See 苦 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 苦 meaning in All languages combined (44.5kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"苦 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6 in traditional Chinese, 艸+5 in mainland China and Japanese, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿十口 (TJR), four-corner 4460₄, composition ⿱艹古)"
],
"id": "en-苦-mul-character-e-LtMXBz",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"艹",
"艹#Translingual"
],
[
"古",
"古#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "gān",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “bitter”",
"word": "甘"
},
{
"roman": "tián",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “bitter”",
"word": "甜"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一片苦心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不以為苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不以为苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不知甘苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不苦歡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不苦欢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不苦詐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不苦诈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùcíláokǔ",
"word": "不辭勞苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùcíláokǔ",
"word": "不辞劳苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "伶仃孤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hékǔ",
"word": "何苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "作苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hékǔlái",
"word": "何苦來"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hékǔlái",
"word": "何苦来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倒懸之苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倒悬之苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "停辛佇苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "備嘗艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "备尝艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "備嘗辛苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "备尝辛苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "免苦錢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "免苦钱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "八苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "míngsīkǔxiǎng",
"word": "冥思苦想"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "míngsīkǔsuǒ",
"word": "冥思苦索"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冤苦錢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冤苦钱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "分甘共苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kèkǔ",
"word": "刻苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "刻苦耐勞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "刻苦耐劳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "勞苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "劳苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láokǔgōnggāo",
"word": "勞苦功高"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "láokǔgōnggāo",
"word": "劳苦功高"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qínkǔ",
"word": "勤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "匏有苦葉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "匏有苦叶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "千辛百苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiānxīnwànkǔ",
"word": "千辛萬苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qiānxīnwànkǔ",
"word": "千辛万苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "厭苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "厌苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shòukǔ",
"word": "受苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiàokǔ",
"word": "叫苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiàokǔbùdié",
"word": "叫苦不迭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiàokǔliántiān",
"word": "叫苦連天"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiàokǔliántiān",
"word": "叫苦连天"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tónggāngòngkǔ",
"word": "同甘共苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "同甘同苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "合苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chīkǔ",
"word": "吃苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "吐苦水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chīkǔnàiláo",
"word": "吃苦耐勞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chīkǔnàiláo",
"word": "吃苦耐劳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chī kǔtou",
"word": "吃苦頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chī kǔtou",
"word": "吃苦头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hánxīnrúkǔ",
"word": "含辛茹苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mìngkǔ",
"word": "命苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "嘴甜心苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "嚥苦吞甘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "咽苦吞甘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "máitóukǔgàn",
"word": "埋頭苦幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "máitóukǔgàn",
"word": "埋头苦干"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "堅苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "坚苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "堅苦卓絕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "坚苦卓绝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "報苦窮兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "报苦穷儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "大苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gūkǔ",
"word": "孤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gūkǔlíngdīng",
"word": "孤苦伶仃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "孤苦無依"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "孤苦无依"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gūkǔlíngdīng",
"word": "孤苦零丁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "害苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "家貧命苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "家贫命苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "寒苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yìkǔsītián",
"word": "忆苦思甜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "怨憎會苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "怨憎会苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "恤孤念苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "恨苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "恨苦修行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "患苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bēikǔ",
"word": "悲苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "悽苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凄苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "愛別離苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "爱别离苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "愁眉苦目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "愁眉苦眼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chóuméikǔliǎn",
"word": "愁眉苦臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chóuméikǔliǎn",
"word": "愁眉苦脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chóukǔ",
"word": "愁苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "慳吝苦剋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "悭吝苦克"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "憐貧恤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "怜贫恤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wākǔ",
"word": "挖苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攢眉苦臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攒眉苦脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攻苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "攻苦食淡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "救苦救難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "救苦救难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "春宵苦短"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "有苦難言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "有苦难言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "毒藥苦口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "毒药苦口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "氣苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "气苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "淒風苦雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凄风苦雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "濟苦憐貧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "济苦怜贫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "濟貧拔苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "济贫拔苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "無邊苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "无边苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "煞費苦心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "煞费苦心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "犯顏苦諫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "犯颜苦谏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "甘瓜苦蒂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "甘盡苦來"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "甘尽苦来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gānkǔ",
"word": "甘苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tiánsuānkǔlà",
"word": "甜酸苦辣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "用心良苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "病苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jíkǔ",
"word": "疾苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "研精苦思"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "萬苦千辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "万苦千辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "脫離苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "脱离苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "自找苦吃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìkǔ",
"word": "自苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìtǎokǔchī",
"word": "自討苦吃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìtǎokǔchī",
"word": "自讨苦吃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艮苦冰涼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "艮苦冰凉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "良工心苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "liángyàokǔkǒu",
"word": "良藥苦口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "liángyàokǔkǒu",
"word": "良药苦口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艱苦卓絕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艰苦卓绝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艱苦奮鬥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艰苦奋斗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "芒芒苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔbùkānyán",
"word": "苦不堪言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦不聊生"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhōngzuòlè",
"word": "苦中作樂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhōngzuòlè",
"word": "苦中作乐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhǔ",
