See 困難 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 困難 meaning in Chinese (17.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "róngyì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"difficult\"",
"word": "容易"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You have all chosen a difficult path.",
"ref": "你們選擇了一條困難之路。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你们选择了一条困难之路。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐmen xuǎnzé le yī tiáo kùnnan zhī lù. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard; difficult; challenging"
],
"id": "en-困難-zh-adj-6K~A6Mv~",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "disadvantaged children",
"roman": "kùnnan értóng",
"text": "困難兒童／困难儿童"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor; impoverished; disadvantaged"
],
"id": "en-困難-zh-adj-xu~DFCyp",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished"
],
[
"disadvantaged",
"disadvantaged"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ nang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnån"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuenn.nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuennnan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun⁴ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "quonlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng nâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwonH nan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "厄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùnfá",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "困乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùnjiǒng",
"word": "困窘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困窮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困穷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困頓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困顿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "宋凶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散凶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dànbó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "淡薄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清貧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清贫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "㾪赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "磽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "硗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "䆀康"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kòngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "空乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "窄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǒngcù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窘促"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǒngkùn",
"word": "窘困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǒngpò",
"word": "窘迫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "窮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "穷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窮乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穷乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "窮困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "穷困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮㾪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷㾪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷赤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "貧乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "贫乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "貧困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "贫困"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínhán",
"word": "貧寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínhán",
"word": "贫寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "貧瘠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "贫瘠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "貧窮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "贫穷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
}
],
"word": "困難"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "困難"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "困難",
"2": "こんなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "困難(こんなん) (konnan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "곤란(困難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "困難",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khốn nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "困難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "困難",
"2": "こんなん",
"3": "곤란",
"4": "khốn nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "困難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "困難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "困難",
"v": "困難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こんなん",
"3": "곤란",
"4": "khốn nạn"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"word": "呼吸困難"
},
{
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"word": "呼吸困难"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be afraid of difficulties",
"roman": "hàipà kùnnan",
"text": "害怕困難／害怕困难"
},
{
"english": "to overcome difficulties",
"roman": "kèfú kùnnan",
"text": "克服困難／克服困难"
},
{
"english": "(to have) breathing difficulty",
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"text": "呼吸困難／呼吸困难"
},
{
"english": "to have many difficulties",
"roman": "kùnnan chóngchóng",
"text": "困難重重／困难重重"
},
{
"english": "difficulties finding a job",
"roman": "jiùyè kùnnan",
"text": "就業困難／就业困难"
},
{
"english": "You can come find me if you have any difficulties.",
"ref": "有什麼困難可以來找我。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "有什么困难可以来找我。 [MSC, simp.]\nYǒu shénme kùnnan kěyǐ lái zhǎo wǒ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Difficulties can be overcome so long as you have confidence.",
"ref": "只要有信心，困難必戰勝。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "只要有信心，困难必战胜。 [MSC, simp.]\nZhǐyào yǒu xìnxīn, kùnnan bì zhànshèng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Although my reading skills are very good, I have some difficulty conversing with Chinese people.",
"ref": "雖然我的閱讀水平很好，但是跟中國人講話有點困難。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "虽然我的阅读水平很好，但是跟中国人讲话有点困难。 [MSC, simp.]\nSuīrán wǒ de yuèdú shuǐpíng hěn hǎo, dànshì gēn zhōngguórén jiǎnghuà yǒudiǎn kùnnan. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty; challenge; dire straits; hardships"
],
"id": "en-困難-zh-noun-yPcU2upT",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"dire straits",
"dire straits"
],
[
"hardships",
"hardships"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùnjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "困急"
},
{
"roman": "kùnnan de shìqing",
"word": "困難的事情"
},
{
"roman": "kùnnan de shìqing",
"word": "困难的事情"
},
{
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"word": "挑战"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ nang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnån"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuenn.nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuennnan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun⁴ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "quonlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng nâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwonH nan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "困難"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "róngyì",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"difficult\"",
"word": "容易"
}
],
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You have all chosen a difficult path.",
"ref": "你們選擇了一條困難之路。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "你们选择了一条困难之路。 [MSC, simp.]\nNǐmen xuǎnzé le yī tiáo kùnnan zhī lù. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard; difficult; challenging"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "disadvantaged children",
"roman": "kùnnan értóng",
"text": "困難兒童／困难儿童"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poor; impoverished; disadvantaged"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"impoverished",
"impoverished"
],
[
"disadvantaged",
