See china in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for china meaning in English (19.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bone china"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bull in a china shop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-blue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-closet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china doll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china eye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-fancier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-glaze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-hunter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-like"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china mark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china money"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-oven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-painting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-paints"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-shell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-shop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-stone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china-tipper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china token"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china wedding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china blue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china clay"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china marker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "china pencil"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China"
},
"expansion": "China",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "china-ware"
},
"expansion": "china-ware",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "چین",
"tr": "čini"
},
"expansion": "Persian چین (čini)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China root"
},
"expansion": "China root",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China rose"
},
"expansion": "China rose",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China tea"
},
"expansion": "China tea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "china plate"
},
"expansion": "china plate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mate",
"3": "",
"4": "friend"
},
"expansion": "mate (“friend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China"
},
"expansion": "China",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cymbal"
},
"expansion": "cymbal",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From clippings of attributive use of China, q.v., the country in East Asia. In reference to porcelain and porcelain objects, via clipping of china-ware and via this sense of Persian چین (čini) in Persia and India, which influenced the pronunciation (see below). In reference to medicine, via clipping of China root. In reference to flowers, via clipping of China rose. In reference to tea, via clipping of China tea. In Cockney slang, a clipping of china plate as a rhyme of mate (“friend”). In reference to drum cymbals, a clipping of China cymbal and as a genericization of a kind of Zildjian-brand cymbal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chinas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "china (countable and uncountable, plural chinas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 8 9 23 2 3 10 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 16 6 9 2 10 4 16 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 13 18 3 3 16 6 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "en:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a china doll.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of porcelain, a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-9nzMa0LO",
"links": [
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain#English"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"translucent",
"translucent"
],
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"kaolin",
"kaolin"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"sometimes",
"sometimes"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
],
[
"fine",
"fine#English"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Synonym of porcelain, a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "porcelain"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 16 6 9 2 10 4 16 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 13 18 3 3 16 6 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "en:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1634, Thomas Herbert, A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, page 41",
"text": "They sell Callicoes, Cheney Sattin, Cheney ware.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1653, Henry Cogan translating Fernão Mendes Pinto as The Voyages and Adventures of Fernand Mendez Pinto, p. 206",
"text": "...a Present of certain very rich Pieces of China."
},
{
"text": "He set the table with china, cloth napkins, and crystal stemware.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The traditional 20th anniversary gift is china.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chinaware: porcelain tableware."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-EoX5FJZL",
"links": [
[
"Chinaware",
"chinaware"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Chinaware: porcelain tableware."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "bilur"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣīniyya",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "صِينِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "portselan"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "posliiniastia"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "posliiniastiasto"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "porcelana"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Porzellan"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"alt": "じき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiki",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "磁器"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiní"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "porcelan",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "порцелан"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaisselle dé porcélaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "چینی"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "louça"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "cheenae"
},
{
