See chum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chum in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czum",
"3": "",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 4 22 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 2 7 5 11 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114:",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-8IwkyMmO",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тел"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 17 4 22 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161:",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-hBlnnRLy",
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartiránt",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартира́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (third-person singular simple present chums, present participle chumming, simple past and past participle chummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors:",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-Eadm--fA",
"links": [
[
"rooms",
"rooms"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To share rooms with someone; to live together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 4 22 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-tjWeUmXZ",
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 4 22 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 7 6 9 4 0 2 42 4 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Friendship",
"orig": "en:Friendship",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Virtue",
"Human",
"Ethics",
"All topics",
"Philosophy",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 11 5 2 3 0 17 25 2 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:",
"text": "I was not surprised to see somebody sitting aft, on the deck, with his legs dangling over the mud. You see I rather chummed with the few mechanics there were in that station, whom the other pilgrims naturally despised—on account of their imperfect manners, I suppose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman:",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-yYq1qt0A",
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chum up"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 10 7 12 21 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 9 6 12 20 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 17 4 22 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 4 9 7 15 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 5 24 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 3 10 8 16 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 5 25 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 2 6 5 10 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 2 11 8 17 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
"id": "en-chum-en-verb-SYytOCGU",
"links": [
[
"accompany",
"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Perhaps"
},
"expansion": "Perhaps",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pim",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Powhatan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally American English, from the 1850s. Perhaps from Powhatan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "en:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
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],
"derived": [
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},
{
"word": "chumbucket"
},
{
"word": "chum in the water"
},
{
"word": "chumsicle"
}
],
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{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27:",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was ^([sic]) working…",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-rKyNiXFW",
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"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
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"Canada",
"Canada"
],
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"US",
"American English"
],
[
"rancid",
"rancid"
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[
"groundbait",
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],
[
"predator",
"predator"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
],
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{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "malágra",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "makie",
"sense": "fishy groundbait",
"word": "撒き餌"
}
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
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"args": {
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],
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{
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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{
"word": "chummer"
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],
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{
"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide:",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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"fishing#Noun"
],
[
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"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
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],
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],
"tags": [
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"transitive"
],
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"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
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},
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.:",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820:",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-chum-en-noun-OnJrw3oi",
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],
[
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"mould"
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[
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[
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],
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]
}
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{
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}
],
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}
{
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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],
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"tags": [
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"tags": [
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],
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[
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],
[
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]
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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],
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}
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],
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]
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],
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],
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},
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}
],
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "blonde",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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}
],
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],
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},
{
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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},
{
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"type": "example"
},
{
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"type": "example"
}
],
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],
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]
],
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],
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},
{
"word": "ami de cœur"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "fiancé"
},
{
"word": "conjoint"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Quebec",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
},
{
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},
{
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],
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},
{
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"Ethics",
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"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"text": "Coordinate term: chum de fille"
},
{
"english": "I went to dance with a group of my chums.",
"text": "J’suis allé danser avec une gang de chums.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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],
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"friend"
],
[
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"male"
],
[
"chum",
"chum#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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{
"word": "copain"
},
{
"word": "ami"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Quebec",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɔm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Inflected form of cum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "verb form",
"cat2": "mutated verbs"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative analytic of cum"
],
"id": "en-chum-ga-verb-WHtqrf4U",
"links": [
[
"analytic",
"analytic"
],
[
"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"analytic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 12 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of cum."
],
"id": "en-chum-ga-verb-QCDeVrtw",
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xuːmˠ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xʊmˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "dochum"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dochum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish dochum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers no mutation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of chun."
],
"id": "en-chum-ga-prep-AD48H~Vg",
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊnˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "spelling",
"tags": [
"Unified"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arn",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mapudungun",
"lang_code": "arn",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mapudungun entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mapudungun pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Unified Mapudungun spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"id": "en-chum-arn-pron-gESq4fho",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) how"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "·chum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mutated verb",
"head": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "sga-mutverb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "·cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of ·cum."
