See grind on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for grind meaning in All languages combined (95.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "axe to grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ax to grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bump and grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grindset"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind the corn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind to a halt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "have an axe to grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intergrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the mill cannot grind with water that is past"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "the mills of the gods grind slowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grynden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian gríende",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "griene",
"t": "to grind, mill"
},
"expansion": "griene (“to grind, mill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden",
"pos": "rare",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "gravel, shingle"
},
"expansion": "grind (“gravel, shingle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "to brawl, fight"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grinding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ground",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ground",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grinded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grinded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grinds",
"2": "grinding",
"3": "ground",
"past2": "grinded"
},
"expansion": "grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"past": "ground",
"past_2sg_old2": "groundest",
"past_ptc_old2": "grounden"
},
"name": "en-conj"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-0SIMiZ6p",
"links": [
[
"smaller",
"smaller"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"lateral",
"lateral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "akl",
"lang": "Aklanon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "galing"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭaḥana",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "طَحَنَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭaḥan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "طحن"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aġal",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "աղալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "matsin"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "chisedz"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "piha",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "পিহা"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "guri kora",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "গুৰি কৰা"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "malócʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мало́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "taŭčý",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "таўчы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malañ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "melja",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "меля"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smilam",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "смилам"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdrobjavam",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздробявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "esmicolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moldre"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "picar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "picolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "trinxar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "aḥʳa",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ахьа"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asdoa",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ᎠᏍᏙᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mósuì",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "磨碎"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlít"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drtit"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "macnur"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "male"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kværne"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "vermalen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "verpulveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mueli"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moudre"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "piler"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "masanâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "muldurâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moer"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "relar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dapkva",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "დაფქვა"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mahlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zermahlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "malan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "diswinþjan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alétho",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "αλέθω"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aléō",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ἀλέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takhán",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "טחן"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "őröl"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "darál"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "morzsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zúz"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "porít"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "porrá tör/zúz"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "giling"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "isd",
"lang": "Isnag",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "xiling"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "macinare"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"alt": "ひく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hiku",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "挽く"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkən",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "សង្កិន"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ppata",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "빻다"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "galda",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "갈다"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malt"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "molō"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malt"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malti"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "mahlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "muelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kisar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "giling"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "whakanehu"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kuoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "mhn",
"lang": "Mòcheno",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moln"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moudre"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "male"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kverne"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mòler"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "mlěti",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "млѣти"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleć"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moer"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "allpayachiy"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kutay"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "măcina"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "pisa"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moler"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molótʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моло́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolóčʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "толо́чь"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "pinaṣṭi",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "पिनष्टि"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "molere"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "pran"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "млети"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleti"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlieť"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleti"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moler"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "arai",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "அரை"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bòt",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "บด"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "wālts-"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "öğütmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "ṭḥn",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐎉𐎈𐎐"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "molóty",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моло́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tovktý",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "товкти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "masnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "sgramołare"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "xay"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "grainön"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moure"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "broyî"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malu"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mealle"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zom"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 3 6 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 7 2 0 1 2",
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "gǂkxʻàa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grind a lens; grind an axe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape with the force of friction."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-XFfaz1L7",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape with the force of friction."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "köszörül"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "csiszol"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "brunir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 75 2 5 6 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "bruñir"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Metalworking",
"orig": "en:Metalworking",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Metallurgy",
"Society",
"Metals",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-243yvCi3",
"links": [
[
"metalworking",
"metalworking"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"abrasive",
"abrasive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"crafts",
"engineering",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"metallurgy",
"metalworking",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šlifovam",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "шлифовам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poliram",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "полирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánmó",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "brousit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "skrabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "meuler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "schleifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "磨ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ruuh",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "រូស"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "oro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kauoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kanioro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kuoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "weku"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "skrape"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "ścierać"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šlifovátʹ",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шлифова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otšlifovátʹ",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отшлифова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "pulir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "bilemek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šlifuváty",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шліфува́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 86 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "mài"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This corn grinds well.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Steel grinds to a sharp edge.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-21FGfqHi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 5 2 69 4 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction",