"word": "苦主"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦事"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦修"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxíng",
"word": "苦刑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔlì",
"word": "苦力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔgōng",
"word": "苦功"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔquàn",
"word": "苦勸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔquàn",
"word": "苦劝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔshēn",
"word": "苦參"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔshēn",
"word": "苦参"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔkǒu",
"word": "苦口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔkǒupóxīn",
"word": "苦口婆心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔmìng",
"word": "苦命"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔhāhā",
"word": "苦哈哈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦啾啾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔtǔ",
"word": "苦土"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦土肥料"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦地"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔjìng",
"word": "苦境"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦多"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦孜孜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦寒行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔgōng",
"word": "苦工"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦差事"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔgàn",
"word": "苦幹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔgàn",
"word": "苦干"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔdài",
"word": "苦待"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxīn",
"word": "苦心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心孤詣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心孤诣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心焦慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心焦虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心積慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心积虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦心竭力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxīnjīngyíng",
"word": "苦心經營"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxīnjīngyíng",
"word": "苦心经营"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔsī",
"word": "苦思"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦思惡想"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦思恶想"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦悶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦闷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔnǎo",
"word": "苦惱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔnǎo",
"word": "苦恼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦憶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦忆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhàn",
"word": "苦戰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhàn",
"word": "苦战"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦撐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦撑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔrìzi",
"word": "苦日子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔhàn",
"word": "苦旱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦李"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔguǒ",
"word": "苦果"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦業"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦业"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔliànzǐ",
"word": "苦楝子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦樂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦乐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔsǐ",
"word": "苦死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦殺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦杀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦求"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦河"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦活兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦活儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔhǎi",
"word": "苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦海無涯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦海无涯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦海無邊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦海无边"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔsè",
"word": "苦澀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔsè",
"word": "苦涩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦熬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔguā",
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦瓠子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦留"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔtòng",
"word": "苦痛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔjìngānlái",
"word": "苦盡甘來"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔjìngānlái",
"word": "苦尽甘来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦相"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦空"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦窳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhú",
"word": "苦竹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxiào",
"word": "苦笑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦等"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔjiè",
"word": "苦節"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔjiè",
"word": "苦节"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦累"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔliàn",
"word": "苦練"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔliàn",
"word": "苦练"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦繃苦拽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦绷苦拽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔròujì",
"word": "苦肉計"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔròujì",
"word": "苦肉计"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦腦子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦脑子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦船"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔ'ài",
"word": "苦艾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦苣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔkǔ",
"word": "苦苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦苦哀求"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦苦相逼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦苣苔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦茶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦茶油"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔtú",
"word": "苦荼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔcài",
"word": "苦菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦著臉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦著脸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔyì",
"word": "苦薏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxíng",
"word": "苦行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔzhōng",
"word": "苦衷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦言"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦諫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦谏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦買賣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦买卖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦車"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦车"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔxīn",
"word": "苦辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦雨淒風"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "苦雨凄风"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔtóu",
"word": "苦頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kǔtóu",
"word": "苦头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "茹苦含辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "茫茫苦海"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sùkǔ",
"word": "訴苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sùkǔ",
"word": "诉苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xīnxīnkǔkǔ",
"word": "辛辛苦苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "道傍苦李"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "suāntiánkǔlà",
"word": "酸甜苦辣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "零丁孤苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "顏苦孔卓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "颜苦孔卓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "顛連困苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "颠连困苦"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"2": "く",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦(く) (ku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고(苦)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고(苦) (go)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"2": "く",
"3": "고",
"4": "khổ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦",
"v": "苦",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "く",
"3": "고",
"4": "khổ"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*b-ka-(n/m/ŋ)",
"4": "*b-ka",
"5": "bitter; salty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka (“bitter; salty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཁ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan ཁ (kha, “bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗎖",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tangut 𗎖 (*khie¹, “bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jacques, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Jacques, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "肝",
"2": "liver"
},
"expansion": "肝 (OC *kaːn, “liver”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka (“bitter; salty”); compare Tibetan ཁ (kha, “bitter”), Tangut 𗎖 (*khie¹, “bitter”) (STEDT; Jacques, 2014). Within Chinese, cognate with 肝 (OC *kaːn, “liver”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tián",
"word": "甜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "suān",
"word": "酸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xián",
"word": "鹹"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xián",
"word": "咸"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "là",
"word": "辣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiānwèi",
"word": "鮮味"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiānwèi",
"word": "鲜味"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 12 6 18 19 5 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "zh:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "苦瓜 ― kǔguā ― bittermelon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-u-jpUx4B",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tú, “bitter plant”",
"word": "荼"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 11 6 22 9 17 20 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 12 6 18 19 5 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "zh:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 荼 (tú, “bitter plant”)."
