See birch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "American white birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch beer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch bolete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch bracket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch-leaved bellflower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch mouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch of Jamaica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch partridge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch tar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Birch Vale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch wine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch wood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchwood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "black birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "black birch tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canoe birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cherry birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "downy birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dwarf birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flame birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Japanese cherry birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Much Birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "northern birch mouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oil of birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paper birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "red birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "river birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "silver birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "water birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "weeping birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "white birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellow birch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "birch (countable and uncountable, plural birches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "31 18 15 9 14 13",
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[
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[
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[
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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{
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"_dis": "25 21 19 2 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Taos translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 22 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tofa translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Võro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 19 4 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 18 4 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 21 3 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-S0mUkT2f",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "acʼaacʼla",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "аҵааҵла"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tatni",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "タッニ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekër"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baloshe"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekën"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "batūlā",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بَتُولَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abetullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kečʻi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "կեչի"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pilpet"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "misteacãn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qayın",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ҡайын"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "gal",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გალ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjaróza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бяро́за"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brezá",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза́"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beç"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "daq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "дакх"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàshù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺樹 /桦树"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huà",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺 /桦"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺木 /桦木"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "vyḷgiḷ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "выԓгиԓ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"collective"
],
"word": "besow"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "besowen"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biolu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aqqayın"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "акъкъайын"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bříza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dta",
"lang": "Daur",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "caalbaang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "katıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "катыӈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "berk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "betulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kask"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "cālʙan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ча̄лбан"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "çalban",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "чалбан"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouleau"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bidueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bídalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bido"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biduído"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arq̇i",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "არყი"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Birke"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "simýda",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "σημύδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "orpik"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aat'oo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shaddár",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁדָּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "livné",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לִבְנֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyír"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birkitré"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urgiiḷiq"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betulla"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"alt": "カバノキ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kabanoki",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺の木"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaba",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "pχɛxʷujej",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пхъэхуей"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xusm",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хусм"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қайың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "усь"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "xazıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хазың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "khw",
"lang": "Khowar",
"roman": "buɫí",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "بوُڑی"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jajang-namu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "자작나무"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakdal-lamu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "박달나무"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "maqar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "макъар"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "kʼaˤlaħi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кӏялахӏи"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "marq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "мархъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bārzs"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bērzs"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "xçeca",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ხჩეჯა"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "verχ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "верх"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beržas"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "Bierk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "breza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šajilan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡧᠠᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "billey-beih"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "č̣q̇eria",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჭყერია"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "buliš cximuri",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ბულიშ ცხიმური"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "gvališi buli",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გვალიში ბული"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mjg-mgl",
"lang": "Mongghul",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "jariai xjuusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус ᠬᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus mod",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус мод ᠬᠤᠰᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piagdān",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пиагда̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kʼishchííʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "naʼazhǫǫsh"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "niv",
"lang": "Nivkh",
"roman": "hivs",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӿивс"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "jaaŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "йааң"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "beç"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedol"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "wiigwaas"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oka",
"lang": "Okanagan",
"sense": "tree",
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},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "zlw-ocs",
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"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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{
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"sense": "tree",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
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"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
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"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "bierċe"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "bærz",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "бӕрз"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "huş",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "هوش"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak ağac",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "آق آغاج"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "توس"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğân",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "غان"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Boakj"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breză"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzoza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidoeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mesteacăn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badugn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhūrja",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूर्ज"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "k̂azıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қазың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "zlw-slv",
"lang": "Slovincian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzôza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qaalbang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "saalbang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjaza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brěza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "kayïŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайыҥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "squ",
