See chum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chum meaning in All languages combined (34.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cham"
},
"expansion": "cham",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chambermate"
},
"expansion": "chambermate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "comrade",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brawd",
"t": "brother"
},
"expansion": "brawd (“brother”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 20 15 7 3 4 0 23 0 3 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-8IwkyMmO",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приятел"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 20 15 7 3 4 0 23 0 3 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-hBlnnRLy",
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartirant",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартирант"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 87",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cham"
},
"expansion": "cham",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chambermate"
},
"expansion": "chambermate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "comrade",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brawd",
"t": "brother"
},
"expansion": "brawd (“brother”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-Eadm--fA",
"links": [
[
"rooms",
"rooms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 20 15 7 3 4 0 23 0 3 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-tjWeUmXZ",
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-yYq1qt0A",
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-SYytOCGU",
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pim",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "en:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 15 7 3 4 0 23 0 3 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 30 6 20 6 1 0 1 7 24",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Salmonids",
"orig": "en:Salmonids",
"parents": [
"Fish",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chum in the water"
},
{
"word": "chumsicle"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was working…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-rKyNiXFW",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"rancid",
"rancid"
],
[
"groundbait",
"groundbait"
],
[
"predator",
"predator"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, chiefly Canada, US) A mixture of (frequently rancid) fish parts and blood, dumped into the water as groundbait to attract predator fish, such as sharks."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "malágra",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makie",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"word": "撒き餌"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pim",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "en:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 176",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-5UrX5f-E",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, transitive, intransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ceramics",
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"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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],
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{
"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"pottery",
"pottery"
],
[
"mould",
"mould"
],
[
"whirler",
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],
[
"lathe",
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]
],
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]
}
],
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "chn",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "-"
},
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],
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{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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"categories": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"chum salmon",
"chum salmon#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
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}
]
}
],
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (US)"
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],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ru",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
{
"args": {
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"t": "tent, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).",
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{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"name": "en-noun"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"A temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Uralic reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia."
],
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],
[
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[
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[
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],
[
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[
"herder",
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],
[
"northwestern",
"northwestern"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
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],
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}
{
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"2": "verb"
},
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"name": "head"
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],
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epigraphic Mayan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"source": "w"
}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"sit",
"sit"
]
]
}
],
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}
{
"derived": [
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"word": "chum de fille"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"3": "chum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "English chum",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "chum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English chum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English chum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "blonde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "chum de fille",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"f2": "chum de fille"
},
"expansion": "chum m (plural chums, feminine blonde or chum de fille)",
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}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quebec French",
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},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
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"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
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"Philosophy",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "topical",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: blonde"
},
{
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"text": "Elle m’a présenté son nouveau chum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Je croyais qu’il était rien qu’un ami à Éric mais en fait c’est son chum.\nI believed that he was just another of Éric's friends, but in fact, it's his boyfriend.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"boyfriend"
],
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"links": [
[
"boyfriend",
"boyfriend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, informal, Quebec) boyfriend"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "petit ami"
},
{
"word": "ami de cœur"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "fiancé"
},
{
"word": "conjoint"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Quebec",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quebec French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: chum de fille"
},
{
"english": "I went to dance with a group of my male friends.",
"text": "J’suis allé danser avec une gang de chums.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a friend, usually male; a chum"
],
"id": "en-chum-fr-noun-DuQ9kzko",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"chum",
"chum#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, chiefly slang, Quebec) a friend, usually male; a chum"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "copain"
},
{
"word": "ami"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Quebec",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɔm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "cum"
},
"expansion": "cum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inflected form of cum.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "verb form",
"cat2": "mutated verbs"
},
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],
"lang": "Irish",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 38",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"word": "cum"
}
],
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"past indicative analytic of cum"
],
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"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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"_dis": "30 33 38",
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],
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"word": "cum"
}
],
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"Lenited form of cum."
],
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"links": [
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"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/xuːmˠ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xʊmˠ/"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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"args": {
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"2": "sga",
"3": "dochum"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dochum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish dochum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers no mutation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "-"
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],
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"lang_code": "ga",
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"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
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},
{
"_dis": "30 33 38",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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"chun",
"chun#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊnˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
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"form": "spelling",
"tags": [
"Unified"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
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"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
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"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) how"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "·chum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mutated verb",
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},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "·cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of ·cum."