"_dis1": "19 38 20 7 2 1 5 2 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "porslin"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 16 6 9 2 10 4 16 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 13 18 3 3 16 6 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "en:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921 May 11, “Edison Questions Stir Up a Storm”, in New York Times",
"text": "What is porcelain? A fine earthenware differing from china in being harder, whiter, harder to fuse and more translucent than ordinary pottery.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cheaper and lower-quality ceramic and ceramic tableware, distinguished from porcelain."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-TkwuWoCz",
"links": [
[
"Cheaper",
"cheaper"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, chiefly US, dated) Cheaper and lower-quality ceramic and ceramic tableware, distinguished from porcelain."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 10 27 2 2 11 8 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 8 9 23 2 3 10 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 13 18 3 3 16 6 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "en:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 24 5 6 12 8 7 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Liliales order plants",
"orig": "en:Liliales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 9 20 4 12 10 8 7 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Roses",
"orig": "en:Roses",
"parents": [
"Flowers",
"Rose family plants",
"Plants",
"Rosales order plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of China root, the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-gwYXvOH8",
"links": [
[
"China root",
"China root#English"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Synonym of China root, the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "China root"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1790, Alexander Wilson, Poems, page 55",
"text": "...And then the last boon I'll implore,\nIs to bless us with China so tight...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of cheyney: worsted or woolen stuff."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-zkkqSAF-",
"links": [
[
"cheyney",
"cheyney#English"
],
[
"worsted",
"worsted"
],
[
"woolen",
"woolen"
],
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of cheyney: worsted or woolen stuff."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "worsted or woolen stuff",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "cheyney"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844, Jane Loudon, The Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden, 3rd edition, page 344",
"text": "Rosa indica (the common China); Rosa semperflorens (the monthly China).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of China rose, in its various senses."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-0aR~WS-g",
"links": [
[
"China rose",
"China rose#English"
],
[
"various",
"various"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Synonym of China rose, in its various senses."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "in its various senses",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "China rose"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South African English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 8 9 23 2 3 10 7 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 13 18 3 3 16 6 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "en:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "All right, me old china?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Daniel William Barrett, Life and Work among the Navvies, 2nd edition, page 41",
"text": "‘Now, then, my china-plate...’ This is essentially a brick~layer's phrase. If for ‘china-plate’ you substitute ‘mate’,[…] the puzzle is revealed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1925, Edward Fraser et al., Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, page 53",
"text": "China, or Old China: chum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mate (rhyme of china-plate)."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-en:mate",
"links": [
[
"Cockney rhyming slang",
"Cockney rhyming slang"
],
[
"mate",
"mate#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Cockney rhyming slang, Australia, South Africa) Synonym of mate (rhyme of china-plate)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "rhyme of china-plate",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "mate"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"Cockney",
"South-Africa",
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907, Yesterday's Shopping, page 1",
"text": "Tea... Finest China, Plain (Moning).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tea from China, (particularly) varieties cured by smoking or opposed to Indian cultivars."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-Bt7JTRaq",
"links": [
[
"Tea",
"tea"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"varieties",
"varieties"
],
[
"cured",
"cured"
],
[
"smoking",
"smoking"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"cultivar",
"cultivar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, dated) Tea from China, (particularly) varieties cured by smoking or opposed to Indian cultivars."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Games",
"orig": "en:Games",
"parents": [
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 16 6 9 2 10 4 16 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
"orig": "en:Ceramics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1932 March, Dan Beard, “New-Fashioned Kites and Old-Fashioned Marbles”, in Boys' Life, page 27",
"text": "The marbles, in those days, had their primitive names. The unglazed china ones were called plasters because they looked like plaster; the glazed china marbles were called chinas. I remember how charming were the partly colored lines which encircled them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A glazed china marble."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-ke2ld2ic",
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"glazed",
"glazed"
],
[
"marble",
"marble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, games, chiefly US, obsolete) A glazed china marble."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Carmine Appice, Drums for Everyone, page 78",
"text": "China cymbals are a type of short sound cymbal. [Brand X] makes chinas with really short sounds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of drum cymbal approximating a Chinese style of cymbal, but usually with Turkish influences."