"lang": "Squamish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷéłiʔn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "berze"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "žäqûra",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჟა̈ჴუ̂რა"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mbetula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tų́łęną"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qayen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "каен"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bo",
"english": "stag pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "སྟག་པ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kim",
"lang": "Tofa",
"roman": "qadyň",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӄадыӈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş ağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "xadıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хадың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "beréza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бере́за"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qëyin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "قېيىن"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qayin"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brèdoła"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "bạch dương class cây"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vro",
"lang": "Võro",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bedwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusun",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusum",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᡏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qatıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хатыҥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bereze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בערעזע"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "beryoze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בעריאָזע"
}
]
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{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nivkh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 22 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 21 1 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 22 19 2 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Oroqen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 19 3 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 22 3 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polabian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 20 4 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 23 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 21 3 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Shor translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 21 3 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovincian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Squamish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sudovian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Svan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 2 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Taos translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 22 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tofa translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 20 19 3 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Võro translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 19 4 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 18 4 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 19 21 3 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-PwRhZuNf",
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makepeace"
},
{
"word": "switch"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vergo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vitsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "badine"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baguette"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verge"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ris"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stokk"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rózga"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rózga",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́зга"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prut",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прут"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş sopası"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş kırbacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rízka",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "рі́зка"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozýna",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лози́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 15 75 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozá",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лоза́"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A birch-bark canoe."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-5utrPVLK",
"links": [
[
"canoe",
"canoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 7 7 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "tuohikanootti"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 7 7 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kayığı"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 7 7 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kanosu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "樺木 /桦木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "ubao wa mbetula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "huş"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bircher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unbirched"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birch (third-person singular simple present birches, present participle birching, simple past and past participle birched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 27 22 1 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 20 3 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 20 1 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 20 2 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 25 22 1 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ainu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 19 3 17 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 20 21 3 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-verb-2spI5KzP",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "vergi"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "verger"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ rozgami",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "сечь розгами"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidšmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відшмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výšmahaty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ви́шмагати"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pošmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пошмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "našmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нашмага́ти"
}
]
},
{
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{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, M. M. Read, “The Midnight Feast”, in The Boy's Own Annual, volume 25, page 63:",
"text": "That the morrow would see us arraigned 'fore the Head\n And probably birched with a willow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Charles J. Esdaile, Outpost of Empire: The Napoleonic Occupation of Andalucia, 1810–1812, page 319:",
"text": "[…] and was tied to a tree and soundly birched with a bundle of furze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Hugh Thomas, Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico, page 292:",
"text": "The Mexica were always washing, in water obtained through the aqueduct, or in the lake, and would often go to the popular baths in the numerous stone steam houses (where birching, with grasses, or massage was also available).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-verb-dq8n8AF4",
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "vergado"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 71",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
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"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰerHǵós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
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"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
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"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
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"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
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"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bats translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Chukchi translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
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"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
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"Terms with Dolgan translations",
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"Terms with Even translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
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"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
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"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
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"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabardian translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Ket translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Khowar translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kumyk translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lak translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Laz translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Mongghul translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
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"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nivkh translations",
"Terms with Northern Yukaghir translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Okanagan translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Oroqen translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shor translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Slovincian translations",
"Terms with Solon translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Squamish translations",
"Terms with Sudovian translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tofa translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Võro translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Birch family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "American white birch"
},
{
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"word": "birch beer"
},
{
"word": "birch bolete"
},
{
"word": "birch bracket"
},
{
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"word": "birch-leaved bellflower"
},
{
"word": "birchlike"
},
{
"word": "birch mouse"
},
{
"word": "birch of Jamaica"
},
{
"word": "birch partridge"
},
{
"word": "birch sap"
},
{
"word": "birch tar"
},
{
"word": "birch tree"
},
{
"word": "Birch Vale"
},
{
"word": "birch wine"
},
{
"word": "birch wood"
},
{
"word": "birchwood"
},
{
"word": "birchy"
},
{
"word": "black birch"
},
{
"word": "black birch tree"
},
{
"word": "canoe birch"
},
{
"word": "cherry birch"
},
{
"word": "downy birch"
},
{
"word": "dwarf birch"
},
{
"word": "flame birch"
},
{
"word": "Japanese cherry birch"
},
{
"word": "Much Birch"
},
{
"word": "northern birch mouse"
},
{
"word": "oil of birch"
},
{
"word": "paper birch"
},
{
"word": "red birch"
},
{
"word": "river birch"
},
{
"word": "silver birch"
},
{
"word": "sweet birch"
},
{
"word": "water birch"
},
{
"word": "weeping birch"
},
{
"word": "white birch"
},
{
"word": "yellow birch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "birch (countable and uncountable, plural birches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any of various trees of the genus Betula, native to countries in the Northern Hemisphere."
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"Betula",
"Betula#Translingual"
],
[
"Northern Hemisphere",
"Northern Hemisphere"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makepeace"
},
{
"word": "switch"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A birch-bark canoe."
