See 苦瓜 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고과(苦瓜)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "苦瓜",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ qua",
"bor": "1",
"id": "苦瓜",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦瓜",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦瓜",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦瓜",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦瓜",
"v": "苦瓜",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter melon",
"3": "bittermelon",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque), bitter gourd (calque), foo qua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwn",
"2": "kawkuy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mướp đắng",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Gourd family plants",
"orig": "zh:Gourd family plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "zh:Vegetables",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "印度苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "啞子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "哑子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜乾"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜干"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜面"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"id": "en-苦瓜-zh-noun-W3Y6lnBo",
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Changchun"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Jinzhou"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "癩不頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Dalian"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Zigong"
],
"word": "苦瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Tianmen"
],
"word": "苦瓜子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"dated"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"San Tin",
"Weitou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan",
"Shiqi"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Kaiping",
"Chikan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shenzhen",
"Shajing",
"Bao'an"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanlin",
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "苦瓜仔"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxiang",
"Zhongshan-Min"
],
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "菩督"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Songjiang"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "金蓮子"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jiading"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "錦荔子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "癩葡萄瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "紅瓤"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sichuanese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanzhong"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kùgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˊ gua^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q36759-Ah Mean (Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6) gue1 苦瓜 -concombre amer-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q36759-Ah Mean (Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6) gue1 苦瓜 -concombre amer-.wav"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning"
],
"zh_pron": "hu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵khu-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khou-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kuo₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ go^(1*)"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "kʻu³-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "kuugua"
},
{
"roman": "kugua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "кугуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sichuanese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz"
],
"zh_pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanzhong"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kùgua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguà [Phonetic: kúguà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu¹¹⁻¹² kua³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "fú gwā"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guancheng",
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³⁵ kʷa²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guancheng"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˋ gua^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˊ gua^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu²⁴⁻³³ kua⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"dated"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-kue"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofkoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-kua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofkoaf"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ kua³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khóu kue"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Tingzi"
],
"zh_pron": "hu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hu³³ kʷa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Tingzi",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵khu-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^去 ko^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²khu-ko₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "³khou-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "khou^上 ko^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰəu⁵² ko¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^上 kua^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵⁵ kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kuo₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^上 kuo^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ kuo³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵⁵ kuɑ³³⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ go^(1*)"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴² kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ku̯ä⁴⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "印度苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "啞子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "哑子食苦瓜"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜乾"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜干"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜臉"
},
{
"roman": "kǔguāliǎn",
"word": "苦瓜脸"
},
{
"word": "苦瓜面"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "고과(苦瓜)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "苦瓜",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "khổ qua",
"bor": "1",
"id": "苦瓜",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "苦瓜"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "苦瓜",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "苦瓜",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "苦瓜",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "苦瓜",
"v": "苦瓜",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "고과",
"4": "khổ qua"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (苦瓜):\n* → Korean: 고과(苦瓜) (gogwa)\n* → Vietnamese: khổ qua (苦瓜)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitter melon",
"3": "bittermelon",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitter melon, bittermelon (calque), bitter gourd (calque), foo qua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pwn",
"2": "kawkuy",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Paiwan: kawkuy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mướp đắng",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: mướp đắng (calque)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "苦瓜",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 瓜",
"Chinese terms spelled with 苦",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Gan lemmas",
"Gan nouns",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Jin lemmas",
"Jin nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sichuanese lemmas",
"Sichuanese nouns",
"Southern Pinghua lemmas",
"Southern Pinghua nouns",
"Taishanese lemmas",
"Taishanese nouns",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew nouns",
"Teochew terms with audio pronunciation",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns",
"Xiang lemmas",
"Xiang nouns",
"zh:Gourd family plants",
"zh:Vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"bitter melon; bitter gourd"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter melon",
"bitter melon"
],
[
"bitter gourd",
"bitter gourd"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sichuanese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanzhong"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kùgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˊ gua^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q36759-Ah Mean (Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6) gue1 苦瓜 -concombre amer-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav/LL-Q36759-Ah_Mean_(Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6)_gue1_苦瓜_-concombre_amer-.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q36759-Ah Mean (Kitkatmaw)-kou2(6) gue1 苦瓜 -concombre amer-.wav"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning"
],
"zh_pron": "hu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵khu-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khou-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kuo₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ go^(1*)"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄎㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔgua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "kʻu³-kua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-gwā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "kuugua"
},
{
"roman": "kugua",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "кугуа"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sichuanese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz"
],
"zh_pron": "kugua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Chengdu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guanzhong"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kùgua"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔguà [Phonetic: kúguà"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"numbered"
],
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Nanjing",
"Pinyin",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu¹¹⁻¹² kua³¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Nanjing",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "fú gwā"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fuː³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Guancheng",
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³⁵ kʷa²¹³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Guancheng"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "fu² ga¹⁻⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu⁵⁵ ka³³⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishanese",
"Taicheng",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "'ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʰu²¹³⁻¹³ kua⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "fú-kôa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˋ gua^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ ku̯a²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "fu^ˊ gua^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu²⁴⁻³³ kua⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Guangdong"
],
"zh_pron": "fu³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/fu³¹ kua⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku² gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵³ kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"dated"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kǔ-guá"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu²¹ kua⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Min-Bei",
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Foochow-Romanized"
],
"zh_pron": "kū-guă"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Dong",
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koe"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-kue"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofkoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴²⁻²⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kue⁴⁴/",
"raw_tags": [
"General Taiwanese"
],
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Singapore",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khó͘-koa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "khóo-kua"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "qofkoaf"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ kua³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Penang",
"IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "kou² guê¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "khóu kue"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰou⁵²⁻³⁵ kue³³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jyutping-plusplus"
],
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Tingzi"
],
"zh_pron": "hu² gwaa¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/hu³³ kʷa⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Nanning",
"Southern-Pinghua",
"Tingzi",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "⁵khu-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^去 ko^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "²khu-ko₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ko⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "³khou-ko₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "khou^上 ko^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰəu⁵² ko¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Suzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^上 kua^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵⁵ kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Hangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kuo₁"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo"
],
"zh_pron": "khu^上 kuo^平"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ kuo³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Northern",
"Ningbo",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua"
],
"zh_pron": "³khu-kua₁"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁵⁵ kuɑ³³⁴/",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Jinhua",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴¹ ku̯a̠³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ go^(1*)"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu⁴² kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³/",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Loudi",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh_pron": "ku³ gua¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰu³³ ku̯ä⁴⁴⁵/",
"raw_tags": [
"Hengyang"
],
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Beijing"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Harbin"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Changchun"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Shenyang"
],
"word": "癩瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northeastern-Mandarin",
"Jinzhou"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Tangshan"
],
"word": "癩不頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jiaoliao-Mandarin",
"Dalian"
],
"word": "癩瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Zigong"
],
"word": "苦瓜兒"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Tianmen"
],
"word": "苦瓜子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Yangzhou"
],
"word": "癩葡萄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"dated"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"dated"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hong Kong",
"San Tin",
"Weitou"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Zhongshan",
"Shiqi"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Kaiping",
"Chikan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "涼瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Dongguan"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Shenzhen",
"Shajing",
"Bao'an"
],
"word": "菩薘"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Shanlin",
"S. Sixian"
],
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "苦瓜仔"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Sanxiang",
"Zhongshan-Min"
],
"tags": [
"Zhongshan"
],
"word": "菩督"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Songjiang"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "金蓮子"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Jiading"
],
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "錦荔子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Danyang"
],
"word": "癩葡萄瓜"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "紅瓤"
}
],
"word": "苦瓜"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 苦瓜 meaning in Chinese (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.