See 苦菜 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦菜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "苦苦菜"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter vegetable"
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-6F2IUUUb",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) bitter vegetable"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"roman": "kǔtú",
"sense": "bitter vegetable",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苦荼"
}
],
"tags": [
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 56 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 44 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 50 34 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)"
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-bt4MHem9",
"links": [
[
"common sow thistle",
"common sow thistle"
],
[
"Sonchus oleraceus",
"Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "敗醬"
},
{
"word": "败酱"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 敗醬／败酱."
],
"id": "en-苦菜-zh-noun-vzRJSmlB",
"links": [
[
"敗醬",
"敗醬#Chinese"
],
[
"败酱",
"败酱#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "kʻu³-tsʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-tsài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "kuutsay"
},
{
"roman": "kucaj",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "куцай"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "fú choi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² tsoi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˋ coi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ coi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-tshài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofzhaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "khuX|khuH tshojH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
}
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 苦",
"Chinese terms spelled with 菜",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦菜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "苦苦菜"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bitter vegetable"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) bitter vegetable"
],
"tags": [
"literally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)"
],
"links": [
[
"common sow thistle",
"common sow thistle"
],
[
"Sonchus oleraceus",
"Sonchus oleraceus#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "敗醬"
},
{
"word": "败酱"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese redlinks/zh-l"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative name for 敗醬／败酱."
],
"links": [
[
"敗醬",
"敗醬#Chinese"
],
[
"败酱",
"败酱#Chinese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"name"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄘㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔcài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "kʻu³-tsʻai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-tsài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "kuutsay"
},
{
"roman": "kucaj",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "куцай"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "fú choi"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² tsoi³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² coi³"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-chhoi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˋ coi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ coi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-chhài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-tshài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofzhaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh_pron": "khuX|khuH tshojH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Baxter-Sagart"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰˤaʔ s.r̥ˤəʔ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh_pron": "/*kʰaːʔ|kʰaːs sʰɯːs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kǔtú",
"sense": "bitter vegetable",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "苦荼"
}
],
"word": "苦菜"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦菜 meaning in Chinese (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.