],
"id": "en-chum-sga-verb-Gl9zgI-y",
"links": [
[
"·cum",
"cum#Old Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tiy",
"2": "kumang"
},
"expansion": "Tiruray kumang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "om̧"
},
"expansion": "Marshallese om̧",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Palauan *qumaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ. Cognate with Cebuano umang, Tiruray kumang, Marshallese om̧.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palauan",
"lang_code": "pau",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Palauan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hermit crab"
],
"id": "en-chum-pau-noun-GraNJXV0",
"links": [
[
"hermit crab",
"hermit crab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen"
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chun"
],
"id": "en-chum-gd-prep-vcGx4r7I",
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "um"
},
"name": "gd-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative of cum"
],
"id": "en-chum-gd-verb-84rW06Rr",
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𡓯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𡓯"
},
"expansion": "chum • (𡓯)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𡓯",
"cls": "cái"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái) chum • (𡓯)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Containers",
"orig": "vi:Containers",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of vase used to contain liquids or rice"
],
"id": "en-chum-vi-noun-g4JKHM-y",
"links": [
[
"vase",
"vase"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hũ"
},
{
"word": "lu"
},
{
"word": "tĩn"
},
{
"word": "vại"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cʊm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cham"
},
"expansion": "cham",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chambermate"
},
"expansion": "chambermate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "comrade",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brawd",
"t": "brother"
},
"expansion": "brawd (“brother”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приятел"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartirant",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартирант"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cham"
},
"expansion": "cham",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chambermate"
},
"expansion": "chambermate",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comrade"
},
"expansion": "comrade",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brawd",
"t": "brother"
},
"expansion": "brawd (“brother”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"links": [
[
"rooms",
"rooms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
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"en:People",
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{
"word": "chum in the water"
},
{
"word": "chumsicle"
}
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{
"categories": [
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"Canadian English",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was working…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"links": [
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"Canada",
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],
[
"rancid",
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"groundbait",
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
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"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
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"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"word": "撒き餌"
}
],
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}
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],
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{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, page 176",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"links": [
[
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"fishing#Noun"
],
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"transitive",
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[
"intransitive",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, transitive, intransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
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}
],
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"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"links": [
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]
}
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"name": "der"
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}
],
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],
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],
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}
],
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"etymology_number": 5,
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],
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],
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],
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{
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],
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
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"tr": "",
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},
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],
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{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "blonde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
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}
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"French terms with usage examples",
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],
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"text": "Coordinate term: blonde"
},
{
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"text": "Elle m’a présenté son nouveau chum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
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},
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"type": "example"
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],
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],
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}
],
"tags": [
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}
],
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},
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],
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"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"categories": [
"Irish obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of chun"
],
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊnˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "spelling",
"tags": [
"Unified"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arn",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mapudungun",
"lang_code": "arn",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mapudungun entries with incorrect language header",
"Mapudungun lemmas",
"Mapudungun pronouns",
"Unified Mapudungun spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) how"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "·chum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mutated verb",
"head": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "sga-mutverb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lenited forms",
"Old Irish mutated verbs",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "·cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of ·cum."
],
"links": [
[
"·cum",
"cum#Old Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "umang"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano umang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tiy",
"2": "kumang"
},
"expansion": "Tiruray kumang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "om̧"
},
"expansion": "Marshallese om̧",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Palauan *qumaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ. Cognate with Cebuano umang, Tiruray kumang, Marshallese om̧.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palauan",
"lang_code": "pau",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Palauan entries with incorrect language header",
"Palauan lemmas",
"Palauan nouns",
"Palauan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Palauan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Palauan terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"hermit crab"
],
"links": [
[
"hermit crab",
"hermit crab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen"
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chun"
],
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "um"
},
"name": "gd-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative of cum"
],
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𡓯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𡓯"
},
"expansion": "chum • (𡓯)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𡓯",
"cls": "cái"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái) chum • (𡓯)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hũ"
},
{
"word": "lu"
},
{
"word": "tĩn"
},
{
"word": "vại"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Containers"
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of vase used to contain liquids or rice"
],
"links": [
[
"vase",
"vase"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cʊm˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.