"word": "jauhautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 2 69 4 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction",
"word": "whakanehu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-S2infec6",
"links": [
[
"grate",
"grate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "raahautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "csikorog"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "döcög"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "súrlódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers specifically to the grinding of teeth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "tetē"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 2 6 73 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 0",
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers specifically to the grinding of teeth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "nenē"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-2gm9clMB",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"slide",
"slide"
],
[
"skateboard",
"skateboard"
],
[
"snowboard",
"snowboard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 3 2 55 2 4 5 5 1 3 3 3 0 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 4 3 2 55 2 4 5 5 1 3 3 3 0 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle",
"word": "grinden"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To oppress, hold down or weaken."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-dY6ZpeL0",
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"hold down",
"hold down"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 86 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to oppress, hold down or weaken",
"word": "nedtrykke"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 86 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oppress, hold down or weaken",
"word": "sortaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Prince (lyrics and music), “Darling Nikki”, in Purple Rain, performed by Prince and the Revolution",
"text": "She said, \"How'd you like to waste some time?\" / And I could not resist when I saw little Nikki grind",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rotate the hips erotically."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-ozVtssXW",
"links": [
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"hips",
"hips"
],
[
"erotic",
"erotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "culejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "remenar el cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "vrtět"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "vrikke på hofterne"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "sculettare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "ancheggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "dimenarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 70 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "rebolar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-1xvvGM~M",
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 49 7 2 2 3 2 4 4 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 49 7 2 2 3 2 4 4 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 49 7 2 2 3 2 4 4 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "sarrar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These enemies give lots of loot when killed, so many players fight them to grind for resources.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The first level of the game is the best place to grind extra lives.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Will Luton, Free-to-Play: Making Money From Games You Give Away, New Riders, page 38",
"text": "Similarly, nearly all massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as Dungeons & Dragons Online, feature grind: Players repeat tasks, or often “quests”, to gain in-game currency to spend on weapons or other ancillary items.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica",
"text": "To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have to grind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-IF7aRt1a",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 6 2 3 1 6 8 35 1 4 7 5 0 2 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuā",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "刷"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 6 2 3 1 6 8 35 1 4 7 5 0 2 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 6 2 3 1 6 8 35 1 4 7 5 0 2 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grindit'",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриндить"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 5 6 2 3 1 6 8 35 1 4 7 5 0 2 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "nöta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grind an organ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To operate by turning a crank."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-tF32XMdJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To operate by turning a crank."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 76 13 1 1 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to operate by turning a crank",
"word": "veivata"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-TDgb-BEo",
"links": [
[
"mechanical",
"mechanical"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"crank",
"crank"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 10 70 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 10 70 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "hinkata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 10 70 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 10 70 2 1 0 1 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "ont"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To automatically format and indent code."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-zF5Iok04",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"format",
"format"
],
[
"indent",
"indent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To instill through repetitive teaching."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-0Kyi993N",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 80 0 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to instill through repetitive teaching",
"word": "jauhaa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hawaiian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Eh, brah, let's go grind.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To eat."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-RCpYtcIK",
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Hawaii) To eat."
],
"tags": [
"Hawaii",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 73 2 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "fråde"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 73 2 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "kaste i sig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 73 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "skruudata"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1862, Frederic W. Farrar, St. Winifred's: or the World of School",
"text": "One evening, during evening work, Charlie was trying hard to do the verses which had been set to his form. […] Wilton, whose conduct had been more impertinent than that of any one else, said to Charlie—\n“I say, young Evson, how you are grinding.”\n“I have these verses to do,” said Charlie simply.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-JwxLwwZP",
"links": [
[
"hustle",
"hustle"
],
[
"drudge",
"drudge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "puurtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "ahkeroida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "raataa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "paahtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "chiefly of studying",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "magol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "ralar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zubritʹ",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зубрить"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139",
"text": "I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-verb-NLG6uF0T",
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
],
[
"grind one's gears",
"grind one's gears"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg/En-us-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "daily grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind joint"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grind line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nose grind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grynden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian gríende",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "griene",
"t": "to grind, mill"
},
"expansion": "griene (“to grind, mill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden",
"pos": "rare",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "gravel, shingle"
},
"expansion": "grind (“gravel, shingle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "to brawl, fight"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-w-DPa1ah",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-74geAUpi",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This bag contains espresso grind.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-4htLEBRs",
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"pulverization",
"pulverization"
],
[
"coffee bean",
"coffee bean"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"word": "jauhatus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"word": "karkeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mahlung"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mahlfeinheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "álesma",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "άλεσμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tritato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 78 3 2 2 4 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "molienda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This homework is a grind.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 101",
"text": "Running again in more open agricultural country, the Harrogate line encounters a short downgrade before the stiff uphill grind to Harrogate begins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tedious and laborious task."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-Dg~akh1B",
"links": [
[
"tedious",
"tedious"
],
[
"laborious",
"laborious"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chore"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karwei"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schinderei"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Quälerei"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfacchinata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faticata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 9 59 2 3 8 16",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"word": "rutina"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-eb0o62-X",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, in The Naughty-Naughtian, page 118",
"text": "If you are at all bright, don't be a grind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Sunset, volume 27, page 440",
"text": "[…] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”\n“Oh, I was never much of a grind,” the other cut in hastily.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who studies hard."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-MqYvv5hF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, slang) One who studies hard."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swot"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "subgenre of heavy metal",
"word": "grindcore"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
"parents": [
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 7 3 0 3 14 16 17 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 3 4 5 1 4 3 3 1 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
"parents": [
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”)."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-iKD8FFmK",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"grindcore",
