See publican in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for publican meaning in English (26.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "public house",
"t": "(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub"
},
"expansion": "public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "agent noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "public",
"3": "an",
"pos2": "suffix forming agent nouns",
"t1": "open to all members of a community"
},
"expansion": "public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”) or public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns), apparently originally used humorously.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "thieves’ cant",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Abraham Grains"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pub"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 29 24 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-EiZnjdX~",
"links": [
[
"landlord",
"landlord"
],
[
"manager",
"manager"
],
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"public house",
"public house#English"
],
[
"bar",
"bar#Noun"
],
[
"tavern",
"tavern"
],
[
"selling",
"sell#Verb"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"lodging",
"lodging#Noun"
],
[
"pub",
"pub#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ale-draper"
},
{
"word": "alekeep"
},
{
"word": "alekeeper"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensed victualler"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"obsolete",
"slang"
],
"word": "bung"
},
{
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeep"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَان"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "duhqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دُهْقَان"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqāna",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَانَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръчмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cantiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cantinera"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tavernera"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hospodský"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hospodská"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waard"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "pubinpitäjä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patron de bistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patronne de bistro"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bistrot"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳiṭani",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "მიკიტანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óstóir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tábhairneoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barista"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bettoliere"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostessa"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverniere"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taverniera"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крчмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmarka",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крчмарка"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karczmarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karczmarka"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "austernik"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oberżysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oberżystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kabátčik",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каба́тчик"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korčmárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "корчма́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šinkárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шинка́рь"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fear an taighe"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pubinnehavare"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafarnwr"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafarnwraig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-XxYTGz0e",
"links": [
[
"hotel",
"hotel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, New Zealand, by extension) The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hotelier"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "publican"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>The Holy Bible, […]</cite> (King James Version), London: <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span> Robert Barker, <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span>, 1611, <small>→OCLC</small>, Luke 19:9–10, column 2:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"und\">This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.</span>”</span>",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Middle English publican",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "publicane, publycan, publycane, pubplican, pubplycan, pupblican, pupblycan, puplican, puplicane, pupplican, pupplicane",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pupplican"
},
"expansion": "pupplican",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "Middle French publicain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old French publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "publicain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pupplican",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "pupplican (“tax collector”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "French publicain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicānus",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūblicum",
"t": "state revenue"
},
"expansion": "pūblicum (“state revenue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ānus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession"
},
"expansion": "-ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Pūblicum"
},
"expansion": "Pūblicum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūblicus",
"t": "of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public"
},
"expansion": "pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "publicà"
},
"expansion": "Catalan publicà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pubblicano"
},
"expansion": "Italian pubblicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "publicaen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch publicaen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "puppilicaen"
},
"expansion": "puppilicaen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pupplicaen"
},
"expansion": "pupplicaen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publicaan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch publicaan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publikaan"
},
"expansion": "publikaan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German publicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicāne"
},
"expansion": "publicāne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Publican"
},
"expansion": "German Publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pūblicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German pūblicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "puplican"
},
"expansion": "puplican",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese publicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Spanish publicano",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.\nSense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.\ncognates\n* Catalan publicà\n* Italian pubblicano\n* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)\n* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).\n* Middle Low German pūblicān\n* Old Occitan publican, puplican\n* Portuguese publicano\n* Spanish publicano",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 7 29 24 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 8 36 17 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 11 31 22 4 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 34 10 0 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-RHaXJGJm",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"tax collector",
"tax collector"
],
[
"working",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"Judea",
"Judea"
],
[
"Galilee",
"Galilee"
],
[
"New Testament",
"New Testament"
],
[
"times",
"times#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"extorting",
"extort#Verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#Noun"
],
[
"due",
"due#Adjective"
],