],
"id": "en-china-en-noun-mj0GMUuu",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"drum",
"drum"
],
[
"cymbal",
"cymbal"
],
[
"approximating",
"approximating"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, music) A kind of drum cymbal approximating a Chinese style of cymbal, but usually with Turkish influences."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 8 6 19 0 1 10 4 2 40",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chaina shinbaru",
"sense": "Turco-Chinese drum cymbal",
"word": "チャイナシンバル"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃeɪnɪ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃiːnɪ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnə"
},
{
"audio": "En-gb-china.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-gb-china.oga/En-gb-china.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-gb-china.oga",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (GB)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-china.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-us-china.ogg/En-us-china.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-us-china.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 china.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "generally dated",
"word": "China"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chiney"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheney"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chenea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chainy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chaney"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chany"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chaynee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chayney"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheeny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chainé"
}
],
"word": "china"
}
{
"categories": [
"Australian rhyming slang",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Persian",
"English terms derived from toponyms",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnə",
"Rhymes:English/aɪnə/2 syllables",
"en:Ceramics",
"en:Kitchenware",
"en:Liliales order plants",
"en:Roses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bone china"
},
{
"word": "bull in a china shop"
},
{
"word": "china-blue"
},
{
"word": "china-closet"
},
{
"word": "china doll"
},
{
"word": "china eye"
},
{
"word": "china-fancier"
},
{
"word": "china-glaze"
},
{
"word": "china-house"
},
{
"word": "china-hunter"
},
{
"word": "china-like"
},
{
"word": "china mark"
},
{
"word": "china money"
},
{
"word": "china-oven"
},
{
"word": "china-painting"
},
{
"word": "china-paints"
},
{
"word": "china-shell"
},
{
"word": "china-shop"
},
{
"word": "china-stone"
},
{
"word": "china-tipper"
},
{
"word": "china token"
},
{
"word": "china wedding"
},
{
"word": "china blue"
},
{
"word": "china clay"
},
{
"word": "china marker"
},
{
"word": "china pencil"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China"
},
"expansion": "China",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "china-ware"
},
"expansion": "china-ware",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa",
"3": "چین",
"tr": "čini"
},
"expansion": "Persian چین (čini)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China root"
},
"expansion": "China root",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China rose"
},
"expansion": "China rose",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China tea"
},
"expansion": "China tea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "china plate"
},
"expansion": "china plate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mate",
"3": "",
"4": "friend"
},
"expansion": "mate (“friend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "China"
},
"expansion": "China",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cymbal"
},
"expansion": "cymbal",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From clippings of attributive use of China, q.v., the country in East Asia. In reference to porcelain and porcelain objects, via clipping of china-ware and via this sense of Persian چین (čini) in Persia and India, which influenced the pronunciation (see below). In reference to medicine, via clipping of China root. In reference to flowers, via clipping of China rose. In reference to tea, via clipping of China tea. In Cockney slang, a clipping of china plate as a rhyme of mate (“friend”). In reference to drum cymbals, a clipping of China cymbal and as a genericization of a kind of Zildjian-brand cymbal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chinas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "china (countable and uncountable, plural chinas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "It's a china doll.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of porcelain, a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china."
],
"links": [
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain#English"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"translucent",
"translucent"
],
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"made",
"made"
],
[
"kaolin",
"kaolin"
],
[
"now",
"now"
],
[
"sometimes",
"sometimes"
],
[
"distinguished",
"distinguished"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
],
[
"fine",
"fine#English"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Synonym of porcelain, a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "a hard white translucent ceramic made from kaolin, now (chiefly US) sometimes distinguished in reference to tableware as fine or good china",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "porcelain"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1634, Thomas Herbert, A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, page 41",
"text": "They sell Callicoes, Cheney Sattin, Cheney ware.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1653, Henry Cogan translating Fernão Mendes Pinto as The Voyages and Adventures of Fernand Mendez Pinto, p. 206",
"text": "...a Present of certain very rich Pieces of China."
},
{
"text": "He set the table with china, cloth napkins, and crystal stemware.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The traditional 20th anniversary gift is china.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chinaware: porcelain tableware."
],
"links": [
[
"Chinaware",
"chinaware"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Chinaware: porcelain tableware."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1921 May 11, “Edison Questions Stir Up a Storm”, in New York Times",
"text": "What is porcelain? A fine earthenware differing from china in being harder, whiter, harder to fuse and more translucent than ordinary pottery.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cheaper and lower-quality ceramic and ceramic tableware, distinguished from porcelain."
],
"links": [
[
"Cheaper",
"cheaper"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
],
[
"ceramic",
"ceramic"
],
[
"tableware",
"tableware"
],
[
"distinguish",
"distinguish"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, chiefly US, dated) Cheaper and lower-quality ceramic and ceramic tableware, distinguished from porcelain."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of China root, the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine."
],
"links": [
[
"China root",
"China root#English"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Synonym of China root, the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "the root of Smilax china (particularly) as a medicine",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "China root"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1790, Alexander Wilson, Poems, page 55",
"text": "...And then the last boon I'll implore,\nIs to bless us with China so tight...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of cheyney: worsted or woolen stuff."