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-WfscPeyg",
"links": [
[
"荼",
"荼#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult; painful; hard"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-6s2oIRl4",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 84 3 1 4 4 1 0",
"roman": "nánguò",
"sense": "difficult",
"word": "難過"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 84 3 1 4 4 1 0",
"roman": "nánguò",
"sense": "difficult",
"word": "难过"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 6 22 9 17 20 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 12 6 18 19 5 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "zh:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "laborious; hard; miserable",
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"text": "辛苦"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-cKnWnUvI",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"excessive"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-L0fmJ8a5",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) excessive"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 8 13 16 7 30 20 2 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 6 22 9 17 20 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 12 6 18 19 5 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "zh:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cause someone suffering; to give someone a hard time"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-1gAahmjT",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause someone suffering; to give someone a hard time"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 19 1 7 15 4 31 1 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 6 22 9 17 20 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "zh:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 10 12 6 18 19 5 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "zh:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Emperor) Wu of Wei said: \"Men suffer from insatiability, already having Longyou yet still wanting to get Shu!\"",
"ref": "魏武曰：「人苦無足，既得隴右，復欲得蜀！」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "魏武曰：「人苦无足，既得陇右，复欲得蜀！」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin\nWèi Wǔ yuē: “Rén kǔ wúzú, jì dé Lǒngyòu, fù yù dé Shǔ!” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to suffer from; to be handicapped by"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-h4L16qlm",
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"handicapped",
"handicapped"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 8 1 5 8 4 68 1 4",
"roman": "kǔyú",
"sense": "to suffer from",
"word": "苦於"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 8 1 5 8 4 68 1 4",
"roman": "kǔyú",
"sense": "to suffer from",
"word": "苦于"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Min Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to worry about; to be concerned about"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-GL0wJq5p",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or Eastern Min) to worry about; to be concerned about"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern",
"Min",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to force a smile",
"roman": "kǔxiào",
"text": "苦笑"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strenuously; painstakingly"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-YN1BctNQ",
"links": [
[
"strenuously",
"strenuously"
],
[
"painstakingly",
"painstakingly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kou²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ку"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kū"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qor"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khóu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khu^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰu³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰˤaʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùxiànghuà",
"word": "不像話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùxiànghuà",
"word": "不像话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùchénghuà",
"word": "不成話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùchénghuà",
"word": "不成话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "thoughts, attitudes",
"roman": "piānjī",
"word": "偏激"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tàishèn",
"word": "太甚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tàiguò",
"word": "太過"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tàiguò",
"word": "太过"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòfèn",
"word": "過分"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòfèn",
"word": "过分"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòdù",
"word": "過度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòdù",
"word": "过度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòhuǒ",
"word": "過火"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòhuǒ",
"word": "过火"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòshèn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "過甚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòshèn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "过甚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòdàng",
"word": "過當"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòdàng",
"word": "过当"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòtóu",
"word": "過頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guòtóu",
"word": "过头"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gǔ",
"word": "盬"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 盬 (gǔ)"
],
"id": "en-苦-zh-character-81mnInrv",
"links": [
[
"盬",
"盬#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kudo",
"word": "苦土: magnesia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "magnesium oxide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kunai",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"無",
"ない"
]
],
"word": "苦無: a kunai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "bitter tea",
"roman": "kumei",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"茗",
"めい"
]
],
"word": "苦茗"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter taste"
],
"id": "en-苦-ja-character-Z9VPPRkx",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain, anguish, suffering, discomfort, hardship, worry"
],
"id": "en-苦-ja-character-lLOoUNFZ",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"discomfort",
"discomfort"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 41 6 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 40 8 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 40 7 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 40 8 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 8 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dukkha, suffering"
],
"id": "en-苦-ja-character-oLIqXEr6",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"dukkha",
"dukkha"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) dukkha, suffering"
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kunai"
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "く"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦",
"3": "",
"4": "suffering",
"tr": "khu^X"
},
"expansion": "苦 (khu^X, “suffering”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 苦 (khu^X, “suffering”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "く"
},
"expansion": "苦(く) • (ku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffering"
],
"id": "en-苦-ja-noun-~r6JZ68A",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 41 6 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 40 8 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 40 7 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 40 8 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dukkha"
],
"id": "en-苦-ja-noun-FH9VlRxI",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"dukkha",
"dukkha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) dukkha"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "く"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dukkha",
"ja:苦"
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "괴로울 고",
"roman": "goeroul go",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "괴로울",
"2": "고"
},
"expansion": "苦 (eumhun 괴로울 고 (goeroul go))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffering, pain",
"word": "고"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "苦悶",
"english": "worry",
"roman": "gomin",
"word": "고민"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 고 (“suffering, pain”)."
