See 苦菜 on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦菜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "苦苦菜"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter vegetable"
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-6F2IUUUb",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) bitter vegetable"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"roman": "kǔtú",
"sense": "bitter vegetable",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苦荼"
}
],
"tags": [
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 58 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 45 31 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 50 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)"
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-bt4MHem9",
"links": [
[
"common sow thistle",
"common sow thistle"
],
[
"Sonchus oleraceus",
"Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "敗醬"
},
{
"word": "败酱"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 敗醬／败酱."
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-vzRJSmlB",
"links": [
[
"敗醬",
"敗醬#Chinese"
],
[
"败酱",
"败酱#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-tsʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-tsài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuutsay"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куцай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kucaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú choi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² tsoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu^ˋ coi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ coi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-tshài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofzhaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuX|khuH tshojH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
}
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦菜",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"菜",
"な"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦菜",
"ruby": [
[
"苦菜",
"ニガナ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigana",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがな",
"2": "ニガナ"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)菜(な) or 苦菜(ニガナ) • (nigana)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toothed ixeridium, Ixeridium dentatum"
],
"id": "en-苦菜-ja-noun-3QRLVi91"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠na̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:苦菜"
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"categories": [],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"野芥子"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-苦菜-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠na̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:苦菜"
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 苦",
"Chinese terms spelled with 菜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦菜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "苦苦菜"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter vegetable"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) bitter vegetable"
],
"tags": [
"literally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)"
],
"links": [
[
"common sow thistle",
"common sow thistle"
],
[
"Sonchus oleraceus",
"Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "敗醬"
},
{
"word": "败酱"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese redlinks/zh-l"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 敗醬／败酱."
],
"links": [
[
"敗醬",
"敗醬#Chinese"
],
[
"败酱",
"败酱#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-tsʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-tsài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuutsay"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "куцай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kucaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú choi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² tsoi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu^ˋ coi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ coi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-tshài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofzhaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "khuX|khuH tshojH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kǔtú",
"sense": "bitter vegetable",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苦荼"
}
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦菜",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"菜",
"な"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦菜",
"ruby": [
[
"苦菜",
"ニガナ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigana",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがな",
"2": "ニガナ"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)菜(な) or 苦菜(ニガナ) • (nigana)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"toothed ixeridium, Ixeridium dentatum"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠na̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:苦菜"
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"野芥子"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠na̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:苦菜"
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦菜 meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦菜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦菜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"苦菜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦菜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦菜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦菜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"苦菜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦菜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦菜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦菜",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.