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicānus",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "publicà"
},
"expansion": "Catalan publicà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pubblicano"
},
"expansion": "Italian pubblicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "publicaen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch publicaen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publicaan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch publicaan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German publicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Publican"
},
"expansion": "German Publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pūblicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German pūblicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese publicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Spanish publicano",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.\nSense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.\ncognates\n* Catalan publicà\n* Italian pubblicano\n* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)\n* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).\n* Middle Low German pūblicān\n* Old Occitan publican, puplican\n* Portuguese publicano\n* Spanish publicano",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Jerome, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Gospell of Saincte Matthew. The Lyfe of Sainct Matthew […].”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xix, recto:",
"text": "Matthevv vvhiche vvas other vvyſe alſo called Leui, beyng of a Puplican made an Apoſtle, firſt of all others compoſed and vvrote in Jevvrye, the ghoſpell of Chriſte in the Hebrue tounge, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1549 February 10 (Gregorian calendar; indicated as 1548), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Ghospell of S. Luke. The .iii. Chapter.”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., The First Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testamente, London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, folio xliii, verso:",
"text": "[T]he Publicans, that is to ſaye, the cuſtomers and takers vp of tolles, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "Hovv like a favvning Publican he lookes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 18:17, column 1:",
"text": "[I]f he [a brother who trespasses against one] neglect to heare the Church, let him be vnto thee as an heathen man, and a Publicane.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 19:2, column 2:",
"text": "[T]here was a man named Zacheus, which was the cheefe among the Publicanes, and he was rich.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1760, Edmund Burke, “An Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History. […]. Chapter III. The Reduction of Britain by the Romans.”, in [Walker King], editor, The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, new edition, volume X, London: […] [R. Gilbert] for C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], published 1826, →OCLC, book I, page 232:",
"text": "The provinces groaned at once under all the severity of publick imposition, and the rapaciousness of private usury. They were overrun by publicans, farmers of the taxes, agents, confiscators, usurers, bankers, those numerous and insatiable bodies, which always flourish in a burthened and complicated revenue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 13.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:",
"text": "Now, Mrs. Varden, […] believing, moreover, that the publicans coupled with sinners in Holy Writ were veritable licensed victuallers; was far from being favourably disposed towards her visitor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1880 November 12, Lew[is] Wallace, chapter II, in Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, book eighth, page 486:",
"text": "He brings twelve men with him, fishermen, tillers of the soil, one a publican, all of the humbler class; and he and they make their journeys on foot, careless of wind, cold, rain, or sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"tax collector",
"tax collector"
],
[
"working",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"Judea",
"Judea"
],
[
"Galilee",
"Galilee"
],
[
"New Testament",
"New Testament"
],
[
"times",
"times#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"extorting",
"extort#Verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#Noun"
],
[
"due",
"due#Adjective"
],
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#Verb"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 27:",
"text": "Another ſort there be vvho vvhen they hear that all things ſhall be order'd, all things regulated and ſetl'd; nothing vvritt'n but vvhat paſſes through the cuſtom-houſe of certain Publicans that have the tunaging and the poundaging of all free ſpok'n truth, vvill ſtrait give themſelvs up into your hands, mak 'em, & cut 'em out vvhat religion ye pleaſe; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Of Christian Sobriety”, in The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC, section VI (Of Contentedness in All Estates and Accidents), page 140:",
"text": "[…] I am fallen into the hands of Publicans and Sequeſtrators, and they have taken all from me, vvhat novv? let me look about me. They have left me the Sun and the Moon, Fire and vvater, a loving vvife, and many friends to pity me, and ſome to relieve me, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, pages 36–37:",
"text": "Nor could the Treasury effectually restrain the chimneyman from using his powers with harshness: for the tax was farmed; and the government was consequently forced to connive at outrages and exactions such as have, in every age, made the name of publican a proverb for all that is most hateful.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"collects",
"collect#Verb"
],
[
"customs",
"customs#Noun"
],
[
"duties",
"duty"
],
[
"tolls",
"toll#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"public",
"public#Adjective"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic) Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#Noun"
],
[
"charging",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"prices",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"excommunicated",
"excommunicate#Verb"
],
[
"church",
"church#Noun"
],
[
"excommunicant",
"excommunicant"
],
[
"excommunicate",
"excommunicate#Noun"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#Adjective"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen#Noun"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"(Christianity) A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "publicane"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "puplican"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaššār",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَشَّار"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܡܟܣܐ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publikán",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "публика́н"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicà"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "稅吏"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "seoi³ lei⁶",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "税吏"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "稅吏"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuìlì",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "税吏"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tollenaar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaani"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zöllner"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "mōtareis",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblicano"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikanai"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblikan"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytarĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтарь"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтоимьць"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mĭzdoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мьздоимьць"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publikanin"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mýtarʹ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мы́тарь"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "публикани"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "publikani"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikano"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publikany",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "публікани"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices",
"word": "kiskuri"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abraham",
"Jesus",
"Zacchaeus"
],
"word": "publican"
}
Download raw JSONL data for publican meaning in English (31.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.