See tovarish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "това́рищ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian това́рищ (továrišč)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian това́рищ (továrišč).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tovarishes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tovarish (plural tovarishes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "en:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919 December 6, The Times, p.10 col. C:",
"text": "Instead of addressing them according to revolutionary etiquette as Tovarish (comrade), he asked them their Christian names and that of their fathers, while telling them his own.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1938, Margaret Sanger, Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography:",
"text": "Touching one of them on the shoulder, she said, “Tovarish, these tovarishes want to know who you are.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Jan Valtin, Out of the Night, Kessinger Publishing Company, published 2005, page 436:",
"text": "Jensen laughed, “My wife complains: ‘All day long they ring our door bell. Tovarish here, tovarish there. They come from Moscow, from Leningrad, from Berlin and Hamburg. They don't speak one word of Danish. Comrade Jensen, they say, fix us up with Danish passports.’ So it goes.″",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Anthony Burgess, “Pedwar”, in Any Old Iron, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 1990, →ISBN, page 173:",
"text": "His Russian was derived from a fortnight's crash course. \"You'd better see what this ah tovarish thinks he wants.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Livia Bitton-Jackson, I Have Lived a Thousand Years: Growing Up in the Holocaust, Simon Pulse, →ISBN:",
"text": "The tovarishes bring along their harmonicas and balalaikas, their good voices and their good humor.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR."
],
"id": "en-tovarish-en-noun-p9lArWFX",
"links": [
[
"Comrade",
"comrade#English"
],
[
"USSR",
"USSR"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tovarishch"
},
{
"word": "tovarisch"
},
{
"word": "tovarich"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tāwārīš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَاوَارِيش"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tovariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "տովարիշ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tavariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "տավարիշ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "taváryš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тава́рыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "továriš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́риш"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dáwǎlǐxī",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "達瓦里希"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dáwǎlǐshì",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "達瓦里氏"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "továrišč"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "toveri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovarich"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tavariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "თავარიშ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Towarischtsch"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tobarishichi",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "トバリシチ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tobarisyu",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "토바리슈"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tobarisi",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "토바리시"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâvâriš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "تاواریش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "towarzysz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "towarzyszka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovariche"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovarăș"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "továrišč",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́рищ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "товариш"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovariš"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "tovariš"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "továryš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́риш"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "tovaris"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɒˈvɑːɹɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "tovarish"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "това́рищ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian това́рищ (továrišč)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian това́рищ (továrišč).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tovarishes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "tovarish (plural tovarishes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for review of German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:People",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919 December 6, The Times, p.10 col. C:",
"text": "Instead of addressing them according to revolutionary etiquette as Tovarish (comrade), he asked them their Christian names and that of their fathers, while telling them his own.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1938, Margaret Sanger, Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography:",
"text": "Touching one of them on the shoulder, she said, “Tovarish, these tovarishes want to know who you are.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940, Jan Valtin, Out of the Night, Kessinger Publishing Company, published 2005, page 436:",
"text": "Jensen laughed, “My wife complains: ‘All day long they ring our door bell. Tovarish here, tovarish there. They come from Moscow, from Leningrad, from Berlin and Hamburg. They don't speak one word of Danish. Comrade Jensen, they say, fix us up with Danish passports.’ So it goes.″",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Anthony Burgess, “Pedwar”, in Any Old Iron, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 1990, →ISBN, page 173:",
"text": "His Russian was derived from a fortnight's crash course. \"You'd better see what this ah tovarish thinks he wants.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Livia Bitton-Jackson, I Have Lived a Thousand Years: Growing Up in the Holocaust, Simon Pulse, →ISBN:",
"text": "The tovarishes bring along their harmonicas and balalaikas, their good voices and their good humor.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR."
],
"links": [
[
"Comrade",
"comrade#English"
],
[
"USSR",
"USSR"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɒˈvɑːɹɪʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tovarish.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tovarishch"
},
{
"word": "tovarisch"
},
{
"word": "tovarich"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tāwārīš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَاوَارِيش"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tovariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "տովարիշ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tavariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "տավարիշ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "taváryš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тава́рыш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "továriš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́риш"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dáwǎlǐxī",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "達瓦里希"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dáwǎlǐshì",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "達瓦里氏"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "továrišč"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "toveri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovarich"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tavariš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "თავარიშ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Towarischtsch"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tobarishichi",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "トバリシチ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tobarisyu",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "토바리슈"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tobarisi",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "토바리시"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tâvâriš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "تاواریش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "towarzysz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "towarzyszka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovariche"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovarăș"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "továrišč",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́рищ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "товариш"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tovariš"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "tovariš"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "továryš",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "това́риш"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR — see also comrade",
"word": "tovaris"
}
],
"word": "tovarish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tovarish meaning in English (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.