See 苦瓜 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 苦瓜 meaning in All languages combined (17.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고과(苦瓜)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦瓜",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ qua",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦瓜",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦瓜",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦瓜",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦瓜",
"v": "苦瓜",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter melon",
"3": "bittermelon",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter gourd"
},
"expansion": "bitter gourd",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foo qua"
},
"expansion": "foo qua",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque), bitter gourd (calque), foo qua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwn",
"2": "kawkuy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mướp đắng",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Gourd family plants",
"orig": "zh:Gourd family plants",
"parents": [
"Cucurbitales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "zh:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "印度苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "啞子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "哑子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜乾"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜干"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜面"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"id": "en-苦瓜-zh-noun-W3Y6lnBo",
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "癩不頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Cangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Baoding"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Shijiazhuang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "菩薘 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "菩薘 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Zengcheng"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shiqi",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Bao'an",
"Shajing",
"Shenzhen"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zengcheng"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "苦瓜仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Luchuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Zhangjiakou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Handan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "菩督"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guilin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "癩葡萄瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "紅瓤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khu-ko"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuugua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кугуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu` gua´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³ kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-kue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofkoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-kua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofkoaf"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kua³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khóu kue"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khu-ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khu^去 ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khu-ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³ kua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kua³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/"
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "苦",
"3": "瓜",
"t1": "bitter",
"t2": "gourd",
"tr1": "niga",
"tr2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "苦 (niga, “bitter”) + 瓜 (uri, “gourd”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "苦 (niga, “bitter”) + 瓜 (uri, “gourd”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦瓜",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"瓜",
"うり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦瓜",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"苦瓜",
"ニガウリ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigauri",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "にがごい",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"alternative",
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "nigagoi",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"Rōmaji"
]
},
{
"form": "にがごり",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"alternative",
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "nigagori",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"Rōmaji"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがうり",
"2": "ニガウリ"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)瓜(うり) or 苦瓜(ニガウリ) • (nigauri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Gourd family plants",
"orig": "ja:Gourd family plants",
"parents": [
"Cucurbitales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "ja:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"id": "en-苦瓜-ja-noun-W3Y6lnBo",
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tsurureishi",
"ruby": [
[
"蔓",
"ツル"
],
[
"茘",
"レイ"
],
[
"枝",
"シ"
]
],
"word": "蔓茘枝"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hōnichi dialect",
"Kagoshima dialect"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠ɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gōyā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごーやー",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "ごーやー"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜(ごーやー) (gōyā)",
"name": "ryu-head"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms written with two Han script characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ryu",
"name": "Gourd family plants",
"orig": "ryu:Gourd family plants",
"parents": [
"Cucurbitales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ryu",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "ryu:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"id": "en-苦瓜-ryu-noun-W3Y6lnBo",
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khổ qua (“bitter melon; bitter gourd”)."
],
"id": "en-苦瓜-vi-noun-XdlAWUZy",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khổ qua",
"khổ qua#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "印度苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "啞子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "哑子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜乾"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜干"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜面"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고과(苦瓜)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "苦瓜",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ qua",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦瓜",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦瓜",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦瓜",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦瓜",
"v": "苦瓜",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter melon",
"3": "bittermelon",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter gourd"
},
"expansion": "bitter gourd",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foo qua"
},
"expansion": "foo qua",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque), bitter gourd (calque), foo qua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwn",
"2": "kawkuy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mướp đắng",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Gan lemmas",
"Gan nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Jin lemmas",
"Jin nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Sichuanese lemmas",
"Sichuanese nouns",
"Taishanese lemmas",
"Taishanese nouns",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns",
"Xiang lemmas",
"Xiang nouns",
"zh:Gourd family plants",
"zh:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"zh-pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵khu-ko"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻu³-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kuugua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "кугуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "fú gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu` gua´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³ kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-kue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofkoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khóo-kua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qofkoaf"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kua³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khóu kue"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵khu-ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "khu^去 ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²khu-ko"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰxu⁵³ kua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kua³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "癩不頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Cangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Baoding"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Shijiazhuang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Luoyang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yinchuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xining"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Ürümqi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guiyang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Guilin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "菩薘 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "菩薘 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Zengcheng"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shiqi",
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Bao'an",
"Shajing",
"Shenzhen"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yangjiang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Nanning"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Zengcheng"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "苦瓜仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Luchuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Zhangjiakou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Handan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fuzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhao'an"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "菩督"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Tingzi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guilin"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Suzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "癩葡萄瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Hangzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Ningbo"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "紅瓤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "苦",
"3": "瓜",
"t1": "bitter",
"t2": "gourd",
"tr1": "niga",
"tr2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "苦 (niga, “bitter”) + 瓜 (uri, “gourd”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "苦 (niga, “bitter”) + 瓜 (uri, “gourd”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "苦瓜",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
],
[
"瓜",
"うり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "苦瓜",
"head_nr": 1,
"ruby": [
[
"苦瓜",
"ニガウリ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nigauri",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "にがごい",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"alternative",
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "nigagoi",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"Rōmaji"
]
},
{
"form": "にがごり",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"alternative",
"hiragana"
]
},
{
"form": "nigagori",
"head_nr": 3,
"tags": [
"Rōmaji"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にがうり",
"2": "ニガウリ"
},
"expansion": "苦(にが)瓜(うり) or 苦瓜(ニガウリ) • (nigauri)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Gourd family plants",
"ja:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"head_nr": 3,
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hōnichi dialect",
"Kagoshima dialect"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"other": "にがうり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɡa̠ɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tsurureishi",
"ruby": [
[
"蔓",
"ツル"
],
[
"茘",
"レイ"
],
[
"枝",
"シ"
]
],
"word": "蔓茘枝"
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gōyā",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ごーやー",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"2": "ごーやー"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜(ごーやー) (gōyā)",
"name": "ryu-head"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"Okinawan lemmas",
"Okinawan nouns",
"Okinawan terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji",
"Okinawan terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Okinawan terms spelled with 瓜",
"Okinawan terms spelled with 苦",
"Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Okinawan terms written with two Han script characters",
"ryu:Gourd family plants",
"ryu:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khổ qua (“bitter melon; bitter gourd”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khổ qua",
"khổ qua#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Miyazaki dialect",
"path": [
"苦瓜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "苦瓜",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.