See birch on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for birch meaning in All languages combined (37.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "American white birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch beer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch bolete"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch bracket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch mouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch of Jamaica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch partridge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch sap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch tar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Birch Vale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch wine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birch wood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchwood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "birchy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "black birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "black birch tree"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canoe birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cherry birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "downy birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dwarf birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flame birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Japanese cherry birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Much Birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "northern birch mouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oil of birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paper birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "red birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "river birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "silver birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweet birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "water birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "weeping birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "white birch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "yellow birch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerHǵós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "birk"
},
"expansion": "birk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bierċe"
},
"expansion": "bierċe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berkō"
},
"expansion": "*berkō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "birch (countable and uncountable, plural birches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 21 17 2 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 16 12 1 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 11 9 1 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 13 11 1 9 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 15 9 11 9 10",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Birch family plants",
"orig": "en:Birch family plants",
"parents": [
"Fagales order plants",
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various trees of the genus Betula, native to countries in the Northern Hemisphere."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-S5vIJkaR",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"Betula",
"Betula#Translingual"
],
[
"Northern Hemisphere",
"Northern Hemisphere"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-S0mUkT2f",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "acʼaacʼla",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "аҵааҵла"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tatni",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "タッニ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekër"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baloshe"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekën"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "batūlā",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بَتُولَا"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abetullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kečʿi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "կեչի"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pilpet"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "misteacãn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qayın",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ҡайын"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "gal",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გალ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjaróza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бяро́за"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brezá",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза́"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beç"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "daq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "дакх"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺樹"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàshù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦树"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huà",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺木"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦木"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "vyḷgiḷ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "выԓгиԓ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biolu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aqqayın"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "акъкъайын"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bříza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dta",
"lang": "Daur",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "caalbaang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "katıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "катыӈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "berk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "betulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kask"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "cālʙan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ча̄лбан"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "çalban",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "чалбан"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouleau"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bidueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bídalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bido"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biduído"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arq̇i",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "არყი"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Birke"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "simýda",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "σημύδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "orpik"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aat'oo"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shaddár",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁדָּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "livné",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לִבְנֶה"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyír"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birkitré"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urgiiḷiq"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betulla"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"alt": "カバノキ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kabanoki",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺の木"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaba",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "pχɛxʷujej",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пхъэхуей"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xusm",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хусм"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қайың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "усь"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "xazıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хазың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jajang-namu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "자작나무"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakdal-lamu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "박달나무"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "maqar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "макъар"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "kʼaˤlaħi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кӏялахӏи"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "marq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "мархъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bārzs"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bērzs"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "xçeca",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ხჩეჯა"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beržas"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "breza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šajilan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡧᠠᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "billey-beih"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "č̣q̇eria",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჭყერია"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "buliš cximuri",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ბულიშ ცხიმური"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "gvališi buli",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გვალიში ბული"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xgn-mgl",
"lang": "Mongghul",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "jariai xjuusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус ᠬᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus mod",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус мод ᠬᠤᠰᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piagdān",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пиагда̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kʼishchííʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "naʼazhǫǫsh"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "niv",
"lang": "Nivkh",
"roman": "hivs",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӿивс"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "jaaŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "йааң"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "beç"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "wiigwaas"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "oka",