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#Verb"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaššār",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَشَّار"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܡܟܣܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publikán",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "публика́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicà"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tollenaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicain"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zöllner"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "mōtareis",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikanai"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytarĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтарь"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтоимьць"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mĭzdoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мьздоимьць"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publikanin"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mýtarʹ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мы́тарь"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "публикани"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "publikani"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikano"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publikany",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "публікани"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 6 3 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 7 29 24 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-SviTTTy6",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"collects",
"collect#Verb"
],
[
"customs",
"customs#Noun"
],
[
"duties",
"duty"
],
[
"tolls",
"toll#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"public",
"public#Adjective"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic) Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-NTrwjTh6",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#Noun"
],
[
"charging",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"prices",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 3 83 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices",
"word": "kiskuri"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"id": "en-publican-en-noun-bLNxbKzH",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"excommunicated",
"excommunicate#Verb"
],
[
"church",
"church#Noun"
],
[
"excommunicant",
"excommunicant"
],
[
"excommunicate",
"excommunicate#Noun"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#Adjective"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen#Noun"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"(Christianity) A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "publicane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "puplican"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abraham",
"Jesus",
"Zacchaeus"
],
"word": "publican"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -an",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Serbo-Croatian entries",
"Requests for gender in Swedish entries",
"Requests for gender in Ukrainian entries",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "public house",
"t": "(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub"
},
"expansion": "public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "agent noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "public",
"3": "an",
"pos2": "suffix forming agent nouns",
"t1": "open to all members of a community"
},
"expansion": "public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from public house (“(Britain) bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging, pub”) or public (“open to all members of a community”) + -an (suffix forming agent nouns), apparently originally used humorously.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "thieves’ cant",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "Abraham Grains"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pub"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"glosses": [
"The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"links": [
[
"landlord",
"landlord"
],
[
"manager",
"manager"
],
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"public house",
"public house#English"
],
[
"bar",
"bar#Noun"
],
[
"tavern",
"tavern"
],
[
"selling",
"sell#Verb"
],
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"lodging",
"lodging#Noun"
],
[
"pub",
"pub#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house (“a bar or tavern, often also selling food and sometimes lodging; a pub”)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ale-draper"
},
{
"word": "alekeep"
},
{
"word": "alekeeper"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensed victualler"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "licensee"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"obsolete",
"slang"
],
"word": "bung"
},
{
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeep"
},
{
"word": "tavernkeeper"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"New Zealand English"
],
"glosses": [
"The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"links": [
[
"hotel",
"hotel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Australia, New Zealand, by extension) The manager or owner of a hotel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hotelier"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand",
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "duhqān",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دُهْقَان"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dihqāna",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِهْقَانَة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръчмар"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cantiner"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverner"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cantinera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tavernera"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hospodský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hospodská"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "waard"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "pubinpitäjä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "patron de bistro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "patronne de bistro"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bistrot"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "miḳiṭani",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"word": "მიკიტანი"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óstóir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tábhairneoir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "barista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bettoliere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostessa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taverniere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "taverniera"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmar",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крчмар"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krčmarka",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крчмарка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karczmarz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karczmarka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "austernik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oberżysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oberżystka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kabátčik",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "каба́тчик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korčmárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "корчма́рь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šinkárʹ",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шинка́рь"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fear an taighe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pubinnehavare"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tafarnwr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "landlord of a public house",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tafarnwraig"
}
],
"word": "publican"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for gender in Dutch entries",
"Requests for gender in Serbo-Croatian entries",
"Requests for gender in Swedish entries",
"Requests for gender in Ukrainian entries",