],
"id": "en-chum-sga-verb-Gl9zgI-y",
"links": [
[
"·cum",
"cum#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "umang"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano umang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tiy",
"2": "kumang"
},
"expansion": "Tiruray kumang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "om̧"
},
"expansion": "Marshallese om̧",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Palauan *qumaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ. Cognate with Cebuano umang, Tiruray kumang, Marshallese om̧.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palauan",
"lang_code": "pau",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Palauan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hermit crab"
],
"id": "en-chum-pau-noun-GraNJXV0",
"links": [
[
"hermit crab",
"hermit crab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen"
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chun"
],
"id": "en-chum-gd-prep-vcGx4r7I",
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative of cum"
],
"id": "en-chum-gd-verb-84rW06Rr",
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "chiếc",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𡓯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱗲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "坫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "炶",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡑓",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓"
},
"expansion": "chum • (𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓",
"cls": "cái, chiếc"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái, chiếc) chum • (𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by chiếc",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Containers",
"orig": "vi:Containers",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large jar"
],
"id": "en-chum-vi-noun-DzWXXrtc",
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"jar",
"jar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cʊm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bum chum"
},
{
"word": "chum in"
},
{
"word": "chummage"
},
{
"word": "chummery"
},
{
"word": "chumming"
},
{
"word": "chummo"
},
{
"word": "chummy"
},
{
"word": "chumocracy"
},
{
"word": "chumship"
},
{
"word": "chum up"
},
{
"word": "dumb chum"
},
{
"word": "new chum"
},
{
"word": "Spec-chum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "chum",
"bor": "3",
"qq": "Québec"
},
"expansion": "→ French: chum (Québec)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: chum (Québec)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "czum",
"3": "",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: czum (Canada)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chamo",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Venezuela"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: chamo (Venezuela)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "tyamu"
},
"expansion": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sranan Tongo: tyamu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tjomme",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Gothenburg dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: tjomme (Gothenburg dialect)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tjommi",
"bor": "2",
"qq": "Bergen dialect"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: tjommi (Bergen dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cymrawd",
"t": "fellow"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1675–85; of uncertain origin, possibly from cham, shortening of chambermate, or from comrade. Less likely from Welsh cymrawd (“fellow”), compare brawd (“brother”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, Donald Ferguson, chapter 13, in The Chums of Scranton High, or Hugh Morgan's Uphill Fight, Cleveland, New York: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., page 114:",
"text": "That made Thad think of Mark Twain, and he wondered whether the illustrious Tom Sawyer and his chum, Huckleberry Finn, had ever arranged a more fetching reception committee than this one[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Sarah Lyall, “British Politics Gives a Sense of Government by Old School Chums”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Looking at the backgrounds of the leading personalities in the Brexit drama, it is hard not to conclude that Britain has been led into crisis in large part by a bunch of old chums who spent the last year holed up in a political hall of mirrors, plotting with and scheming against one another.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A friend; a pal."
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"pal",
"pal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A friend; a pal."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "friend"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856 February, Paul Siogvolk, “Schediasms: My College Friend, Bosworth Field”, in The Knickerbocker: Or, New-York Monthly Magazine, volume 47, number 2, page 161:",
"text": "Field had a 'chum,' or room-mate, whose visage was suggestive to the 'Sophs;' it invited experiment; it held out opportunity for their peculiar deviltry.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"links": [
[
"roommate",
"roommate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) A roommate, especially in a college or university."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тел"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "company"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kámoš"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumpel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Freund"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "haver"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "cimbora"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "pajtás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "koma"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"word": "barát"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amico"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bátka",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ба́тка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "príjatel",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "при́јател"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schlockat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prijátelʹ",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прия́тель"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigote"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amiguete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "compinche"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compañero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "camarada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a friend; a pal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amigo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkvartiránt",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "съквартира́нт"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mitbewohner"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "szobatárs"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "kunvivanto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "vicino di stanza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "compagno di stanza"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "címer",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ци́мер"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "po",
"sense": "a roommate",
"word": "това́рищ m по комнате"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sožitelʹ",
"sense": "a roommate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сожитель"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
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}
],
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],
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{
"ref": "1899, Clyde Bowman Furst, A Group of Old Authors:",
"text": "Henry Wotton and John Donne began to be friends when, as boys, they chummed together at Oxford, where Donne had gone at the age of twelve years.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
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"lodge"
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],
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"(transitive) To lodge (somebody) with another person or people."