"lang": "Okanagan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷəqʷłín'"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "bereza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "береза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bierċe"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "bærz",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "бӕрз"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "huş",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "هوش"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak ağac",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "آق آغاج"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "توس"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğân",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "غان"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Boakj"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breză"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzoza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidoeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mesteacăn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badugn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhūrja",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूर्ज"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "k̂azıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қазың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "zlw-slv",
"lang": "Slovincian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzôza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qaalbang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "saalbang"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjaza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brěza"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "kayïŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайыҥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "squ",
"lang": "Squamish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷéłiʔn"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "berze"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "žäqûra",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჟა̈ჴუ̂რა"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mbetula"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tų́łęną"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qayen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "каен"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "bo",
"english": "stag pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "སྟག་པ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "kim",
"lang": "Tofa",
"roman": "qadyň",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӄадыӈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş ağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "xadıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хадың"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "beréza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бере́за"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qëyin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "قېيىن"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qayin"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brèdoła"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "bạch dương class cây"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "vro",
"lang": "Võro",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bedwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusun",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusum",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᡏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qatıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хатыҥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bereze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בערעזע"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 57 0 21",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "beryoze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בעריאָזע"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-PwRhZuNf",
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makepeace"
},
{
"word": "switch"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vergo"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vitsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "badine"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baguette"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verge"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ris"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stokk"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rózga"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rózga",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́зга"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prut",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прут"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş sopası"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş kırbacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rízka",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "рі́зка"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozýna",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лози́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 82 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozá",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лоза́"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A birch-bark canoe."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-noun-5utrPVLK",
"links": [
[
"canoe",
"canoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 6 6 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "tuohikanootti"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 6 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kayığı"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 6 85",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kanosu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "樺木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "桦木"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "ubao wa mbetula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "björk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 48 52 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "huş"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bircher"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerHǵós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "birk"
},
"expansion": "birk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bierċe"
},
"expansion": "bierċe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berkō"
},
"expansion": "*berkō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birch (third-person singular simple present birches, present participle birching, simple past and past participle birched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-verb-2spI5KzP",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "vergi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "verger"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ rozgami",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "сечь розгами"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidšmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відшмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výšmahaty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ви́шмагати"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pošmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пошмага́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "našmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нашмага́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, M. M. Read, “The Midnight Feast”, in The Boy's Own Annual, volume 25, page 63",
"text": "That the morrow would see us arraigned 'fore the Head\nAnd probably birched with a willow",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Charles J. Esdaile, Outpost of Empire: The Napoleonic Occupation of Andalucia, 1810–1812, page 319",
"text": "[…] and was tied to a tree and soundly birched with a bundle of furze",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Hugh Thomas, Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico, page 292",
"text": "The Mexica were always washing, in water obtained through the aqueduct, or in the lake, and would often go to the popular baths in the numerous stone steam houses (where birching, with grasses, or massage was also available).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"id": "en-birch-en-verb-dq8n8AF4",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "28 72",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "vergado"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 72",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 72",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"_dis1": "28 72",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "birch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "birche"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of birche"
],
"id": "en-birch-enm-noun-YgafhxT-",
"links": [
[
"birche",
"birche#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰerHǵós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ/1 syllable",
"en:Birch family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "American white birch"
},
{
"word": "birchbark"
},
{
"word": "birch beer"
},
{
"word": "birch bolete"
},
{
"word": "birch bracket"
},
{
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"word": "birchlike"
},
{
"word": "birch mouse"
},
{
"word": "birch of Jamaica"
},
{
"word": "birch partridge"
},
{
"word": "birch sap"
},
{
"word": "birch tar"
},
{
"word": "birch tree"
},
{
"word": "Birch Vale"
},
{
"word": "birch wine"
},
{
"word": "birch wood"
},
{
"word": "birchwood"
},
{
"word": "birchy"
},
{
"word": "black birch"
},
{
"word": "black birch tree"
},
{
"word": "canoe birch"
},
{
"word": "cherry birch"
},
{
"word": "downy birch"
},
{
"word": "dwarf birch"
},
{
"word": "flame birch"
},
{
"word": "Japanese cherry birch"
},
{
"word": "Much Birch"
},
{
"word": "northern birch mouse"
},
{
"word": "oil of birch"
},
{
"word": "paper birch"
},
{
"word": "red birch"
},
{
"word": "river birch"
},
{
"word": "silver birch"
},
{
"word": "sweet birch"
},
{
"word": "water birch"
},
{
"word": "weeping birch"
},
{
"word": "white birch"
},
{
"word": "yellow birch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerHǵós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "birk"
},
"expansion": "birk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bierċe"
},
"expansion": "bierċe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berkō"
},
"expansion": "*berkō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "birch (countable and uncountable, plural birches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Any of various trees of the genus Betula, native to countries in the Northern Hemisphere."
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"Betula",
"Betula#Translingual"
],
[
"Northern Hemisphere",
"Northern Hemisphere"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "makepeace"
},
{
"word": "switch"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A birch-bark canoe."
