See 苦難 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering; misery; distress"
],
"id": "en-苦難-zh-noun-~-Ik4yQq",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tòngchǔ",
"word": "痛楚"
},
{
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隱痛"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隐痛"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^ˋ nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦%難",
"2": "く%なん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고난(苦難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "く%なん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦%難",
"v": "苦難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "く%なん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"j": "苦%難"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard; miserable; distressing"
],
"id": "en-苦難-zh-adj-5wDugQ4C",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艱辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艰辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^ˋ nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦難",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kunan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くなん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)難(なん) • (kunan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had to overcome quite many hardships.",
"roman": "Kare wa ikuta mono kunan o norikoete kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"幾多",
"いくた"
],
[
"苦難",
"くなん"
],
[
"乗",
"の"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "彼は幾多もの苦難を乗り越えてきた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"id": "en-苦難-ja-noun-cKnWnUvI",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 苦",
"Chinese terms spelled with 難",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering; misery; distress"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^ˋ nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tòngchǔ",
"word": "痛楚"
},
{
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隱痛"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隐痛"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 苦",
"Chinese terms spelled with 難",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦%難",
"2": "く%なん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고난(苦難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "く%なん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦%難",
"v": "苦難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "く%なん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"j": "苦%難"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦(く)難(なん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard; miserable; distressing"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ku^ˋ nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艱辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānxīn",
"word": "艰辛"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦難",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"く"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kunan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くなん"
},
"expansion": "苦(く)難(なん) • (kunan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He had to overcome quite many hardships.",
"roman": "Kare wa ikuta mono kunan o norikoete kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"幾多",
"いくた"
],
[
"苦難",
"くなん"
],
[
"乗",
"の"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "彼は幾多もの苦難を乗り越えてきた。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦難 meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%8B%A6%E8%99%95'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E8%89%B1%E9%9B%A3'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦難",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.