See 苦難 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 苦難 meaning in Chinese (8.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering; misery; distress"
],
"id": "en-苦難-zh-noun-~-Ik4yQq",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tòngchǔ",
"word": "痛楚"
},
{
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隱痛"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隐痛"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku` nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "くなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦難(くなん) (kunan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고난(苦難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦難",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "くなん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦難",
"v": "苦難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "くなん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard; miserable; distressing"
],
"id": "en-苦難-zh-adj-5wDugQ4C",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku` nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardship; suffering; misery; distress"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku` nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tòngchǔ",
"word": "痛楚"
},
{
"roman": "tòngkǔ",
"word": "痛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchǔ",
"word": "苦楚"
},
{
"roman": "kǔshuǐ",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "苦水"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦處"
},
{
"roman": "kǔchù",
"word": "苦处"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隱痛"
},
{
"roman": "yǐntòng",
"word": "隐痛"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Advanced Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "くなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "苦難(くなん) (kunan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고난(苦難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦難",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦難",
"2": "くなん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦難",
"v": "苦難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "くなん",
"3": "고난",
"4": "khổ nạn"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦難):\n* → Japanese: 苦難(くなん) (kunan)\n* → Korean: 고난(苦難) (gonan)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "苦難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard; miserable; distressing"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
],
[
"distressing",
"distressing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔnàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-nan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuunann"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кунань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú naahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² naan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² nan⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khú-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku` nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-lān"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoflan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ naːn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
],
"word": "苦難"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.