"貧困" meaning in Chinese

See 貧困 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/, /pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/, /pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/, /pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/, /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/, /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/ Chinese transliterations: pínkùn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], pan⁴ kwan³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], phìn-khun [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pîn-khùn, pínkùn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], pínkùn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], pʻin²-kʻun⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], pín-kwùn [Mandarin, Yale], pynkuenn [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], пинькунь [Mandarin, Palladius], pinʹkunʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], pàhn kwan [Cantonese, Yale], pan⁴ kwan³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], pen⁴ kuen³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], phìn-khun [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pinˇ kun [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], pin² kun⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], pîn-khùn [Hokkien, POJ], pîn-khùn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], pinquxn [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 貧困
  1. impoverished; poor; poverty-stricken; disadvantaged
    Sense id: en-貧困-zh-adj-jVSYTr4N Categories (other): Mandarin terms with collocations, Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 58 42 Synonyms: [Classical-Chinese], [Classical-Chinese], [formal, Standard-Chinese], 貧窮 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 窮困 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 貧困 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 赤貧 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 貧乏 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 貧苦 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 貧寒 [formal, Standard-Chinese], 苦寒 [formal, Standard-Chinese], [Mandarin, Taiwan], 貧窮 [Mandarin, Taiwan], [Mandarin, Muping, Yantai], [Mandarin, Luoyang], [Mandarin, Wanrong], [Mandarin, Xi'an], [Mandarin, Yinchuan], 苦寒 [Mandarin, Chengdu], [Mandarin, Nanjing], [Mandarin, Singapore], 貧窮 [Mandarin, Singapore], 窮苦 [Mandarin, Singapore], [Cantonese, Guangzhou], [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], [Cantonese, Taishan], [Gan, Nanchang], [Gan, Pingxiang], [Hakka, Meixian], [Jin, Taiyuan], 窮無 [Jian'ou], [Fuzhou], 宋凶 [Xiamen], 㾪赤 [Xiamen], 窮㾪 [Xiamen], 窮赤 [Xiamen], 赤窮 [Xiamen], [Xiamen], 宋凶 [Quanzhou], 窮赤 [Quanzhou], 赤窮 [Quanzhou], [Quanzhou], 窮赤 [Hui'an], 宋凶 [Zhangzhou], [Zhangzhou], 散赤 [Zhangzhou], [Zhangzhou], [Tainan], 散赤 [Tainan], 散食 [Tainan], 散凶 [Tainan], 窮赤 [Tainan], 窮散 [Tainan], 窮苦 [Tainan], [Raoping], , , [Jieyang], [Jieyang], [Leizhou], [Leizhou], [Wu, Shanghai], [Wu, Suzhou], [Wu, Danyang], [Wu, Hangzhou], 倒灶 [Wu, Jinhua], [in-compounds, literary], 困乏 (kùnfá) [formal], 困窘 (kùnjiǒng), 困窮 (kùnqióng), 困穷 (kùnqióng), 困苦 (kùnkǔ), 困難, 困难, 困頓 (kùndùn), 困顿 (kùndùn), 宋凶 [Hokkien], [Hokkien], 散凶 [Hokkien], 散赤 [Hokkien], 清苦 (qīngkǔ) [especially], 淡薄 (dànbó) [literary], 清貧 (qīngpín) [especially], 清贫 (qīngpín) [especially], 㾪赤 [Hokkien], [Teochew], [Teochew], 䆀康 [Hokkien], 空乏 (kòngfá) [literary], , 窘促 (jiǒngcù) [literary], 窘困 (jiǒngkùn), 窘迫 (jiǒngpò), (qióng), (qióng), 窮乏 (qióngfá) [literary], 穷乏 (qióngfá) [literary], 窮困 (qióngkùn), 穷困 (qióngkùn), 窮㾪 [Hokkien], 穷㾪 [Hokkien], 窮苦 (qióngkǔ), 穷苦 (qióngkǔ), 窮赤 [Hokkien], 穷赤 [Hokkien], 艱苦 [Hokkien], 艰苦 [Hokkien], 苦寒 (kǔhán), 貧乏 (pínfá), 贫乏 (pínfá), 貧寒 (pínhán), 贫寒 (pínhán), 貧瘠 (pínjí) [literary], 贫瘠 (pínjí) [literary], 貧窮 (pínqióng), 贫穷 (pínqióng), 貧苦 (pínkǔ), 贫苦 (pínkǔ)

Noun

IPA: /pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/, /pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/, /pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/, /pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/, /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/, /pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/ Chinese transliterations: pínkùn [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], pan⁴ kwan³ [Cantonese, Jyutping], phìn-khun [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pîn-khùn, pínkùn [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], pínkùn [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], pʻin²-kʻun⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], pín-kwùn [Mandarin, Yale], pynkuenn [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], пинькунь [Mandarin, Palladius], pinʹkunʹ [Mandarin, Palladius], pàhn kwan [Cantonese, Yale], pan⁴ kwan³ [Cantonese, Pinyin], pen⁴ kuen³ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], phìn-khun [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], pinˇ kun [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], pin² kun⁴ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], pîn-khùn [Hokkien, POJ], pîn-khùn [Hokkien, Tai-lo], pinquxn [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 貧困
  1. poverty Derived forms: 月經貧困 (yuèjīng pínkùn), 月经贫困 (yuèjīng pínkùn), 貧困線 (pínkùnxiàn), 贫困线 (pínkùnxiàn), 貧困陷阱 (pínkùn xiànjǐng), 贫困陷阱 (pínkùn xiànjǐng)
    Sense id: en-貧困-zh-noun-2Er94pzd Categories (other): Mandarin terms with collocations

Download JSON data for 貧困 meaning in Chinese (13.0kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "fùyù",
      "word": "富裕"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "貧困",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "impoverished area",
          "roman": "pínkùn dìqū",
          "text": "貧困地區/贫困地区"
        },
        {
          "english": "disadvantaged household",
          "roman": "pínkùn jiātíng",
          "text": "貧困家庭/贫困家庭"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impoverished; poor; poverty-stricken; disadvantaged"
      ],
      "id": "en-貧困-zh-adj-jVSYTr4N",
      "links": [
        [
          "impoverished",
          "impoverished"
        ],
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "poverty-stricken",
          "poverty-stricken"
        ],
        [
          "disadvantaged",
          "disadvantaged"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Classical-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "窮困"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧困"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "赤貧"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧乏"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "貧寒"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "formal",
            "Standard-Chinese"
          ],
          "word": "苦寒"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Taiwan"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Taiwan"
          ],
          "word": "貧窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Muping",
            "Yantai"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Luoyang"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Wanrong"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Xi'an"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Yinchuan"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Chengdu"
          ],
          "word": "苦寒"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Nanjing"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "貧窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mandarin",
            "Singapore"
          ],
          "word": "窮苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Guangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hong-Kong"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Taishan"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gan",
            "Nanchang"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gan",
            "Pingxiang"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hakka",
            "Meixian"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jin",
            "Taiyuan"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jian'ou"
          ],
          "word": "窮無"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Fuzhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "宋凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "㾪赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "窮㾪"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "赤窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Xiamen"
          ],
          "word": "赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Quanzhou"
          ],
          "word": "宋凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Quanzhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Quanzhou"
          ],
          "word": "赤窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Quanzhou"
          ],
