"难" meaning in Chinese

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Character

Forms: For pronunciation and definitions of 难 – see 難 . . Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China [canonical], and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong [canonical], and Taiwan. [canonical], “difficult [romanization], troublesome [hard], bad [hard], unpleasant [hard], etc.” [hard]
Etymology: Unorthodox variant simplified from 難 (elimination of left component to 又 (yòu)) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《俗書刊誤》. Originally part of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 but was later retracted in 1936. Eventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. Etymology templates: {{Han simp|難|nocap=y}} simplified from 難, {{l|zh|又}} 又 (yòu)
  1. Wikipedia link: Chinese Character Simplification Scheme, Kuomintang, Republic of China Tags: Macau, Malaysia, hard, no-gloss

Download JSON data for 难 meaning in Chinese (2.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "難",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "simplified from 難",
      "name": "Han simp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "又"
      },
      "expansion": "又 (yòu)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unorthodox variant simplified from 難 (elimination of left component to 又 (yòu)) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《俗書刊誤》.\nOriginally part of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 but was later retracted in 1936.\nEventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "For pronunciation and definitions of 难 – see 難 . . Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "and Taiwan.",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "“difficult",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublesome",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bad",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unpleasant",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "etc.”",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "難"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Beginning Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "CJKV simplified characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "id": "en-难-zh-character-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "Macau",
        "Malaysia",
        "hard",
        "no-gloss"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Chinese Character Simplification Scheme",
        "Kuomintang",
        "Republic of China"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "难"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "難",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "simplified from 難",
      "name": "Han simp"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "又"
      },
      "expansion": "又 (yòu)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unorthodox variant simplified from 難 (elimination of left component to 又 (yòu)) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《俗書刊誤》.\nOriginally part of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 but was later retracted in 1936.\nEventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "For pronunciation and definitions of 难 – see 難 . . Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "and Taiwan.",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "“difficult",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublesome",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bad",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unpleasant",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "etc.”",
      "tags": [
        "hard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "redirects": [
    "難"
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Beginning Mandarin",
        "CJKV simplified characters",
        "Cantonese adjectives",
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Cantonese verbs",
        "Chinese Han characters",
        "Chinese adjectives",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese simplified forms",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Chinese terms with redundant script codes",
        "Chinese verbs",
        "Dungan adjectives",
        "Dungan lemmas",
        "Dungan nouns",
        "Dungan verbs",
        "Eastern Min adjectives",
        "Eastern Min lemmas",
        "Eastern Min nouns",
        "Eastern Min verbs",
        "Gan adjectives",
        "Gan lemmas",
        "Gan nouns",
        "Gan verbs",
        "Hakka adjectives",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hakka verbs",
        "Hokkien adjectives",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Hokkien verbs",
        "Jin adjectives",
        "Jin lemmas",
        "Jin nouns",
        "Jin verbs",
        "Mandarin adjectives",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin verbs",
        "Northern Min adjectives",
        "Northern Min lemmas",
        "Northern Min nouns",
        "Northern Min verbs",
        "Sichuanese adjectives",
        "Sichuanese lemmas",
        "Sichuanese nouns",
        "Sichuanese verbs",
        "Taishanese adjectives",
        "Taishanese lemmas",
        "Taishanese nouns",
        "Taishanese verbs",
        "Teochew adjectives",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew nouns",
        "Teochew verbs",
        "Wu adjectives",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu nouns",
        "Wu verbs",
        "Xiang adjectives",
        "Xiang lemmas",
        "Xiang nouns",
        "Xiang verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Macau",
        "Malaysia",
        "hard",
        "no-gloss"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Chinese Character Simplification Scheme",
        "Kuomintang",
        "Republic of China"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "难"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'For pronunciation and definitions of 难 – see 難 . . Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China' in 'For pronunciation and definitions of 难 – see 難 (“difficult; hard; troublesome; bad; unpleasant; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 難). Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.'",
  "path": [
    "难"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "definitions",
  "title": "难",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: This character is the simplified form of 難",
  "path": [
    "难"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "definitions",
  "title": "难",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.