"en:Occupations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\"><cite>The Holy Bible, […]</cite> (King James Version), London: <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span> Robert Barker, <span style=\"font-style: normal;\">[</span>…<span style=\"font-style: normal;\">]</span>, 1611, <small>→OCLC</small>, Luke 19:9–10, column 2:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"und\">This day is ſaluation come to this houſe, forſomuch as he alſo is the ſonne of Abraham. For the ſonne of man is come to ſeeke, and to ſaue that which was loſt.</span>”</span>",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Middle English publican",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "publicane, publycan, publycane, pubplican, pubplycan, pupblican, pupblycan, puplican, puplicane, pupplican, pupplicane",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pupplican"
},
"expansion": "pupplican",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "Middle French publicain",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old French publican",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "publicain",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pupplican",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "pupplican (“tax collector”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "publicain"
},
"expansion": "French publicain",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pūblicānus",
"t": "tax collector"
},
"expansion": "Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūblicum",
"t": "state revenue"
},
"expansion": "pūblicum (“state revenue”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ānus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession"
},
"expansion": "-ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Pūblicum"
},
"expansion": "Pūblicum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "neuter"
},
"expansion": "neuter",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pūblicus",
"t": "of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public"
},
"expansion": "pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*poplos",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "publicà"
},
"expansion": "Catalan publicà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pubblicano"
},
"expansion": "Italian pubblicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "publicaen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch publicaen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "puppilicaen"
},
"expansion": "puppilicaen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "pupplicaen"
},
"expansion": "pupplicaen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publicaan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch publicaan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "publikaan"
},
"expansion": "publikaan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German publicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "publicāne"
},
"expansion": "publicāne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Publican"
},
"expansion": "German Publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "pūblicān"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German pūblicān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "publican"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan publican",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "puplican"
},
"expansion": "puplican",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese publicano",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "publicano"
},
"expansion": "Spanish publicano",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English publican [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman publican, pupplican, Middle French publicain, and Old French publican, publicain, pupplican (“tax collector”) (modern French publicain), and from their etymon Latin pūblicānus (“tax collector”), from pūblicum (“state revenue”) + -ānus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, usually indicating relationships of origin, position, or possession). Pūblicum is a noun use of the neuter form of pūblicus (“of or belonging to the people, state, or community; general, public”), ultimately from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”), further etymology unknown.\nSense 3.2 (“person excommunicated from the church; person who does not follow a Christian religion”) refers to Matthew 18:17 of the Bible: see the King James Version quotation under sense 1.\ncognates\n* Catalan publicà\n* Italian pubblicano\n* Middle Dutch publicaen, puppilicaen, pupplicaen (modern Dutch publicaan (obsolete), publikaan)\n* Middle High German publicān, publicāne (early modern German Publican).\n* Middle Low German pūblicān\n* Old Occitan publican, puplican\n* Portuguese publicano\n* Spanish publicano",
"forms": [
{
"form": "publicans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "publican (plural publicans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pub‧lic‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"tax collector",
"tax collector"
],
[
"working",
"work#Verb"
],
[
"Judea",
"Judea"
],
[
"Galilee",
"Galilee"
],
[
"New Testament",
"New Testament"
],
[
"times",
"times#Noun"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
],
[
"extorting",
"extort#Verb"
],
[
"tax",
"tax#Noun"
],
[
"due",
"due#Adjective"
],
[
"traitor",
"traitor"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#Verb"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"collects",
"collect#Verb"
],
[
"customs",
"customs#Noun"
],
[
"duties",
"duty"
],
[
"tolls",
"toll#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"public",
"public#Adjective"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, archaic) Any person who collects customs duties, taxes, tolls, or other forms of public revenue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money#Noun"
],
[
"charging",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"prices",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"One regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"excommunicated",
"excommunicate#Verb"
],
[
"church",
"church#Noun"
],
[
"excommunicant",
"excommunicant"
],
[
"excommunicate",
"excommunicate#Noun"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#Adjective"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen#Noun"
],
[
"pagan",
"pagan#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, archaic)",
"(Christianity) A person excommunicated from the church; an excommunicant or excommunicate; also, a person who does not follow a Christian religion; a heathen, a pagan."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"figuratively"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʌblək(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-publican.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-publican.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "publicane"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "puplican"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕaššār",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَشَّار"
},
{
"code": "syc",
"lang": "Aramaic",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Classical-Syriac",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܡܟܣܐ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "publikán",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "публика́н"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicà"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tollenaar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikaani"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zöllner"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "mōtareis",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblicano"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicanus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikanai"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pubblikan"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytarĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтарь"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mytoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мꙑтоимьць"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "mĭzdoimĭcĭ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мьздоимьць"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publikanin"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mýtarʹ",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мы́тарь"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "публикани"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "publikani"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publicano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikan"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "publikano"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "publikany",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"word": "публікани"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "publican"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one regarded as extorting money from others by charging high prices",
"word": "kiskuri"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abraham",
"Jesus",
"Zacchaeus"
],
"word": "publican"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.