],
"links": [
[
"cheyney",
"cheyney#English"
],
[
"worsted",
"worsted"
],
[
"woolen",
"woolen"
],
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Synonym of cheyney: worsted or woolen stuff."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "worsted or woolen stuff",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "cheyney"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844, Jane Loudon, The Ladies' Companion to the Flower Garden, 3rd edition, page 344",
"text": "Rosa indica (the common China); Rosa semperflorens (the monthly China).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of China rose, in its various senses."
],
"links": [
[
"China rose",
"China rose#English"
],
[
"various",
"various"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Synonym of China rose, in its various senses."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "in its various senses",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "China rose"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"Cockney rhyming slang",
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"South African English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "All right, me old china?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Daniel William Barrett, Life and Work among the Navvies, 2nd edition, page 41",
"text": "‘Now, then, my china-plate...’ This is essentially a brick~layer's phrase. If for ‘china-plate’ you substitute ‘mate’,[…] the puzzle is revealed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1925, Edward Fraser et al., Soldier and Sailor Words and Phrases, page 53",
"text": "China, or Old China: chum.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of mate (rhyme of china-plate)."
],
"links": [
[
"Cockney rhyming slang",
"Cockney rhyming slang"
],
[
"mate",
"mate#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Cockney rhyming slang, Australia, South Africa) Synonym of mate (rhyme of china-plate)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:mate"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "rhyme of china-plate",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "mate"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"Cockney",
"South-Africa",
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907, Yesterday's Shopping, page 1",
"text": "Tea... Finest China, Plain (Moning).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tea from China, (particularly) varieties cured by smoking or opposed to Indian cultivars."
],
"links": [
[
"Tea",
"tea"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"varieties",
"varieties"
],
[
"cured",
"cured"
],
[
"smoking",
"smoking"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"India",
"India"
],
[
"cultivar",
"cultivar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, dated) Tea from China, (particularly) varieties cured by smoking or opposed to Indian cultivars."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Games"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1932 March, Dan Beard, “New-Fashioned Kites and Old-Fashioned Marbles”, in Boys' Life, page 27",
"text": "The marbles, in those days, had their primitive names. The unglazed china ones were called plasters because they looked like plaster; the glazed china marbles were called chinas. I remember how charming were the partly colored lines which encircled them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A glazed china marble."
],
"links": [
[
"games",
"game#Noun"
],
[
"glazed",
"glazed"
],
[
"marble",
"marble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, games, chiefly US, obsolete) A glazed china marble."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Carmine Appice, Drums for Everyone, page 78",
"text": "China cymbals are a type of short sound cymbal. [Brand X] makes chinas with really short sounds.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of drum cymbal approximating a Chinese style of cymbal, but usually with Turkish influences."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"drum",
"drum"
],
[
"cymbal",
"cymbal"
],
[
"approximating",
"approximating"
],
[
"Chinese",
"Chinese"
],
[
"style",
"style"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"Turkish",
"Turkish"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, music) A kind of drum cymbal approximating a Chinese style of cymbal, but usually with Turkish influences."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃeɪnɪ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃiːnɪ/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪnə"
},
{
"audio": "En-gb-china.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-gb-china.oga/En-gb-china.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-gb-china.oga",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (GB)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-china.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-us-china.ogg/En-us-china.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-us-china.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "EN-AU ck1 china.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/EN-AU_ck1_china.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "generally dated",
"word": "China"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chiney"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheny"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheney"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chenea"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chainy"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chaney"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chany"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chaynee"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chayney"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheenie"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "cheeny"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chainé"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "bilur"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣīniyya",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "صِينِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "portselan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "posliiniastia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "posliiniastiasto"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "porcelana"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Porzellan"
},
{
"alt": "じき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jiki",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "磁器"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiní"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "porcelan",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "порцелан"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaisselle dé porcélaine"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "چینی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "louça"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"word": "cheenae"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "porcelain tableware",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "porslin"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chaina shinbaru",
"sense": "Turco-Chinese drum cymbal",
"word": "チャイナシンバル"
}
],
"word": "china"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.