See 艱難 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 艱難 meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "艱難"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "艱難",
"2": "かんなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "艱難(かんなん) (kannan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "간난(艱難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gian nan",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "艱難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "艱難",
"2": "かんなん",
"3": "간난",
"4": "gian nan",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "艱難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "艱難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "艱難",
"v": "艱難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かんなん",
"3": "간난",
"4": "gian nan"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "艰难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
"word": "艱難困苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
"word": "艰难困苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánjiéjué",
"word": "艱難竭蹶"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánjiéjué",
"word": "艰难竭蹶"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艱難險阻"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艰难险阻"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "difficult political situation",
"roman": "shíjú jiānnán",
"text": "時局艱難／时局艰难",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard; difficult; challenging"
],
"id": "en-艱難-zh-adj-6K~A6Mv~",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艱危"
},
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艰危"
},
{
"roman": "wēijí",
"word": "危急"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "困難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "困難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shiqi",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jinjiang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "䆀 †"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "† - only used with a verbal complement"
},
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kan-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiannán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiannan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kan-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kienlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang lâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kean nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤrə[r] nˤar/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*krɯːn n̥ʰaːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ kiên-nàn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*krɯːn n̥ʰaːn/"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "艱難",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんなん"
},
"expansion": "艱(かん)難(なん) • (kannan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardships, difficulties"
],
"id": "en-艱難-ja-noun-dnrwDGSq",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nːã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "艱難する",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難し",
"roman": "kannan shi",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難した",
"roman": "kannan shita",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kannanshinku",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難辛苦",
"かんなんしんく"
]
],
"word": "艱難辛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kannankurō",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難苦労",
"かんなんくろう"
]
],
"word": "艱難苦労"
},
{
"roman": "kannannanji o tamanisu",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難汝",
"かんなんなんじ"
],
[
"玉",
"たま"
]
],
"word": "艱難汝を玉にす"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to experience hardships, difficulties"
],
"id": "en-艱難-ja-verb-D3EQDlA6",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nːã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gannan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "간난",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "간난"
},
"expansion": "艱難 • (gannan) (hangeul 간난)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hardships, privations, tribulations",
"word": "간난"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 간난 (“hardships, privations, tribulations”)."
],
"id": "en-艱難-ko-noun-XadtNOuZ",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"간난",
"간난#Korean"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"privation",
"privation"
],
[
"tribulation",
"tribulation"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of gian nan (“miserably hard; difficult; tough”)."
],
"id": "en-艱難-vi-adj-C60LyGwh",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"gian nan",
"gian nan#Vietnamese"
],
[
"miserably",
"miserably"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
"word": "艱難困苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
"word": "艰难困苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánjiéjué",
"word": "艱難竭蹶"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánjiéjué",
"word": "艰难竭蹶"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艱難險阻"
},
{
"roman": "jiānnánxiǎnzǔ",
"word": "艰难险阻"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "艱難"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "艱難",
"2": "かんなん",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "艱難(かんなん) (kannan)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "간난(艱難)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gian nan",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "艱難"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "艱難",
"2": "かんなん",
"3": "간난",
"4": "gian nan",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "艱難",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "艱難",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "艱難",
"v": "艱難",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "かんなん",
"3": "간난",
"4": "gian nan"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (艱難):\n* → Japanese: 艱難(かんなん) (kannan)\n* → Korean: 간난(艱難) (gannan)\n* → Vietnamese: gian nan (艱難)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "艰难",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艱危"
},
{
"roman": "jiānwēi",
"word": "艰危"
},
{
"roman": "wēijí",
"word": "危急"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese adjectives",
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hakka adjectives",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hokkien adjectives",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin adjectives",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Teochew adjectives",
"Teochew lemmas"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "difficult political situation",
"roman": "shíjú jiānnán",
"text": "時局艱難／时局艰难",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard; difficult; challenging"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kan-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ lang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiānnán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiannán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chien¹-nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyān-nán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiannan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзяньнань"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czjanʹnanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gāan nàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaan¹ naan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kiên-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gien´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "kiân-nàn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian´ nanˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gan¹ nan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "gian¹ nan²"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kan-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³ lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kian-lân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kienlaan"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang lâng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kean nan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤrə[r] nˤar/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*krɯːn n̥ʰaːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ kiên-nàn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯en²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯an²⁴ nan¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan³³ lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻³³ lan²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kan⁴⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lan¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*krɯːn n̥ʰaːn/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "困難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "困難"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Hefei"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shiqi",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "惡 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "艱難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jinjiang"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "䆀 †"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taipei"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Yilan"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kinmen"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chaozhou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "歹 †"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wenchang"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hainanese",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "惡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Shuangfeng"
],
"word": "難"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "† - only used with a verbal complement"
},
{
"roman": "bùróngyì",
"word": "不容易"
},
{
"roman": "qín",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "勤"
},
{
"word": "困難"
},
{
"word": "困难"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑難"
},
{
"roman": "yínán",
"word": "疑难"
},
{
"roman": "liángkǔ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艱巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānjù",
"word": "艰巨"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艱苦"
},
{
"roman": "jiānkǔ",
"word": "艰苦"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦難"
},
{
"roman": "kǔnàn",
"word": "苦难"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛勞"
},
{
"roman": "xīnláo",
"word": "辛劳"
},
{
"roman": "xīnkǔ",
"word": "辛苦"
},
{
"word": "難"
},
{
"word": "难"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "艱難",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かんなん"
},
"expansion": "艱(かん)難(なん) • (kannan)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hardships, difficulties"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nːã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kannanshinku",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難辛苦",
"かんなんしんく"
]
],
"word": "艱難辛苦"
},
{
"roman": "kannankurō",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難苦労",
"かんなんくろう"
]
],
"word": "艱難苦労"
},
{
"roman": "kannannanji o tamanisu",
"ruby": [
[
"艱難汝",
"かんなんなんじ"
],
[
"玉",
"たま"
]
],
"word": "艱難汝を玉にす"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "艱難する",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難し",
"roman": "kannan shi",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難した",
"roman": "kannan shita",
"ruby": [
[
"艱",
"かん"
],
[
"難",
"なん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "艱難すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "かんなんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kannan sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to experience hardships, difficulties"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"difficulties",
"difficulties"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"other": "かんなん"
},
{
"ipa": "[kã̠nːã̠ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gannan",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "간난",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "간난"
},
"expansion": "艱難 • (gannan) (hangeul 간난)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "hardships, privations, tribulations",
"word": "간난"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 간난 (“hardships, privations, tribulations”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"간난",
"간난#Korean"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"privation",
"privation"
],
[
"tribulation",
"tribulation"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "艱難",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of gian nan (“miserably hard; difficult; tough”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"gian nan",
"gian nan#Vietnamese"
],
[
"miserably",
"miserably"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "艱難"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"艱難"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "艱難",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.