],
"id": "en-苦-ko-character-S~BenmVj",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"고",
"고#Korean"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[고]"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦: Hán Việt readings: khổ 苦: Nôm readings: cỏ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khủ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khổ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "cô",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-苦-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "𦹵"
},
{
"word": "𦹯"
}
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "gān",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “bitter”",
"word": "甘"
},
{
"roman": "tián",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “bitter”",
"word": "甜"
}
],
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min adverbs",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"zh-pron usage missing POS",
"zh:Emotions",
"zh:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一片苦心"
},
{
"word": "不以為苦"
},
{
"word": "不以为苦"
},
{
"word": "不知甘苦"
},
{
"word": "不苦歡"
},
{
"word": "不苦欢"
},
{
"word": "不苦詐"
},
{
"word": "不苦诈"
},
{
"roman": "bùcíláokǔ",
"word": "不辭勞苦"
},
{
"roman": "bùcíláokǔ",
"word": "不辞劳苦"
},
{
"word": "伶仃孤苦"
},
{
"roman": "hékǔ",
"word": "何苦"
},
{
"word": "作苦"
},
{
"roman": "hékǔlái",
"word": "何苦來"
},
{
"roman": "hékǔlái",
"word": "何苦来"
},
{
"word": "倒懸之苦"
},
{
"word": "倒悬之苦"
},
{
"word": "停辛佇苦"
},
{
"word": "備嘗艱苦"
},
{
"word": "备尝艰苦"
},
{
"word": "備嘗辛苦"
},
{
"word": "备尝辛苦"
},
{
"word": "免苦錢"
},
{
"word": "免苦钱"
},
{
"word": "八苦"
},
{
"roman": "míngsīkǔxiǎng",
"word": "冥思苦想"
},
{
"roman": "míngsīkǔsuǒ",
"word": "冥思苦索"
},
{
"word": "冤苦"
},
{
"word": "冤苦錢"
},
{
"word": "冤苦钱"
},
{
"word": "分甘共苦"
},
{
"roman": "kèkǔ",
"word": "刻苦"
},
{
"word": "刻苦耐勞"
},
{
"word": "刻苦耐劳"
},
{
"word": "勞苦"
},
{
"word": "劳苦"
},
{
"roman": "láokǔgōnggāo",
"word": "勞苦功高"
},
{
"roman": "láokǔgōnggāo",
"word": "劳苦功高"
},
{
"roman": "qínkǔ",
"word": "勤苦"
},
{
"word": "匏有苦葉"
},
{
"word": "匏有苦叶"
},
{
"word": "千辛百苦"
},
{
"roman": "qiānxīnwànkǔ",
"word": "千辛萬苦"
},
{
"roman": "qiānxīnwànkǔ",
"word": "千辛万苦"
},
{
"word": "厭苦"
},
{
"word": "厌苦"
},
{
"roman": "shòukǔ",
"word": "受苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiàokǔ",
"word": "叫苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiàokǔbùdié",
"word": "叫苦不迭"
},
{
"roman": "jiàokǔliántiān",
"word": "叫苦連天"
},
{
"roman": "jiàokǔliántiān",
"word": "叫苦连天"
},
{
"roman": "tónggāngòngkǔ",
"word": "同甘共苦"
},
{
"word": "同甘同苦"
},
{
"word": "合苦"
},
{
"roman": "chīkǔ",
"word": "吃苦"
},
{
"word": "吐苦水"
},
{
"roman": "chīkǔnàiláo",
"word": "吃苦耐勞"
},
{
"roman": "chīkǔnàiláo",
"word": "吃苦耐劳"
},
{
"roman": "chī kǔtou",
"word": "吃苦頭"
},
{
"roman": "chī kǔtou",
"word": "吃苦头"
},
{
"roman": "hánxīnrúkǔ",
"word": "含辛茹苦"
},
{
"roman": "mìngkǔ",
"word": "命苦"
},
{
"word": "嘴甜心苦"
},
{
"word": "嚥苦吞甘"
},
{
"word": "咽苦吞甘"
},
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"roman": "máitóukǔgàn",
"word": "埋頭苦幹"
},
{
"roman": "máitóukǔgàn",
"word": "埋头苦干"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "堅苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "坚苦"