          "word": "赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hui'an"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "宋凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "散"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "散赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Zhangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "散"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "散赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "散食"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "散凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "窮散"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tainan"
          ],
          "word": "窮苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Raoping"
          ],
          "word": "磽"
        },
        {
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "word": "磽"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jieyang"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Jieyang"
          ],
          "word": "磽"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Leizhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Leizhou"
          ],
          "word": "蒯"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Shanghai"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Suzhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Danyang"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Hangzhou"
          ],
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Wu",
            "Jinhua"
          ],
          "word": "倒灶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "厄"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnfá",
          "tags": [
            "formal"
          ],
          "word": "困乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
          "word": "困窘"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnqióng",
          "word": "困窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnqióng",
          "word": "困穷"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnkǔ",
          "word": "困苦"
        },
        {
          "word": "困難"
        },
        {
          "word": "困难"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùndùn",
          "word": "困頓"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùndùn",
          "word": "困顿"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "宋凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散赤"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngkǔ",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dànbó",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "淡薄"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngpín",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清貧"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngpín",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清贫"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "㾪赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Teochew"
          ],
          "word": "磽"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Teochew"
          ],
          "word": "硗"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "䆀康"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kòngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "空乏"
        },
        {
          "word": "窄"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngcù",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "窘促"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngkùn",
          "word": "窘困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngpò",
          "word": "窘迫"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióng",
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióng",
          "word": "穷"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "窮乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "穷乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkùn",
          "word": "窮困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkùn",
          "word": "穷困"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "窮㾪"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "穷㾪"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkǔ",
          "word": "窮苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkǔ",
          "word": "穷苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "穷赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "艱苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "艰苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kǔhán",
          "word": "苦寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínfá",
          "word": "貧乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínfá",
          "word": "贫乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínhán",
          "word": "貧寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínhán",
          "word": "贫寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínjí",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "貧瘠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínjí",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "贫瘠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínqióng",
          "word": "貧窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínqióng",
          "word": "贫穷"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkǔ",
          "word": "貧苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkǔ",
          "word": "贫苦"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻin²-kʻun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pín-kwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pynkuenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пинькунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinʹkunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pàhn kwan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pen⁴ kuen³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinˇ kun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pin² kun⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinquxn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "貧困"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "貧困"
          },
          "expansion": "貧困",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "貧困",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "빈곤(貧困)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "貧困",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "3": "빈곤",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "貧困",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "貧困",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "貧困",
            "v": "貧困",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "3": "빈곤"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "貧困",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mandarin terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "yuèjīng pínkùn",
          "word": "月經貧困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yuèjīng pínkùn",
          "word": "月经贫困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùnxiàn",
          "word": "貧困線"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùnxiàn",
          "word": "贫困线"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùn xiànjǐng",
          "word": "貧困陷阱"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùn xiànjǐng",
          "word": "贫困陷阱"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to escape poverty",
          "roman": "bǎituō pínkùn",
          "text": "擺脫貧困/摆脱贫困"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poverty"
      ],
      "id": "en-貧困-zh-noun-2Er94pzd",
      "links": [
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻin²-kʻun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pín-kwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pynkuenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пинькунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinʹkunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pàhn kwan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pen⁴ kuen³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinˇ kun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pin² kun⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinquxn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "貧困"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "fùyù",
      "word": "富裕"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "貧困",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "impoverished area",
          "roman": "pínkùn dìqū",
          "text": "貧困地區/贫困地区"
        },
        {
          "english": "disadvantaged household",
          "roman": "pínkùn jiātíng",
          "text": "貧困家庭/贫困家庭"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impoverished; poor; poverty-stricken; disadvantaged"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impoverished",
          "impoverished"
        ],
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "poverty-stricken",
          "poverty-stricken"
        ],
        [
          "disadvantaged",
