See towarzysz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarzyski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarzysz broni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarzysz życia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "towarzyszyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stowarzyszyć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towarzysz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish towarzysz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towarzysz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish towarzysz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "това́рищ",
"senseid": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Russian това́рищ (továrišč)",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish towarzysz. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Russian това́рищ (továrišč).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towarzyszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tow.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"abbr": "tow.",
"f": "towarzyszka"
},
"expansion": "towarzysz m pers (female equivalent towarzyszka, abbreviation tow.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wa‧rzysz"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "towarzystwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 23 11 20 9 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"companion (someone present with another person)"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-cMGifszv",
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "druh"
},
{
"word": "kompan"
},
{
"word": "współtowarzysz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Communism",
"orig": "pl:Communism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 11 20 9 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 24 10 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 26 10 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comrade (member of the socialist or communist party)"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-pl:comrade",
"links": [
[
"communism",
"communism"
],
[
"comrade",
"comrade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(communism) comrade (member of the socialist or communist party)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:comrade"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"government",
"human-sciences",
"ideology",
"philosophy",
"politics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 23 11 20 9 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"companion (object frequently with a person or activity)"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-syrvjjOt",
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 23 11 20 9 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 24 10 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 26 10 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"companion (something inextricably linked with something else)"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-mu8dn4Ry",
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "współtowarzysz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"nobleman that enlists to the hussars or under an armored banner with his own post"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-S6KG3-3J",
"links": [
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"enlist",
"enlist"
],
[
"hussar",
"hussar"
],
[
"armored",
"armored"
],
[
"banner",
"banner"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, historical) nobleman that enlists to the hussars or under an armored banner with his own post"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"journeyman"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-jffS0GFj",
"links": [
[
"journeyman",
"journeyman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) journeyman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czeladnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "pl:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 24 10 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 11 20 9 5 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 24 10 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 26 10 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 26 15 0 58",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stag beginning to rut driven out of the herd by a more dominant stag"
],
"id": "en-towarzysz-pl-noun-5pUl1ChO",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
],
[
"rut",
"rut"
],
[
"driven out",
"drive out"
],
[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"dominant",
"dominant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, hunting) stag beginning to rut driven out of the herd by a more dominant stag"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.ʐɘʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.r̝ɨʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.ʐɨʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʐɘʂ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "towarzysz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/aʐɘʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/aʐɘʂ/3 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "towarzyski"
},
{
"word": "towarzysz broni"
},
{
"word": "towarzysz życia"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "towarzyszyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stowarzyszyć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towarzysz",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish towarzysz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "towarzysz"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish towarzysz",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "това́рищ",
"senseid": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Russian това́рищ (továrišč)",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish towarzysz. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Russian това́рищ (továrišč).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "towarzyszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tow.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzyszu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towarzysze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"abbr": "tow.",
"f": "towarzyszka"
},
"expansion": "towarzysz m pers (female equivalent towarzyszka, abbreviation tow.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"to‧wa‧rzysz"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "towarzystwo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"companion (someone present with another person)"
],
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "druh"
},
{
"word": "kompan"
},
{
"word": "współtowarzysz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Communism"
],
"glosses": [
"comrade (member of the socialist or communist party)"
],
"links": [
[
"communism",
"communism"
],
[
"comrade",
"comrade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(communism) comrade (member of the socialist or communist party)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:comrade"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"communism",
"government",
"human-sciences",
"ideology",
"philosophy",
"politics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"companion (object frequently with a person or activity)"
],
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"companion (something inextricably linked with something else)"
],
"links": [
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "współtowarzysz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"nobleman that enlists to the hussars or under an armored banner with his own post"
],
"links": [
[
"nobleman",
"nobleman"
],
[
"enlist",
"enlist"
],
[
"hussar",
"hussar"
],
[
"armored",
"armored"
],
[
"banner",
"banner"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, historical) nobleman that enlists to the hussars or under an armored banner with his own post"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"journeyman"
],
"links": [
[
"journeyman",
"journeyman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) journeyman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czeladnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"stag beginning to rut driven out of the herd by a more dominant stag"
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
],
[
"rut",
"rut"
],
[
"driven out",
"drive out"
],
[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"dominant",
"dominant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, hunting) stag beginning to rut driven out of the herd by a more dominant stag"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete",
"person"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.ʐɘʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.r̝ɨʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔˈva.ʐɨʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʐɘʂ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "towarzysz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for towarzysz meaning in Polish (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.