},
{
"word": "堅苦卓絕"
},
{
"word": "坚苦卓绝"
},
{
"word": "報苦窮兒"
},
{
"word": "报苦穷儿"
},
{
"word": "大苦"
},
{
"roman": "gūkǔ",
"word": "孤苦"
},
{
"roman": "gūkǔlíngdīng",
"word": "孤苦伶仃"
},
{
"word": "孤苦無依"
},
{
"word": "孤苦无依"
},
{
"roman": "gūkǔlíngdīng",
"word": "孤苦零丁"
},
{
"word": "害苦"
},
{
"word": "家貧命苦"
},
{
"word": "家贫命苦"
},
{
"word": "寒苦"
},
{
"roman": "yìkǔsītián",
"word": "忆苦思甜"
},
{
"word": "怨憎會苦"
},
{
"word": "怨憎会苦"
},
{
"word": "恤孤念苦"
},
{
"word": "恨苦"
},
{
"word": "恨苦修行"
},
{
"word": "患苦"
},
{
"roman": "bēikǔ",
"word": "悲苦"
},
{
"word": "悽苦"
},
{
"word": "凄苦"
},
{
"word": "愛別離苦"
},
{
"word": "爱别离苦"
},
{
"word": "愁眉苦目"
},
{
"word": "愁眉苦眼"
},
{
"roman": "chóuméikǔliǎn",
"word": "愁眉苦臉"
},
{
"roman": "chóuméikǔliǎn",
"word": "愁眉苦脸"
},
{
"roman": "chóukǔ",
"word": "愁苦"
},
{
"word": "慳吝苦剋"
},
{
"word": "悭吝苦克"
},
{
"word": "憐貧恤苦"
},
{
"word": "怜贫恤苦"
},
{
"roman": "wākǔ",
"word": "挖苦"
},
{
"word": "攢眉苦臉"
},
{
"word": "攒眉苦脸"
},
{
"word": "攻苦"
},
{
"word": "攻苦食淡"
},
{
"word": "救苦救難"
},
{
"word": "救苦救难"
},
{
"word": "春宵苦短"
},
{
"word": "有苦難言"
},
{
"word": "有苦难言"
},
{
"word": "毒藥苦口"
},
{
"word": "毒药苦口"
},
{
"word": "氣苦"
},
{
"word": "气苦"
},
{
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"word": "淒風苦雨"
},
{
"word": "凄风苦雨"
},
{
"word": "濟苦憐貧"
},
{
"word": "济苦怜贫"
},
{
"word": "濟貧拔苦"
},
{
"word": "济贫拔苦"
},
{
"word": "無邊苦海"
},
{
"word": "无边苦海"
},
{
"word": "煞費苦心"
},
{
"word": "煞费苦心"
},
{
"word": "犯顏苦諫"
},
{
"word": "犯颜苦谏"
},
{
"word": "甘瓜苦蒂"
},
{
"word": "甘盡苦來"
},
{
"word": "甘尽苦来"
},
{
"roman": "gānkǔ",
"word": "甘苦"
},
{
"roman": "tiánsuānkǔlà",
"word": "甜酸苦辣"
},
{
"word": "用心良苦"
},
{
"word": "病苦"
},
{
"roman": "jíkǔ",
"word": "疾苦"
},
{
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"word": "研精苦思"
},
{
"word": "萬苦千辛"
},
{
"word": "万苦千辛"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"word": "脫離苦海"
},
{
"word": "脱离苦海"
},
{
"word": "自找苦吃"
},
{
"roman": "zìkǔ",
"word": "自苦"
},
{
"roman": "zìtǎokǔchī",
"word": "自討苦吃"
},
{
"roman": "zìtǎokǔchī",
"word": "自讨苦吃"
},
{
"word": "艮苦冰涼"
},
{
"word": "艮苦冰凉"
},
{
"word": "良工心苦"
},
{
"roman": "liángyàokǔkǒu",
"word": "良藥苦口"
},
{
"roman": "liángyàokǔkǒu",
"word": "良药苦口"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艱苦卓絕"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔzhuójué",
"word": "艰苦卓绝"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艱苦奮鬥"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔfèndòu",
"word": "艰苦奋斗"
},
{
"word": "芒芒苦海"
},
{
"roman": "kǔbùkānyán",
"word": "苦不堪言"
},
{
"word": "苦不聊生"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhōngzuòlè",
"word": "苦中作樂"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhōngzuòlè",
"word": "苦中作乐"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhǔ",
"word": "苦主"
},
{
"word": "苦事"
},
{
"word": "苦人"
},
{
"word": "苦修"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxíng",
"word": "苦刑"
},
{
"roman": "kǔlì",
"word": "苦力"
},
{
"roman": "kǔgōng",
"word": "苦功"
},
{
"roman": "kǔquàn",
"word": "苦勸"
},
{
"roman": "kǔquàn",
"word": "苦劝"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshēn",
"word": "苦參"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshēn",
"word": "苦参"
},
{