"grindcore#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 9 4 1 3 6 13 16 1 1 3 4 1 2 0 4 4 7 1 3 4 3 0 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 1 9 3 1 2 7 14 11 2 2 4 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 1 5 4 2 0 2 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
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"orig": "en:Coffee",
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"Beverages",
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"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 4 1 2 4 18 13 3 3 5 4 2 4 1 3 2 4 1 4 5 2 0 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "en:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 7 3 0 3 14 16 17 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 3 4 5 1 4 3 3 1 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "en:Musical genres",
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"Society",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I pledge allegiance to the grind. I'm up early as hell tryna get mine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hustle; hard work."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-rMXutV4-",
"links": [
[
"Hustle",
"hustle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Hustle; hard work."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg/En-us-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fo",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "pilot-whale meat"
},
"expansion": "Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).",
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{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grind (plural grinds)",
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 9 4 1 3 6 13 16 1 1 3 4 1 2 0 4 4 7 1 3 4 3 0 1 8",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "1 1 8 4 1 3 6 12 15 2 1 5 4 2 4 0 4 4 6 1 3 5 3 0 2 6",
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"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "1 1 6 4 1 3 8 10 18 2 2 5 4 2 2 1 4 3 5 1 3 5 2 0 2 6",
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"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 9 3 1 2 7 14 11 2 2 4 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 1 5 4 2 0 2 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Coffee",
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"Human behaviour",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 7 3 0 3 14 16 17 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 3 4 5 1 4 3 3 1 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musical genres",
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"Genres",
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"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands."
],
"id": "en-grind-en-noun-S1k2HFVo",
"links": [
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
],
[
"Faroe Islands",
"Faroe Islands"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grindadráp"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "grij",
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "gërdhij",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "English grind",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gréndžiu",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grih"
},
"expansion": "grih",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"aorist"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
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},
"expansion": "grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)",
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},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)",
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],
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"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
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],
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"to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over"
],
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[
"brawl",
"brawl"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"wrangle",
"wrangle"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
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{
"word": "grij"
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{
"word": "gërryej"
},
{
"word": "gërdhij"
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]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: grint"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grint",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
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},
"expansion": "grinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*grinda"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
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"t": "sand, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
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],
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"grind"
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"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Geology",
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},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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}
],
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{
"word": "grindbed"
},
{
"word": "grindbeton"
},
{
"word": "grinden"
},
{
"word": "grindig"
},
{
"word": "grindpad"
},
{
"word": "grindweg"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gravel, pebbles, shingle"
],
"id": "en-grind-nl-noun-15ONnrEr",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"shingle",
"shingle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) gravel, pebbles, shingle"
],
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{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "grinte"
},
{
"word": "grint"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣrɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg/Nl-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grinde"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "grind n (uncountable)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grind"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "nl:Pathology",
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"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grindig"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)"
],
"id": "en-grind-nl-noun-Uhvvkfjt",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"scabies",
"scabies"
],
[
"mange",
"mange"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, pathology) The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schurft"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣrɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-grind.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grinde"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "gate"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind (“gate”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind (“gate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
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"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
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"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
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"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindir"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-EDz7H-lO",
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 26 30 31 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 21 22 7 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-3xLREefe",
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qrind"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qrind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qrind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гры́нда"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гры́нда (hrýnda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гры́нда (hrýnda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гри́нда (grínda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гри́нда (grínda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grindehval",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: grindehval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: grindehval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "griend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: griend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: griend"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "grinda"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: grinda"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grindwal"
},
"expansion": "German: Grindwal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Grindwal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гри́нда (grínda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гри́нда (grínda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grindval"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grindval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grindval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: grind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindir"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 26 30 31 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-zxXw3PGm",
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"grindahvalur",
"grindahvalur"
],
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 26 30 31 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 19 21 48 5 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fo",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "fo:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-1lDZEvrb",
"links": [
[
"tvøst",
"tvøst"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"spik",
"spik"
],
[
"blubber",
"blubber"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-gwO8HVxT",
"links": [
[
"grindadráp",
"grindadráp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An unexpected meal"
],
"id": "en-grind-fo-noun-A4VDTdkM",
"links": [
[
"unexpected",
"unexpected"
],
[
"meal",
"meal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An unexpected meal"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-f-s3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "grindur",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "grindar",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindur"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gr",
"2": "i",
"3": "nd"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-f-s3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lattice, grid, grille"
],
"id": "en-grind-is-noun-tj6DyCZ1",
"links": [
[
"lattice",
"lattice"
],
[
"grid",
"grid"
],
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"framework"
],
"id": "en-grind-is-noun-BqYd8EKt",
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lattice"
],
"id": "en-grind-is-noun-TL4JWXt2",
"links": [
[
"lattice",
"lattice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(order theory) lattice"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"order-theory",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fo",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Faroese grind",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Faroese grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-f-s3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "grindur",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "grindar",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindur"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gr",
"2": "i",
"3": "nd"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-f-s3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 6 13 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pilot whale"
],
"id": "en-grind-is-noun-9ylgC5x1",
"links": [
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pilot whale",
"word": "grindahvalur"
},
{
"sense": "pilot whale",
"word": "marsvín"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "beingrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindgjerde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindhval"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindsag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindstolpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindverk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindveving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grindåpner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "husgrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leikegrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lekegrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "takgrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "trappegrind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinder",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence."