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]
},
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{
"ref": "1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:",
"text": "I was not surprised to see somebody sitting aft, on the deck, with his legs dangling over the mud. You see I rather chummed with the few mechanics there were in that station, whom the other pilgrims naturally despised—on account of their imperfect manners, I suppose.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902, Ernest William Hornung, The Amateur Cracksman:",
"text": "\"You'll make yourself disliked on board!\"\n\"By von Heumann merely.\"\n\"But is that wise when he's the man we've got to diddle?\"\n\"The wisest thing I ever did. To have chummed up with him would have been fatal -- the common dodge.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make friends; to socialize."
],
"links": [
[
"socialize",
"socialize"
]
],
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"(intransitive) To make friends; to socialize."
],
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"word": "chum up"
}
],
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"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"text": "I'll chum you down to the shops.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To accompany."
],
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[
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"accompany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Scotland, informal) To accompany."
],
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"transitive"
]
}
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"derived": [
{
"word": "chumbox"
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{
"word": "chumbucket"
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{
"word": "chumsicle"
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{
"ref": "2021 March 18, Sarah Zhang, “A Gruesome Feeding Frenzy in the Atlantic Ocean”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The whale’s floating body also forms a chum slick on the surface—a trail of blood, oil, and chunks of fat and flesh that might stretch for miles across the water. […] This chum slick is what attracts sharks from afar. Seabirds are drawn to it too.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “The Best Methods to Go Chumming”, in Bait Binder, Coastal Baits, LLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-27:",
"text": "Most of us have seen the movie “Jaws”. Sheriff Brody is complaining about being the lucky one in charge of creating a chum line out of the back of the boat. The bucket is full of an awful combination of fish parts and blood. As he ladles scoop after scoop into the ocean, clearly, it was ^([sic]) working…",
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],
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"code": "el",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαλάγρα"
},
{
"code": "ja",
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}
],
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}
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"ref": "1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "He began to chum for sharks, using whale oil and chopped whale meat.",
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},
{
"ref": "1996, Frank Sargeant, The Reef Fishing Book: A Complete Anglers Guide:",
"text": "Small live baitfish are effective, and they will take bits of fresh cut fish when chummed strongly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(fishing, transitive, intransitive) To cast chum into the water to attract fish."
],
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],
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{
"ref": "1915, The Pottery & Glass Salesman, volume 11, O'Gorman Publishing Company.:",
"text": "...self-supporting chum within the mould normally of corresponding and almost the same but lesser contour, whereby a space is provided between the chum and mould for the introduction of the powdered material and means for expanding the chum'.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1920, The South African Journal of Industries, volume 3, part 2, p. 820:",
"text": "He uses a round slab of clay, which he places on top of the chum and commences to thump down around the sides.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1921, A Survey and Analysis of the Pottery Industry, bulletin no. 67, trade and industrial series no. 20, Washington: Federal Board for Vocational Training.\nChum,—A mold used on the whirler to hold ware for scraping and finishing."
},
{
"ref": "1972, Neal French, Industrial Ceramics—Tableware, Oxford University Press:",
"text": "Now that shapes were more uniform this was usually done on a horizontal lathe with the bowl automatically centred on a wooden chum\nThis is a more useful method: it is used in making oval casseroles. The liner is made by spreading a bat and tehn forming it over a felt-covered chum, oval in shape.\nChum or chuck: Lathe attachment for holding pots during turning process.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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]
}
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of chum salmon"
],
"links": [
[
"chum salmon",
"chum salmon#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "chum salmon"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-chum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg/En-us-chum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/En-us-chum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Komi-Zyrian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Udmurt",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Eastern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Northern Khanty translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"en:Animal foods",
"en:Friendship",
"en:People",
"en:Salmonids"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Russian чум (čum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kpv",
"3": "чум"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "udm",
"3": "чум",
"t": "tent, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian чум (čum), from Komi-Zyrian чум (ćum) and/or Udmurt чум (ćum, “tent, shelter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chum (plural chums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Uralic reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia."