          "disadvantaged"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻin²-kʻun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pín-kwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pynkuenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пинькунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinʹkunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pàhn kwan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pen⁴ kuen³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinˇ kun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pin² kun⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinquxn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "窮困"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧困"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "赤貧"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧乏"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "貧寒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "苦寒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "貧窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Muping",
        "Yantai"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Luoyang"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wanrong"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Xi'an"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yinchuan"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Chengdu"
      ],
      "word": "苦寒"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Nanjing"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "貧窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "窮苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Nanchang"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Pingxiang"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jian'ou"
      ],
      "word": "窮無"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "宋凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "㾪赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "窮㾪"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "赤窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "宋凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "赤窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hui'an"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "宋凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "散"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "散赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "散"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "散赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "散食"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "散凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "窮散"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tainan"
      ],
      "word": "窮苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Raoping"
      ],
      "word": "磽"
    },
    {
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "word": "磽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jieyang"
      ],
      "word": "磽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Leizhou"
      ],
      "word": "蒯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Suzhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Danyang"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Hangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Jinhua"
      ],
      "word": "倒灶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "厄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnfá",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "困乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
      "word": "困窘"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnqióng",
      "word": "困窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnqióng",
      "word": "困穷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnkǔ",
      "word": "困苦"
    },
    {
      "word": "困難"
    },
    {
      "word": "困难"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùndùn",
      "word": "困頓"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùndùn",
      "word": "困顿"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "宋凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散赤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngkǔ",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dànbó",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "淡薄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngpín",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清貧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngpín",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清贫"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "㾪赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "磽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "硗"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "䆀康"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kòngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "空乏"
    },
    {
      "word": "窄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngcù",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窘促"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngkùn",
      "word": "窘困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngpò",
      "word": "窘迫"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióng",
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióng",
      "word": "穷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窮乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "穷乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkùn",
      "word": "窮困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkùn",
      "word": "穷困"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "窮㾪"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "穷㾪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkǔ",
      "word": "窮苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkǔ",
      "word": "穷苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "穷赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "艱苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "艰苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǔhán",
      "word": "苦寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínfá",
      "word": "貧乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínfá",
      "word": "贫乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínhán",
      "word": "貧寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínhán",
      "word": "贫寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínjí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "貧瘠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínjí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "贫瘠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínqióng",
      "word": "貧窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínqióng",
      "word": "贫穷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkǔ",
      "word": "貧苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkǔ",
      "word": "贫苦"
    }
  ],
  "word": "貧困"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "yuèjīng pínkùn",
      "word": "月經貧困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yuèjīng pínkùn",
      "word": "月经贫困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùnxiàn",
      "word": "貧困線"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùnxiàn",
      "word": "贫困线"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùn xiànjǐng",
      "word": "貧困陷阱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùn xiànjǐng",
      "word": "贫困陷阱"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "貧困"
          },
          "expansion": "貧困",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "貧困",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "빈곤(貧困)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "貧困",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "3": "빈곤",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "貧困",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "貧困",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "貧困",
            "v": "貧困",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "ひんこん",
            "3": "빈곤"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (貧困):\n* → Japanese: 貧困(ひんこん) (hinkon)\n* → Korean: 빈곤(貧困) (bin'gon)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "貧困",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to escape poverty",
          "roman": "bǎituō pínkùn",
          "text": "擺脫貧困/摆脱贫困"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poverty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄆㄧㄣˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pínkùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pʻin²-kʻun⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pín-kwùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pynkuenn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "пинькунь"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinʹkunʹ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pàhn kwan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pan⁴ kwan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pen⁴ kuen³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "phìn-khun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinˇ kun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pin² kun⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pîn-khùn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "pinquxn"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰɐn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pʰin¹¹ kʰun⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin¹³⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pin²⁴⁻²² kʰun²¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "貧困"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.