],
"id": "en-grind-nb-noun-adCpBD4g",
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"id": "en-grind-nb-noun-EDz7H-lO",
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"id": "en-grind-nb-noun-3xLREefe",
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "beingrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leikegrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "takgrind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "trappegrind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinder",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nn-noun-infl\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Historical inflection of grind",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. ¹Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1901d": "grindarne (grindane)",
"1917b": "grinda, grindi",
"1917c": "grinder",
"1917d": "grindene",
"1938b": "grinda grindi",
"2012a": "grind",
"2012b": "grinda",
"2012c": "grinder",
"2012d": "grindene",
"Aasen1": "Grind",
"Aasen2": "Grindi",
"Aasen3": "Grindar",
"Aasen4": "Grindarna"
},
"name": "nn-noun-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence."
],
"id": "en-grind-nn-noun-adCpBD4g",
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"id": "en-grind-nn-noun-EDz7H-lO",
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"id": "en-grind-nn-noun-3xLREefe",
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪɲː/",
"note": "with palatalization",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English grind",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English grind",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English grind",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "grindcore"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "nn:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of grindcore."
],
"id": "en-grind-nn-noun-~xxd53cI",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"grindcore",
"grindcore#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Clipping of grindcore."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪɲː/",
"note": "with palatalization",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindr"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grind",
"3": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-i"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "grindirnar",
"api": "grindir",
"asd": "grindina",
"asi": "grind",
"dpd": "grindunum",
"dpi": "grindum",
"dsd": "grindinni",
"dsi": "grind",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "grindanna",
"gpi": "grinda",
"gsd": "grindarinnar",
"gsi": "grindar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "grindirnar",
"npi": "grindir",
"nsd": "grindin",
"nsi": "grind",
"stem": "strong i-stem",
"title": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindir",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindirnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindir",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindirnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindinni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grinda",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grind",
"3": "grind",
"gsd": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"gsi": "grindar, grindr"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-c"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "grindrnar",
"api": "grindr",
"asd": "grindina",
"asi": "grind",
"dpd": "grindunum",
"dpi": "grindum",
"dsd": "grindinni",
"dsi": "grind",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "grindanna",
"gpi": "grinda",
"gsd": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"gsi": "grindar, grindr",
"notes": "",
"npd": "grindrnar",
"npi": "grindr",
"nsd": "grindin",
"nsi": "grind",
"stem": "strong consonant stem",
"title": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindr",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindrnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindr",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindrnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindinni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindar, grindr",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grinda",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 3 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a gate made of spars or bars"
],
"id": "en-grind-non-noun-c1iVbqa~",
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"spar",
"spar"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"haven, dock"
],
"id": "en-grind-non-noun-proFzphT",
"links": [
[
"haven",
"haven"
],
[
"dock",
"dock"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"storehouses"
],
"id": "en-grind-non-noun-jKOXYEKS",
"links": [
[
"storehouse",
"storehouse"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grinds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "grind c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "grind c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grinden",
"3": "grindar",
"4": "grindarna",
"5": "grinds",
"6": "grindens",
"7": "grindars",
"8": "grindarnas",
"base": "grind",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A gate; door-like structure outside a building"
],
"id": "en-grind-sv-noun-slqpe5Nb",
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "sv:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Heraldic charges",
"orig": "sv:Heraldic charges",
"parents": [
"Heraldry",
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gate, logical pathway"
],
"id": "en-grind-sv-noun-13AFN1qm",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"logical",
"logical"
],
[
"pathway",
"pathway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) A gate, logical pathway"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grij"
},
"expansion": "grij",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërdhij"
},
"expansion": "gërdhij",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "English grind",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gréndžiu",
"3": "",
"4": "to scrape, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grih"
},
"expansion": "grih",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"aorist"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "verb",
"3": "aorist",
"4": "grinda",
"5": "participle",
"6": "grindur",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grinda",
"2": "grindur"
},
"expansion": "grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)",
"name": "sq-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "grij"
},
{
"word": "gërryej"
},
{
"word": "gërdhij"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Albanian verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over"
],
"links": [
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"wrangle",
"wrangle"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪnt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪnt/1 syllable",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grindbed"
},
{
"word": "grindbeton"
},
{
"word": "grinden"
},
{
"word": "grindig"
},
{
"word": "grindpad"
},
{
"word": "grindweg"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: grint",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: grint"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grint"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grint",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "grinde"
},
"expansion": "grinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*grinda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *grinda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindō",