],
"links": [
[
"canoe",
"canoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "acʼaacʼla",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "аҵааҵла"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tatni",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "タッニ"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekër"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baloshe"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekën"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "batūlā",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بَتُولَا"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abetullo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kečʻi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "կեչի"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pilpet"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "misteacãn"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qayın",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ҡайын"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urki"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "gal",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გალ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjaróza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бяро́за"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brezá",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beç"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "daq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "дакх"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàshù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺樹 /桦树"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huà",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺 /桦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺木 /桦木"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "vyḷgiḷ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "выԓгиԓ"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"collective"
],
"word": "besow"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "besowen"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biolu"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violu"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aqqayın"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "акъкъайын"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bříza"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "dta",
"lang": "Daur",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "caalbaang"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "katıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "катыӈ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "berk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "betulo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kask"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "cālʙan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ча̄лбан"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "çalban",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "чалбан"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouleau"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bidueiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bídalo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedulo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biduído"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arq̇i",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "არყი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Birke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "simýda",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "σημύδα"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "orpik"
},
{
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aat'oo"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shaddár",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁדָּר"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "livné",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לִבְנֶה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyír"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birkitré"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urgiiḷiq"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betulla"
},
{
"alt": "カバノキ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kabanoki",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺の木"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaba",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "pχɛxʷujej",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пхъэхуей"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xusm",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хусм"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қайың"
},
{
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "усь"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "xazıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хазың"
},
{
"code": "khw",
"lang": "Khowar",
"roman": "buɫí",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "بوُڑی"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jajang-namu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "자작나무"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakdal-lamu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "박달나무"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "maqar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "макъар"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайың"
},
{
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "kʼaˤlaħi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кӏялахӏи"
},
{
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "marq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "мархъ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bārzs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bērzs"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "xçeca",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ხჩეჯა"
},
{
"code": "lez",
"lang": "Lezgi",
"roman": "verχ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "верх"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beržas"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "Bierk"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "breza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šajilan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡧᠠᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "billey-beih"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "č̣q̇eria",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჭყერია"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "buliš cximuri",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ბულიშ ცხიმური"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "gvališi buli",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გვალიში ბული"
},
{
"code": "mjg-mgl",
"lang": "Mongghul",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "jariai xjuusi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус ᠬᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus mod",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус мод ᠬᠤᠰᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piagdān",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пиагда̄н"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kʼishchííʼ"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "naʼazhǫǫsh"
},
{
"code": "niv",
"lang": "Nivkh",
"roman": "hivs",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӿивс"
},
{
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "jaaŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "йааң"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "beç"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedol"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "wiigwaas"
},
{
"code": "oka",
"lang": "Okanagan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷəqʷłín'"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"code": "zlw-ocs",
"lang": "Old Czech",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "břieza"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "bereza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "береза"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bierċe"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "bærz",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "бӕрз"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "huş",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "هوش"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak ağac",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "آق آغاج"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "توس"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğân",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "غان"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Boakj"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breză"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzoza"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidoeiro"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mesteacăn"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badugn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhūrja",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूर्ज"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "k̂azıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қазың"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "zlw-slv",
"lang": "Slovincian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzôza"
},
{
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qaalbang"
},
{
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "saalbang"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjaza"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brěza"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "kayïŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайыҥ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "squ",
"lang": "Squamish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷéłiʔn"
},
{
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "berze"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "žäqûra",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჟა̈ჴუ̂რა"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mbetula"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tų́łęną"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qayen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "каен"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "stag pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "སྟག་པ"
},
{
"code": "kim",
"lang": "Tofa",
"roman": "qadyň",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӄадыӈ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş ağacı"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "xadıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хадың"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "beréza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бере́за"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qëyin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "قېيىن"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qayin"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brèdoła"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "bạch dương class cây"
},
{
"code": "vro",
"lang": "Võro",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bedwen"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusun",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᠨ"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusum",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᡏ"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qatıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хатыҥ"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bereze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בערעזע"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "beryoze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בעריאָזע"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "樺木 /桦木"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "ubao wa mbetula"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vergo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vitsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "badine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baguette"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verge"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ris"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stokk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rózga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rózga",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́зга"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prut",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прут"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş sopası"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş kırbacı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rízka",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "рі́зка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozýna",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лози́на"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozá",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лоза́"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "tuohikanootti"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kayığı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kanosu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰerHǵós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"Terms with Ainu translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bats translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Chukchi translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Daur translations",
"Terms with Dolgan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Even translations",
"Terms with Evenki translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German Low German translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Gwich'in translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kabardian translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Ket translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Khowar translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kumyk translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lak translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Laz translations",
"Terms with Lezgi translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Mingrelian translations",
"Terms with Mongghul translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nanai translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Nivkh translations",
"Terms with Northern Yukaghir translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ojibwe translations",
"Terms with Okanagan translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old Czech translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Oroqen translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polabian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shor translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Slovincian translations",
"Terms with Solon translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Squamish translations",
"Terms with Sudovian translations",
"Terms with Svan translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tofa translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Võro translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Written Oirat translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Birch family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bircher"
},
{
"word": "unbirched"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birch (third-person singular simple present birches, present participle birching, simple past and past participle birched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, M. M. Read, “The Midnight Feast”, in The Boy's Own Annual, volume 25, page 63:",
"text": "That the morrow would see us arraigned 'fore the Head\n And probably birched with a willow",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Charles J. Esdaile, Outpost of Empire: The Napoleonic Occupation of Andalucia, 1810–1812, page 319:",
"text": "[…] and was tied to a tree and soundly birched with a bundle of furze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Hugh Thomas, Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico, page 292:",
"text": "The Mexica were always washing, in water obtained through the aqueduct, or in the lake, and would often go to the popular baths in the numerous stone steam houses (where birching, with grasses, or massage was also available).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"links": [
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"twig",
"twig"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "vergi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "verger"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ rozgami",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "сечь розгами"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidšmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відшмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výšmahaty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ви́шмагати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pošmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пошмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "našmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нашмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "vergado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for birch meaning in English (41.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": qusu vs. xus",
"path": [
"birch"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "birch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": qusu modu vs. xus mod",
"path": [
"birch"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "birch",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.