"roman": "kǔkǒu",
"word": "苦口"
},
{
"roman": "kǔkǒupóxīn",
"word": "苦口婆心"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmìng",
"word": "苦命"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhāhā",
"word": "苦哈哈"
},
{
"word": "苦啾啾"
},
{
"roman": "kǔtǔ",
"word": "苦土"
},
{
"word": "苦土肥料"
},
{
"word": "苦地"
},
{
"roman": "kǔjìng",
"word": "苦境"
},
{
"word": "苦夏"
},
{
"word": "苦多"
},
{
"word": "苦子"
},
{
"word": "苦孜孜"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"word": "苦寒行"
},
{
"roman": "kǔgōng",
"word": "苦工"
},
{
"word": "苦差事"
},
{
"roman": "kǔgàn",
"word": "苦幹"
},
{
"roman": "kǔgàn",
"word": "苦干"
},
{
"roman": "kǔdài",
"word": "苦待"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxīn",
"word": "苦心"
},
{
"word": "苦心孤詣"
},
{
"word": "苦心孤诣"
},
{
"word": "苦心焦慮"
},
{
"word": "苦心焦虑"
},
{
"word": "苦心積慮"
},
{
"word": "苦心积虑"
},
{
"word": "苦心竭力"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxīnjīngyíng",
"word": "苦心經營"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxīnjīngyíng",
"word": "苦心经营"
},
{
"roman": "kǔsī",
"word": "苦思"
},
{
"word": "苦思惡想"
},
{
"word": "苦思恶想"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦悶"
},
{
"roman": "kǔmèn",
"word": "苦闷"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnǎo",
"word": "苦惱"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnǎo",
"word": "苦恼"
},
{
"word": "苦憶"
},
{
"word": "苦忆"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhàn",
"word": "苦戰"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhàn",
"word": "苦战"
},
{
"word": "苦手"
},
{
"word": "苦撐"
},
{
"word": "苦撑"
},
{
"roman": "kǔrìzi",
"word": "苦日子"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhàn",
"word": "苦旱"
},
{
"word": "苦李"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguǒ",
"word": "苦果"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"word": "苦業"
},
{
"word": "苦业"
},
{
"roman": "kǔliànzǐ",
"word": "苦楝子"
},
{
"word": "苦樂"
},
{
"word": "苦乐"
},
{
"roman": "kǔsǐ",
"word": "苦死"
},
{
"word": "苦殺"
},
{
"word": "苦杀"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"word": "苦求"
},
{
"word": "苦河"
},
{
"word": "苦活兒"
},
{
"word": "苦活儿"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhǎi",
"word": "苦海"
},
{
"word": "苦海無涯"
},
{
"word": "苦海无涯"
},
{
"word": "苦海無邊"
},
{
"word": "苦海无边"
},
{
"roman": "kǔsè",
"word": "苦澀"
},
{
"roman": "kǔsè",
"word": "苦涩"
},
{
"word": "苦熬"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguā",
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"word": "苦瓠子"
},
{
"word": "苦留"
},
{
"roman": "kǔtòng",
"word": "苦痛"
},
{
"roman": "kǔjìngānlái",
"word": "苦盡甘來"
},
{
"roman": "kǔjìngānlái",
"word": "苦尽甘来"
},
{
"word": "苦相"
},
{
"word": "苦空"
},
{
"word": "苦窳"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhú",
"word": "苦竹"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxiào",
"word": "苦笑"
},
{
"word": "苦等"
},
{
"roman": "kǔjiè",
"word": "苦節"
},
{
"roman": "kǔjiè",
"word": "苦节"
},
{
"word": "苦累"
},
{
"roman": "kǔliàn",
"word": "苦練"
},
{
"roman": "kǔliàn",
"word": "苦练"
},
{
"word": "苦繃苦拽"
},
{
"word": "苦绷苦拽"
},
{
"roman": "kǔròujì",
"word": "苦肉計"
},
{
"roman": "kǔròujì",
"word": "苦肉计"
},
{
"word": "苦腦子"
},
{
"word": "苦脑子"
},
{