"t": "sand, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "grind n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grind"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"gravel, pebbles, shingle"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"gravel",
"gravel"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"shingle",
"shingle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) gravel, pebbles, shingle"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣrɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg/Nl-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grinde"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "grinte"
},
{
"word": "grint"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪnt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪnt/1 syllable",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grindig"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "grind n (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grind"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"nl:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"scabies",
"scabies"
],
[
"mange",
"mange"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, pathology) The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣrɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg/Nl-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Nl-grind.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schurft"
},
{
"word": "grinde"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 3 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Faroese",
"English terms derived from Faroese",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Ewe translations",
"Requests for review of Hindi translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd/1 syllable",
"en:Coffee",
"en:Hunting",
"en:Musical genres",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "axe to grind"
},
{
"word": "ax to grind"
},
{
"word": "bump and grind"
},
{
"word": "grind down"
},
{
"word": "grind out"
},
{
"word": "grindset"
},
{
"word": "grind the corn"
},
{
"word": "grind to a halt"
},
{
"word": "have an axe to grind"
},
{
"word": "intergrind"
},
{
"word": "the mill cannot grind with water that is past"
},
{
"word": "the mills of the gods grind slowly"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grynden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian gríende",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "griene",
"t": "to grind, mill"
},
"expansion": "griene (“to grind, mill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden",
"pos": "rare",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "gravel, shingle"
},
"expansion": "grind (“gravel, shingle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "to brawl, fight"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grinding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ground",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ground",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grinded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grinded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grinds",
"2": "grinding",
"3": "ground",
"past2": "grinded"
},
"expansion": "grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"past": "ground",
"past_2sg_old2": "groundest",
"past_ptc_old2": "grounden"
},
"name": "en-conj"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion."
],
"links": [
[
"smaller",
"smaller"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"lateral",
"lateral"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "grind a lens; grind an axe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shape with the force of friction."
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"friction",
"friction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shape with the force of friction."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Metalworking"
],
"glosses": [
"To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface."
],
"links": [
[
"metalworking",
"metalworking"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"abrasive",
"abrasive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"crafts",
"engineering",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"metallurgy",
"metalworking",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This corn grinds well.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Steel grinds to a sharp edge.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate."
],
"links": [
[
"grate",
"grate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"slide",
"slide"
],
[
"skateboard",
"skateboard"
],
[
"snowboard",
"snowboard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To oppress, hold down or weaken."
],
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"hold down",
"hold down"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984, Prince (lyrics and music), “Darling Nikki”, in Purple Rain, performed by Prince and the Revolution",
"text": "She said, \"How'd you like to waste some time?\" / And I could not resist when I saw little Nikki grind",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rotate the hips erotically."
],
"links": [
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"hips",
"hips"
],
[
"erotic",
"erotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other."
],
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Video games"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These enemies give lots of loot when killed, so many players fight them to grind for resources.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The first level of the game is the best place to grind extra lives.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Will Luton, Free-to-Play: Making Money From Games You Give Away, New Riders, page 38",
"text": "Similarly, nearly all massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as Dungeons & Dragons Online, feature grind: Players repeat tasks, or often “quests”, to gain in-game currency to spend on weapons or other ancillary items.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica",
"text": "To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have to grind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to grind an organ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To operate by turning a crank."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To operate by turning a crank."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank."
],
"links": [
[
"mechanical",
"mechanical"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"crank",
"crank"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"To automatically format and indent code."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"format",
"format"
],
[
"indent",
"indent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To instill through repetitive teaching."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Hawaiian English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Eh, brah, let's go grind.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To eat."
],
"links": [
[
"eat",
"eat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Hawaii) To eat."
],
"tags": [
"Hawaii",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1862, Frederic W. Farrar, St. Winifred's: or the World of School",
"text": "One evening, during evening work, Charlie was trying hard to do the verses which had been set to his form. […] Wilton, whose conduct had been more impertinent than that of any one else, said to Charlie—\n“I say, young Evson, how you are grinding.”\n“I have these verses to do,” said Charlie simply.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge."
],
"links": [
[
"hustle",
"hustle"
],
[
"drudge",
"drudge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139",
"text": "I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears."