"disadvantaged"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ nang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnån"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuenn.nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuennnan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun⁴ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "quonlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng nâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwonH nan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnán",
"word": "艰难"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "厄"
},
{
"roman": "kùnfá",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "困乏"
},
{
"roman": "kùnjiǒng",
"word": "困窘"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困窮"
},
{
"roman": "kùnqióng",
"word": "困穷"
},
{
"roman": "kùnkǔ",
"word": "困苦"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困頓"
},
{
"roman": "kùndùn",
"word": "困顿"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "宋凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散凶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "散赤"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngkǔ",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清苦"
},
{
"roman": "dànbó",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "淡薄"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清貧"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of scholars and intellectuals"
],
"roman": "qīngpín",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "清贫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "㾪赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "磽"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "硗"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "䆀康"
},
{
"roman": "kòngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "空乏"
},
{
"word": "窄"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngcù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窘促"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngkùn",
"word": "窘困"
},
{
"roman": "jiǒngpò",
"word": "窘迫"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "窮"
},
{
"roman": "qióng",
"word": "穷"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "窮乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngfá",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "穷乏"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "窮困"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkùn",
"word": "穷困"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮㾪"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷㾪"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "窮苦"
},
{
"roman": "qióngkǔ",
"word": "穷苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "窮赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "穷赤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔhán",
"word": "苦寒"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "貧乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínfá",
"word": "贫乏"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "貧困"
},
{
"roman": "pínkùn",
"word": "贫困"
},
{
"roman": "pínhán",
"word": "貧寒"
},
{
"roman": "pínhán",
"word": "贫寒"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "貧瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "贫瘠"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "貧窮"
},
{
"roman": "pínqióng",
"word": "贫穷"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "貧苦"
},
{
"roman": "pínkǔ",
"word": "贫苦"
}
],
"word": "困難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"word": "呼吸困難"
},
{
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"word": "呼吸困难"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "困難"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "困難",
"2": "こんなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "困難(こんなん) (konnan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "곤란(困難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "困難",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khốn nạn",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "困難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "困難",
"2": "こんなん",
"3": "곤란",
"4": "khốn nạn",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "困難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "困難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "困難",
"v": "困難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "こんなん",
"3": "곤란",
"4": "khốn nạn"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (困難):\n* → Japanese: 困難(こんなん) (konnan)\n* → Korean: 곤란(困難) (gollan)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn nạn (困難)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "困難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with collocations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be afraid of difficulties",
"roman": "hàipà kùnnan",
"text": "害怕困難／害怕困难"
},
{
"english": "to overcome difficulties",
"roman": "kèfú kùnnan",
"text": "克服困難／克服困难"
},
{
"english": "(to have) breathing difficulty",
"roman": "hūxī kùnnan",
"text": "呼吸困難／呼吸困难"
},
{
"english": "to have many difficulties",
"roman": "kùnnan chóngchóng",
"text": "困難重重／困难重重"
},
{
"english": "difficulties finding a job",
"roman": "jiùyè kùnnan",
"text": "就業困難／就业困难"
},
{
"english": "You can come find me if you have any difficulties.",
"ref": "有什麼困難可以來找我。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "有什么困难可以来找我。 [MSC, simp.]\nYǒu shénme kùnnan kěyǐ lái zhǎo wǒ. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Difficulties can be overcome so long as you have confidence.",
"ref": "只要有信心，困難必戰勝。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "只要有信心，困难必战胜。 [MSC, simp.]\nZhǐyào yǒu xìnxīn, kùnnan bì zhànshèng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Although my reading skills are very good, I have some difficulty conversing with Chinese people.",
"ref": "雖然我的閱讀水平很好，但是跟中國人講話有點困難。 [MSC, trad.]",
"text": "虽然我的阅读水平很好，但是跟中国人讲话有点困难。 [MSC, simp.]\nSuīrán wǒ de yuèdú shuǐpíng hěn hǎo, dànshì gēn zhōngguórén jiǎnghuà yǒudiǎn kùnnan. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty; challenge; dire straits; hardships"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
],
[
"dire straits",
"dire straits"
],
[
"hardships",
"hardships"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ˙ㄋㄢ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kung³ nang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnån"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuenn.nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kunʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kùnnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwùn-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuennnan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kwan³ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "kuen³ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'kun³ lan"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "khun-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kun⁴ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khùn-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "quonlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khùng nâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khwonH nan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰun²¹³⁻²¹ lan¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁵⁵ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ naŋ⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kùnjí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "困急"
},
{
"roman": "kùnnan de shìqing",
"word": "困難的事情"
},
{
"roman": "kùnnan de shìqing",
"word": "困难的事情"
},
{
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"word": "挑战"
}
],
"word": "困難"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"困難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "困難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"困難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "困難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"困難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "困難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"困難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "困難",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.