"word": "苦船"
},
{
"roman": "kǔ'ài",
"word": "苦艾"
},
{
"word": "苦苣"
},
{
"roman": "kǔkǔ",
"word": "苦苦"
},
{
"word": "苦苦哀求"
},
{
"word": "苦苦相逼"
},
{
"word": "苦苣苔"
},
{
"word": "苦茶"
},
{
"word": "苦茶油"
},
{
"roman": "kǔtú",
"word": "苦荼"
},
{
"roman": "kǔcài",
"word": "苦菜"
},
{
"word": "苦著臉"
},
{
"word": "苦著脸"
},
{
"roman": "kǔyì",
"word": "苦薏"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxíng",
"word": "苦行"
},
{
"roman": "kǔzhōng",
"word": "苦衷"
},
{
"word": "苦言"
},
{
"word": "苦諫"
},
{
"word": "苦谏"
},
{
"word": "苦買賣"
},
{
"word": "苦买卖"
},
{
"word": "苦車"
},
{
"word": "苦车"
},
{
"roman": "kǔxīn",
"word": "苦辛"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"word": "苦雨"
},
{
"word": "苦雨淒風"
},
{
"word": "苦雨凄风"
},
{
"roman": "kǔtóu",
"word": "苦頭"
},
{
"roman": "kǔtóu",
"word": "苦头"
},
{
"word": "茹苦含辛"
},
{
"word": "茫茫苦海"
},
{
"roman": "sùkǔ",
"word": "訴苦"
},
{
"roman": "sùkǔ",
"word": "诉苦"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"roman": "xīnxīnkǔkǔ",
"word": "辛辛苦苦"
},
{
"word": "道傍苦李"
},
{
"roman": "suāntiánkǔlà",
"word": "酸甜苦辣"
},
{
"word": "零丁孤苦"
},
{
"word": "顏苦孔卓"
},
{
"word": "颜苦孔卓"
},
{
"word": "顛連困苦"
},
{
"word": "颠连困苦"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"2": "く",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦(く) (ku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고(苦)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고(苦) (go)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦",
"2": "く",
"3": "고",
"4": "khổ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦",
"v": "苦",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "く",
"3": "고",
"4": "khổ"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く) (ku)\n* → Korean: 고(苦) (go)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ (苦)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*b-ka-(n/m/ŋ)",
"4": "*b-ka",
"5": "bitter; salty"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka (“bitter; salty”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཁ",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan ཁ (kha, “bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗎖",
"3": "",
"4": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tangut 𗎖 (*khie¹, “bitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jacques, 2014"
},
"expansion": "Jacques, 2014",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "肝",
"2": "liver"
},
"expansion": "肝 (OC *kaːn, “liver”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka (“bitter; salty”); compare Tibetan ཁ (kha, “bitter”), Tangut 𗎖 (*khie¹, “bitter”) (STEDT; Jacques, 2014). Within Chinese, cognate with 肝 (OC *kaːn, “liver”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"roman": "tián",
"word": "甜"
},
{
"roman": "suān",
"word": "酸"
},
{
"roman": "xián",
"word": "鹹"
},
{
"roman": "xián",
"word": "咸"
},
{
"roman": "là",
"word": "辣"
},
{
"roman": "xiānwèi",
"word": "鮮味"
},
{
"roman": "xiānwèi",
"word": "鲜味"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "苦瓜 ― kǔguā ― bittermelon"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tú, “bitter plant”",
"word": "荼"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 荼 (tú, “bitter plant”)."