],
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
],
[
"grind one's gears",
"grind one's gears"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg/En-us-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "akl",
"lang": "Aklanon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "galing"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭaḥana",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "طَحَنَ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṭaḥan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "طحن"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "aġal",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "աղալ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "matsin"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "chisedz"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "piha",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "পিহা"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "guri kora",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "গুৰি কৰা"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "malócʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "мало́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "taŭčý",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "таўчы́"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malañ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "melja",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "меля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smilam",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "смилам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razdrobjavam",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раздробявам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "esmicolar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moldre"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "picar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "picolar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "trinxar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "aḥʳa",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ахьа"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asdoa",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ᎠᏍᏙᎠ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mósuì",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "磨碎"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlít"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "drtit"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "macnur"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "male"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kværne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "vermalen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "verpulveren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mueli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moudre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "piler"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "masanâ"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "muldurâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "relar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dapkva",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "დაფქვა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mahlen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zermahlen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "malan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "diswinþjan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alétho",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "αλέθω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "aléō",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "ἀλέω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takhán",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "טחן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "őröl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "darál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "morzsol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zúz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "porít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "porrá tör/zúz"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "giling"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "jauhoa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"code": "isd",
"lang": "Isnag",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "xiling"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "macinare"
},
{
"alt": "ひく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hiku",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "挽く"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkən",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "សង្កិន"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ppata",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "빻다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "galda",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "갈다"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malt"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "molō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malt"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malti"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "mahlen"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "muelen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kisar"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "giling"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "whakanehu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kuoro"
},
{
"code": "mhn",
"lang": "Mòcheno",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moln"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moudre"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "male"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kverne"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mòler"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "mlěti",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "млѣти"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "allpayachiy"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "kutay"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "măcina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "pisa"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moler"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "molótʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моло́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolóčʹ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "толо́чь"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "pinaṣṭi",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "पिनष्टि"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "molere"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "pran"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "meil"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "млети"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlieť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mleti"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mlaś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moler"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "triturar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mala"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "arai",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "அரை"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bòt",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "บด"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "wālts-"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "öğütmek"
},
{
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "ṭḥn",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "𐎉𐎈𐎐"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "molóty",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "моло́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tovktý",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "товкти́"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "masnar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxenar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxnar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "maxinar"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "sgramołare"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "xay"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "grainön"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "moure"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "broyî"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "malu"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "mealle"
},
{
"code": "mww",
"lang": "White Hmong",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "zom"
},
{
"code": "nmn",
"lang": "ǃXóõ",
"sense": "to reduce to smaller pieces",
"word": "gǂkxʻàa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "köszörül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "csiszol"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "brunir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shape with the force of friction",
"word": "bruñir"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šlifovam",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "шлифовам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poliram",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "полирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "polir"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánmó",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "brousit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "skrabe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "meuler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "schleifen"
},
{
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "磨ぐ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ruuh",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "រូស"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "oro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kauoro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kanioro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "kuoro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "weku"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "raspe"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "skrape"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "ścierać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šlifovátʹ",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шлифова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otšlifovátʹ",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отшлифова́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "pulir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "bilemek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šlifuváty",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шліфува́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface",
"word": "mài"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction",
"word": "jauhautua"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction",
"word": "whakanehu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "raahautua"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "csikorog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "döcög"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "súrlódik"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers specifically to the grinding of teeth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "tetē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "refers specifically to the grinding of teeth",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to move with much difficulty or friction",
"word": "nenē"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle",
"word": "grinden"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to oppress, hold down or weaken",
"word": "nedtrykke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to oppress, hold down or weaken",
"word": "sortaa"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "culejar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "remenar el cul"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "vrtět"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "vrikke på hofterne"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "sculettare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "ancheggiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "dimenarsi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slang: to rotate the hips erotically",
"word": "rebolar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "schuren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way",
"word": "sarrar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuā",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "刷"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grindit'",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриндить"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to repeat a task in video games",
"word": "nöta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to operate by turning a crank",
"word": "veivata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "hinkata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank",
"word": "ont"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to instill through repetitive teaching",
"word": "jauhaa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "fråde"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "kaste i sig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: to eat",
"word": "skruudata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "puurtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "ahkeroida"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "raataa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "paahtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "chiefly of studying",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "grindata"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "magol"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"word": "ralar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zubritʹ",
"sense": "to work or study hard",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зубрить"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 3 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Faroese",
"English terms derived from Faroese",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Breton translations",
"Requests for review of Ewe translations",
"Requests for review of Hindi translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Norwegian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd/1 syllable",
"en:Coffee",
"en:Hunting",
"en:Musical genres",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "daily grind"
},
{
"word": "grind joint"
},
{
"word": "grind line"
},
{
"word": "nose grind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grynden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grynden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grindan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*grindan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *grindan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gríende"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian gríende",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "griene",
"t": "to grind, mill"
},
"expansion": "griene (“to grind, mill”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grinden",
"pos": "rare",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "gravel, shingle"
},
"expansion": "grind (“gravel, shingle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "grind",
"3": "",
"4": "to brawl, fight"
},
"expansion": "Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This bag contains espresso grind.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans."