],
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
],
[
"nomadic",
"nomadic"
],
[
"Uralic",
"Uralic"
],
[
"reindeer",
"reindeer"
],
[
"herder",
"herder"
],
[
"northwestern",
"northwestern"
],
[
"Siberia",
"Siberia"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:housing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuːm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "kca-eas",
"lang": "Eastern Khanty",
"roman": "njuki ḳot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њуки ӄот"
},
{
"code": "kca-nor",
"lang": "Northern Khanty",
"roman": "njŭki hot",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "њўки хот"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "ćum",
"sense": "housing",
"word": "чум"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"en:Chum (tent)"
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emy",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Epigraphic Mayan",
"lang_code": "emy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Epigraphic Mayan entries with incorrect language header",
"Epigraphic Mayan lemmas",
"Epigraphic Mayan verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to sit"
],
"links": [
[
"sit",
"sit"
]
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Friendship",
"fr:Love",
"fr:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chum de fille"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "chum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English chum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English chum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "blonde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "chum de fille",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "blonde",
"f2": "chum de fille"
},
"expansion": "chum m (plural chums, feminine blonde or chum de fille)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Canadian French",
"French informal terms",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Quebec French"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: blonde"
},
{
"english": "She introduced me to her new boyfriend.",
"text": "Elle m’a présenté son nouveau chum.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Je croyais qu’il était rien qu’un ami à Éric mais en fait c’est son chum.\nI believed that he was just another of Éric's friends, but in fact, it's his boyfriend.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boyfriend"
],
"links": [
[
"boyfriend",
"boyfriend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, informal, Quebec) boyfriend"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "petit ami"
},
{
"word": "ami de cœur"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "fiancé"
},
{
"word": "conjoint"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Quebec",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian French",
"French slang",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Quebec French"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: chum de fille"
},
{
"english": "I went to dance with a group of my chums.",
"text": "J’suis allé danser avec une gang de chums.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a friend, usually male; a chum"
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"chum",
"chum#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, chiefly slang, Quebec) a friend, usually male; a chum"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "copain"
},
{
"word": "ami"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"Quebec",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɔm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DenisdeShawi-chum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish mutated verbs",
"Irish non-lemma forms",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Inflected form of cum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "verb form",
"cat2": "mutated verbs"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative analytic of cum"
],
"links": [
[
"analytic",
"analytic"
],
[
"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"analytic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Irish lenited forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of cum."
],
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xuːmˠ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/xʊmˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish prepositions",
"Irish prepositions governing the genitive",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "dochum"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish dochum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish dochum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "plus genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers no mutation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "g",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)",
"name": "ga-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"categories": [
"Irish obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete spelling of chun."
],
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"triggers-no-mutation",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʊnˠ/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "spelling",
"tags": [
"Unified"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arn",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mapudungun",
"lang_code": "arn",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mapudungun entries with incorrect language header",
"Mapudungun lemmas",
"Mapudungun pronouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Unified Mapudungun spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(interrogative) how"
],
"tags": [
"interrogative"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "·chum",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mutated verb",
"head": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "·chum"
},
"expansion": "·chum",
"name": "sga-mutverb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lenited forms",
"Old Irish mutated verbs",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "·cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Lenited form of ·cum."
],
"links": [
[
"·cum",
"cum#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"lenition"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumaŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "umang"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano umang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tiy",
"2": "kumang"
},
"expansion": "Tiruray kumang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mh",
"2": "om̧"
},
"expansion": "Marshallese om̧",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Palauan *qumaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qumaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qumaŋ. Cognate with Cebuano umang, Tiruray kumang, Marshallese om̧.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pau",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Palauan",
"lang_code": "pau",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Palauan entries with incorrect language header",
"Palauan lemmas",
"Palauan nouns",
"Palauan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Palauan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"
],
"glosses": [
"hermit crab"
],
"links": [
[
"hermit crab",
"hermit crab"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔum/"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "+ genitive",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "prepositions governing the genitive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gen"
},
"expansion": "chum (+ genitive)",
"name": "gd-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chun"
],
"links": [
[
"chun",
"chun#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
"Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the genitive",
"Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chum",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past indicative of cum"
],
"links": [
[
"cum",
"cum#Scottish_Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "chiếc",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𡓯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱗲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "坫",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "炶",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡑓",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓"
},
"expansion": "chum • (𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓",
"cls": "cái, chiếc"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái, chiếc) chum • (𡓯, , 𱗲, 坫, 炶, 𡑓)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by chiếc",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Containers"
],
"glosses": [
"large jar"
],
"links": [
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"jar",
"jar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕum˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[cʊm˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "chum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chum meaning in All languages combined (37.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": komnate vs. továrišč",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": továrišč vs. po",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: chum/Scottish Gaelic 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: ",
"path": [
"chum"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.