],
"links": [
[
"荼",
"荼#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult; painful; hard"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "laborious; hard; miserable",
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"text": "辛苦"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"excessive"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) excessive"
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cause someone suffering; to give someone a hard time"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to cause someone suffering; to give someone a hard time"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(Emperor) Wu of Wei said: \"Men suffer from insatiability, already having Longyou yet still wanting to get Shu!\"",
"ref": "魏武曰：「人苦無足，既得隴右，復欲得蜀！」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "魏武曰：「人苦无足，既得陇右，复欲得蜀！」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin\nWèi Wǔ yuē: “Rén kǔ wúzú, jì dé Lǒngyòu, fù yù dé Shǔ!” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to suffer from; to be handicapped by"
],
"links": [
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"handicapped",
"handicapped"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Eastern Min Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"to worry about; to be concerned about"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"concerned",
"concerned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or Eastern Min) to worry about; to be concerned about"
],
"tags": [
"Eastern",
"Min",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to force a smile",
"roman": "kǔxiào",
"text": "苦笑"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strenuously; painstakingly"
],
"links": [
[
"strenuously",
"strenuously"
],
[
"painstakingly",
"painstakingly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kou²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ку"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "ku"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu²"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku`"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kū"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qor"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khóu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khu^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰu³⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰˤaʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːʔ/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "nánguò",
"sense": "difficult",
"word": "難過"
},
{
"roman": "nánguò",
"sense": "difficult",
"word": "难过"
},
{
"roman": "bùxiànghuà",
"word": "不像話"
},
{
"roman": "bùxiànghuà",
"word": "不像话"
},
{
"roman": "bùchénghuà",
"word": "不成話"
},
{
"roman": "bùchénghuà",
"word": "不成话"
},
{
"english": "thoughts, attitudes",
"roman": "piānjī",
"word": "偏激"
},
{
"roman": "tàishèn",
"word": "太甚"
},
{
"roman": "tàiguò",
"word": "太過"
},
{
"roman": "tàiguò",
"word": "太过"
},
{
"roman": "guòfèn",
"word": "過分"
},
{
"roman": "guòfèn",
"word": "过分"
},
{
"roman": "guòdù",
"word": "過度"
},
{
"roman": "guòdù",
"word": "过度"
},
{
"roman": "guòhuǒ",
"word": "過火"
},
{
"roman": "guòhuǒ",
"word": "过火"
},
{
"roman": "guòshèn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "過甚"
},
{
"roman": "guòshèn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "过甚"
},
{
"roman": "guòdàng",
"word": "過當"
},
{
"roman": "guòdàng",
"word": "过当"
},
{
"roman": "guòtóu",
"word": "過頭"
},
{
"roman": "guòtóu",
"word": "过头"
},
{
"roman": "kǔyú",
"sense": "to suffer from",
"word": "苦於"
},
{
"roman": "kǔyú",
"sense": "to suffer from",
"word": "苦于"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zh-pron usage missing POS",
"zh:Emotions",
"zh:Taste"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "苦",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gǔ",
"word": "盬"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 盬 (gǔ)"
],
"links": [
[
"盬",
"盬#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gǔ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "guu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ku²¹⁴/"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading く",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くる-しい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くる-しみ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くる-しむ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くる-しむめる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くる-しめる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にが-い",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にが-み",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にが-む",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にが-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にが-る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はなは-だ",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 苦",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kudo",
"word": "苦土: magnesia"
},
{
"word": "magnesium oxide"
},
{
"roman": "kunai",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"無",
"ない"
]
],
"word": "苦無: a kunai"
},
{
"english": "bitter tea",
"roman": "kumei",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"茗",
"めい"
]
],
"word": "苦茗"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter taste"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain, anguish, suffering, discomfort, hardship, worry"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"discomfort",
"discomfort"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"worry",
"worry"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"dukkha, suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"dukkha",
"dukkha"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) dukkha, suffering"
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kunai"
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 苦",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "く"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦",
"3": "",
"4": "suffering",
"tr": "khu^X"
},
"expansion": "苦 (khu^X, “suffering”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 苦 (khu^X, “suffering”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "く"
},
"expansion": "苦(く) • (ku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"dukkha"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"dukkha",
"dukkha"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) dukkha"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "く"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dukkha",
"ja:苦"
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "苦悶",
"english": "worry",
"roman": "gomin",
"word": "고민"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "괴로울 고",
"roman": "goeroul go",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "괴로울",
"2": "고"
},
"expansion": "苦 (eumhun 괴로울 고 (goeroul go))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffering, pain",
"word": "고"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 고 (“suffering, pain”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"고",
"고#Korean"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko̞]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[고]"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"苦 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6 in traditional Chinese, 艸+5 in mainland China and Japanese, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿十口 (TJR), four-corner 4460₄, composition ⿱艹古)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"艹",
"艹#Translingual"
],
[
"古",
"古#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦: Hán Việt readings: khổ 苦: Nôm readings: cỏ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khủ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "khổ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "cô",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Nom",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "𦹵"
},
{
"word": "𦹯"
}
],
"word": "苦"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: '苦: Hán Việt readings: khổ 苦: Nôm readings: cỏ' in '苦: Hán Việt readings: khổ 苦: Nôm readings: cỏ, khó, khủ, khổ, cô'",
"path": [
"苦"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "苦",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.