],
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"pulverization",
"pulverization"
],
[
"coffee bean",
"coffee bean"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "This homework is a grind.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 101",
"text": "Running again in more open agricultural country, the Harrogate line encounters a short downgrade before the stiff uphill grind to Harrogate begins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tedious and laborious task."
],
"links": [
[
"tedious",
"tedious"
],
[
"laborious",
"laborious"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chore"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, in The Naughty-Naughtian, page 118",
"text": "If you are at all bright, don't be a grind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1911, Sunset, volume 27, page 440",
"text": "[…] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”\n“Oh, I was never much of a grind,” the other cut in hastily.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who studies hard."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, slang) One who studies hard."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swot"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "subgenre of heavy metal",
"word": "grindcore"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Musical genres"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”)."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"grindcore",
"grindcore#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I pledge allegiance to the grind. I'm up early as hell tryna get mine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hustle; hard work."
],
"links": [
[
"Hustle",
"hustle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Hustle; hard work."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹaɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-grind.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg/En-us-grind.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/En-us-grind.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"word": "jauhatus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"word": "karkeus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mahlung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mahlfeinheit"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "álesma",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "άλεσμα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macinato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tritato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "molienda"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karwei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schinderei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Quälerei"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfacchinata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "faticata"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a tedious task",
"word": "rutina"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 3 strong verbs",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Faroese",
"English terms derived from Faroese",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnd/1 syllable",
"en:Coffee",
"en:Hunting",
"en:Musical genres",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fo",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "pilot-whale meat"
},
"expansion": "Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grind (plural grinds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands."
],
"links": [
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
],
[
"Faroe Islands",
"Faroe Islands"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹɪnd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnd"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grindadráp"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"grind"
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Faroese feminine nouns",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese nouns",
"Faroese terms derived from Old Norse",
"Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Requests for pronunciation in Faroese entries",
"fo:Foods",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "gate"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind (“gate”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind (“gate”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindir"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Faroese feminine nouns",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese nouns",
"fo:Foods",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qrind"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qrind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qrind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гры́нда"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гры́нда (hrýnda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гры́нда (hrýnda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: гри́нда (grínda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: гри́нда (grínda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grindehval",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: grindehval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: grindehval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "griend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: griend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: griend"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "grinda"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: grinda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: grinda"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Grindwal"
},
"expansion": "German: Grindwal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Grindwal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гри́нда (grínda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гри́нда (grínda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grindval"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grindval",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grindval"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гри́нда"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: grind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindir"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)"
],
"links": [
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"grindahvalur",
"grindahvalur"
],
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales"
],
"links": [
[
"tvøst",
"tvøst"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"spik",
"spik"
],
[
"blubber",
"blubber"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp"
],
"links": [
[
"grindadráp",
"grindadráp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An unexpected meal"
],
"links": [
[
"unexpected",
"unexpected"
],
[
"meal",
"meal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An unexpected meal"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic countable nouns",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine nouns",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms borrowed from Faroese",
"Icelandic terms derived from Faroese",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪnt",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪnt/1 syllable",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-f-s3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "grindur",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "grindar",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindur"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gr",
"2": "i",
"3": "nd"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-f-s3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lattice, grid, grille"
],
"links": [
[
"lattice",
"lattice"
],
[
"grid",
"grid"
],
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"framework"
],
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lattice"
],
"links": [
[
"lattice",
"lattice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(order theory) lattice"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"order-theory",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic countable nouns",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine nouns",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms borrowed from Faroese",
"Icelandic terms derived from Faroese",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪnt",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪnt/1 syllable",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fo",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Faroese grind",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Faroese grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-f-s3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindurnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "grindur",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "grindar",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindur"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gr",
"2": "i",
"3": "nd"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-f-s3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i"
},
"name": "is-i-mutation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s3",
"accp": "grindur",
"accpd": "grindurnar",
"accs": "grind",
"accsd": "grindina",
"datp": "grindum",
"datpd": "grindunum",
"dats": "grind",
"datsd": "grindinni",
"genp": "grinda",
"genpd": "grindanna",
"gens": "grindar",
"gensd": "grindarinnar",
"nomp": "grindur",
"nompd": "grindurnar",
"noms": "grind",
"nomsd": "grindin"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pilot whale"
],
"links": [
[
"pilot whale",
"pilot whale"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪnt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pilot whale",
"word": "grindahvalur"
},
{
"sense": "pilot whale",
"word": "marsvín"
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beingrind"
},
{
"word": "grindgjerde"
},
{
"word": "grindhval"
},
{
"word": "grindsag"
},
{
"word": "grindstolpe"
},
{
"word": "grindverk"
},
{
"word": "grindveving"
},
{
"word": "grindåpner"
},
{
"word": "husgrind"
},
{
"word": "leikegrind"
},
{
"word": "lekegrind"
},
{
"word": "takgrind"
},
{
"word": "trappegrind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinder",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence."
