See chum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chum in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czum",
"3": "",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 5 22 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 2 7 5 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114:",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-8IwkyMmO",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 18 5 22 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161:",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-hBlnnRLy",
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartiránt",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартира́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors:",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-Eadm--fA",
"links": [
[
"rooms",
"rooms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 5 22 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-tjWeUmXZ",
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 5 22 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 7 6 9 4 0 2 42 4 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Friendship",
"orig": "en:Friendship",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Virtue",
"Human",
"Ethics",
"All topics",
"Philosophy",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 11 5 2 3 0 17 25 2 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:",
"text": "I was not surprised to see somebody sitting aft, on the deck, with his legs dangling over the mud. You see I rather chummed with the few mechanics there were in that station, whom the other pilgrims naturally despised—on account of their imperfect manners, I suppose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman:",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-yYq1qt0A",
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 6 12 20 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 5 22 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 4 9 7 15 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 3 10 8 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 6 5 10 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 2 11 8 17 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-SYytOCGU",
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Perhaps"
},
"expansion": "Perhaps",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pim",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "en:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 27 8 23 7 1 0 1 7 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Salmonids",
"orig": "en:Salmonids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chumbox"
},
{
"word": "chumbucket"
},
{
"word": "chum in the water"
},
{
"word": "chumsicle"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27:",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was ^([sic]) working…",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-rKyNiXFW",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"rancid",
"rancid"
],
[
"groundbait",
"groundbait"
],
[
"predator",
"predator"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, chiefly Canada, US) A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "malágra",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makie",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"word": "撒き餌"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Perhaps"
},
"expansion": "Perhaps",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pim",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "en:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 27 8 23 7 1 0 1 7 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Salmonids",
"orig": "en:Salmonids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chummer"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide:",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-5UrX5f-E",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, transitive, intransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.:",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820:",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse mould for holding the clay while being worked on a whirler, lathe or manually."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-OnJrw3oi",
"links": [
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"mould",
"mould"
],
[
"whirler",
"whirler"
],
[
"lathe",
"lathe"
]
],
"qualifier": "pottery",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pottery) A coarse mould for holding the clay while being worked on a whirler, lathe or manually."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chn",
"3": "tzum",
"t": "spotted, marked"
},
"expansion": "Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinook",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”), from Chinook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 13 14 31 11 1 1 2 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 8 8 40 13 3 2 4 14 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 7 10 23 9 2 2 3 9 5 9 2 2 2 6 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 7 11 25 9 1 1 2 9 5 11 1 1 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 15 9 24 12 3 4 7 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 8 36 13 2 3 4 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 16 10 23 10 3 4 7 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 8 9 35 12 3 2 4 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 15 9 24 11 3 4 7 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Udmurt translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 10 12 29 12 1 2 4 11 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal foods",
"orig": "en:Animal foods",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 27 8 23 7 1 0 1 7 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Salmonids",
"orig": "en:Salmonids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of chum salmon"
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-~5ZRSgjp",
"links": [
[
"chum salmon",
"chum salmon#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "chum salmon"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Russian чум (čum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kpv",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "udm",
"3": "чум",
"t": "tent, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Uralic reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-en:housing",
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
],
[
"nomadic",
"nomadic"
],
[
"Uralic",
"Uralic"
],
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
],
[
"herder",
"herder"
],
[
"northwestern",
"northwestern"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:housing"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "kca-eas",
"lang": "Eastern Khanty",
"roman": "njuki ḳot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њуки ӄот"
},
{
"code": "kca-nor",
"lang": "Northern Khanty",
"roman": "njŭki hot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њўки хот"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"en:Chum (tent)"
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "chum in"
},
{
"word": "chummage"
},
{
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"word": "chummo"
},
{
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czum",
"3": "",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114:",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161:",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тел"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartiránt",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартира́нт"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
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"Pages with 9 entries",
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"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
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"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
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"3": "cymrawd",
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
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"past"
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors:",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
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[
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"rooms"
]
],
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"(intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:",
"text": "I was not surprised to see somebody sitting aft, on the deck, with his legs dangling over the mud. You see I rather chummed with the few mechanics there were in that station, whom the other pilgrims naturally despised—on account of their imperfect manners, I suppose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman:",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
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"word": "chum"
}
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"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chumbox"
},
{
"word": "chumbucket"
},
{
"word": "chum in the water"
},
{
"word": "chumsicle"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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},
"expansion": "Perhaps",
"name": "unc"
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"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
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"1": "-"
},
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Fishing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27:",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was ^([sic]) working…",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
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[
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"American English"
],
[
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"rancid"
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[
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],
[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, chiefly Canada, US) A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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{
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "malágra",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makie",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"word": "撒き餌"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
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"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
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"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
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"en:Friendship",
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"derived": [
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"word": "chummer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
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"form": "chummed",
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},
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"English terms with quotations",
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],
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{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide:",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"links": [
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"transitive"
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, transitive, intransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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"word": "chum"
}
{
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"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
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"etymology_number": 3,
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"form": "chums",
"tags": [
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"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
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{
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Ceramics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.:",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820:",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A coarse mould for holding the clay while being worked on a whirler, lathe or manually."
],
"links": [
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
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"mould"
],
[
"whirler",
"whirler"
],
[
"lathe",
"lathe"
]
],
"qualifier": "pottery",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pottery) A coarse mould for holding the clay while being worked on a whirler, lathe or manually."
]
}
],
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"word": "chum"
}
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"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chn",
"3": "tzum",
"t": "spotted, marked"
},
"expansion": "Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinook",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Chinook Jargon tzum (“spotted, marked”), from Chinook.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of chum salmon"
],
"links": [
[
"chum salmon",
"chum salmon#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "chum salmon"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Russian чум (čum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kpv",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "udm",
"3": "чум",
"t": "tent, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Uralic reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia."
],
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
],
[
"nomadic",
"nomadic"
],
[
"Uralic",
"Uralic"
],
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
],
[
"herder",
"herder"
],
[
"northwestern",
"northwestern"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:housing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "kca-eas",
"lang": "Eastern Khanty",
"roman": "njuki ḳot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њуки ӄот"
},
{
"code": "kca-nor",
"lang": "Northern Khanty",
"roman": "njŭki hot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њўки хот"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"en:Chum (tent)"
],
"word": "chum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chum meaning in English (26.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": komnate vs. továrišč",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": továrišč vs. po",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.