],
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beingrind"
},
{
"word": "leikegrind"
},
{
"word": "takgrind"
},
{
"word": "trappegrind"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Norse grind.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinda",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinder",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nn-noun-infl\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Historical inflection of grind",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. ¹Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1901d": "grindarne (grindane)",
"1917b": "grinda, grindi",
"1917c": "grinder",
"1917d": "grindene",
"1938b": "grinda grindi",
"2012a": "grind",
"2012b": "grinda",
"2012c": "grinder",
"2012d": "grindene",
"Aasen1": "Grind",
"Aasen2": "Grindi",
"Aasen3": "Grindar",
"Aasen4": "Grindarna"
},
"name": "nn-noun-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence."
],
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A framework"
],
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grille"
],
"links": [
[
"grille",
"grille"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪɲː/",
"note": "with palatalization",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "grind",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English grind",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "en",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English grind",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English grind",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grinden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "grindcore"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk clippings",
"nn:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of grindcore."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"grindcore",
"grindcore#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) Clipping of grindcore."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪnː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɪɲː/",
"note": "with palatalization",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse feminine consonant stem nouns",
"Old Norse feminine i-stem nouns",
"Old Norse feminine nouns",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrendʰ-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: grind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: grind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: grind"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grindar",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-decl-f-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindrinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grind f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "grindar",
"3": "grindr"
},
"expansion": "grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grind",
"3": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-i"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "grindirnar",
"api": "grindir",
"asd": "grindina",
"asi": "grind",
"dpd": "grindunum",
"dpi": "grindum",
"dsd": "grindinni",
"dsi": "grind",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "grindanna",
"gpi": "grinda",
"gsd": "grindarinnar",
"gsi": "grindar",
"notes": "",
"npd": "grindirnar",
"npi": "grindir",
"nsd": "grindin",
"nsi": "grind",
"stem": "strong i-stem",
"title": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindir",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindirnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindir",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindirnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindinni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindar",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindarinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grinda",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grind",
"3": "grind",
"gsd": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"gsi": "grindar, grindr"
},
"name": "non-decl-f-c"
},
{
"args": {
"apd": "grindrnar",
"api": "grindr",
"asd": "grindina",
"asi": "grind",
"dpd": "grindunum",
"dpi": "grindum",
"dsd": "grindinni",
"dsi": "grind",
"g": "feminine",
"gpd": "grindanna",
"gpi": "grinda",
"gsd": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"gsi": "grindar, grindr",
"notes": "",
"npd": "grindrnar",
"npi": "grindr",
"nsd": "grindin",
"nsi": "grind",
"stem": "strong consonant stem",
"title": "grind"
},
"name": "non-decl-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "nsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindin",
"2": "nsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindr",
"2": "npi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindrnar",
"2": "npd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "asi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindina",
"2": "asd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindr",
"2": "api"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindrnar",
"2": "apd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "dsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindinni",
"2": "dsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindum",
"2": "dpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindunum",
"2": "dpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindar, grindr",
"2": "gsi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindarinnar, grindrinnar",
"2": "gsd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grinda",
"2": "gpi"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grindanna",
"2": "gpd"
},
"name": "non-decl-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a gate made of spars or bars"
],
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"spar",
"spar"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"haven, dock"
],
"links": [
[
"haven",
"haven"
],
[
"dock",
"dock"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"storehouses"
],
"links": [
[
"storehouse",
"storehouse"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"sv:Heraldic charges"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "grind"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grind",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grindiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grindiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrendʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grind",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grinden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grinds",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grindars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grindarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "grind c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "grind c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grind",
"2": "grinden",
"3": "grindar",
"4": "grindarna",
"5": "grinds",
"6": "grindens",
"7": "grindars",
"8": "grindarnas",
"base": "grind",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A gate; door-like structure outside a building"
],
"links": [
[
"gate",
"gate"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sv:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"A gate, logical pathway"
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"logical",
"logical"
],
[
"pathway",
"pathway"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) A gate, logical pathway"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "grind"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Faroese]; cleaned text: f2",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Faroese]; cleaned text: f2",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: f-s3",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: f-s3",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for Historical inflection of grind",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. ¹Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.",
"path": [
"grind"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grind",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.