],
"links": [
[
"canoe",
"canoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "acʼaacʼla",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "аҵааҵла"
},
{
"code": "ain",
"lang": "Ainu",
"roman": "tatni",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "タッニ"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekër"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baloshe"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mështekën"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "batūlā",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بَتُولَا"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abetullo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kečʿi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "կեչի"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pilpet"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "misteacãn"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qayın",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ҡайын"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urki"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "gal",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გალ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bjaróza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бяро́за"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brezá",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beç"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "daq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "дакх"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺樹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàshù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦树"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huà",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺木"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "桦木"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "vyḷgiḷ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "выԓгиԓ"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biolu"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violu"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aqqayın"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "акъкъайын"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bříza"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "dta",
"lang": "Daur",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "caalbaang"
},
{
"code": "dlg",
"lang": "Dolgan",
"roman": "katıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "катыӈ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "berk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "betulo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kask"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"code": "eve",
"lang": "Even",
"roman": "cālʙan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ча̄лбан"
},
{
"code": "evn",
"lang": "Evenki",
"roman": "çalban",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "чалбан"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouleau"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bidueiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bídalo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bido"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bedulo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biduído"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "arq̇i",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "არყი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Birke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "simýda",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "σημύδα"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "orpik"
},
{
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "aat'oo"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shaddár",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שַׁדָּר"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "livné",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לִבְנֶה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyír"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birkitré"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "urgiiḷiq"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betulla"
},
{
"alt": "カバノキ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kabanoki",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺の木"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaba",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "樺"
},
{
"code": "kbd",
"lang": "Kabardian",
"roman": "pχɛxʷujej",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пхъэхуей"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "xusm",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хусм"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qaiyñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қайың"
},
{
"code": "ket",
"lang": "Ket",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "усь"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "xazıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хазың"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jajang-namu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "자작나무"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bakdal-lamu",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "박달나무"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "maqar",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "макъар"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kayıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайың"
},
{
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "kʼaˤlaħi",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кӏялахӏи"
},
{
"code": "lbe",
"lang": "Lak",
"roman": "marq",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "мархъ"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bārzs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "betula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bērzs"
},
{
"code": "lzz",
"lang": "Laz",
"roman": "xçeca",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ხჩეჯა"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beržas"
},
{
"code": "nds-de",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Bark"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "breza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "šajilan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡧᠠᠵᡳᠯᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "billey-beih"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "č̣q̇eria",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჭყერია"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "buliš cximuri",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ბულიშ ცხიმური"
},
{
"code": "xmf",
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"roman": "gvališi buli",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "გვალიში ბული"
},
{
"code": "xgn-mgl",
"lang": "Mongghul",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "jariai xjuusi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус ᠬᠤᠰᠤ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xus mod",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хус мод ᠬᠤᠰᠤ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ"
},
{
"code": "gld",
"lang": "Nanai",
"roman": "piagdān",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "пиагда̄н"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kʼishchííʼ"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "naʼazhǫǫsh"
},
{
"code": "niv",
"lang": "Nivkh",
"roman": "hivs",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӿивс"
},
{
"code": "ykg",
"lang": "Northern Yukaghir",
"roman": "jaaŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "йааң"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "beç"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "wiigwaas"
},
{
"code": "oka",
"lang": "Okanagan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷəqʷłín'"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Church Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "bereza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "береза"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "brěza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "брѣза"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bierċe"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"code": "orh",
"lang": "Oroqen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tʃa꞉lban"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "bærz",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "бӕрз"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "huş",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "هوش"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ak ağac",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "آق آغاج"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tus",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "توس"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğân",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "غان"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Boakj"
},
{
"code": "pox",
"lang": "Polabian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breză"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzoza"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vidoeiro"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mesteacăn"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badugn"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhūrja",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "भूर्ज"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "beith"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "бреза"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "k̂azıŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "қазың"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "breza"
},
{
"code": "zlw-slv",
"lang": "Slovincian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brzôza"
},
{
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qaalbang"
},
{
"code": "tuw-sol",
"lang": "Solon",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "saalbang"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brjaza"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brěza"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "kayïŋ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "кайыҥ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "squ",
"lang": "Squamish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qʷéłiʔn"
},
{
"code": "xsv",
"lang": "Sudovian",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "berze"
},
{
"code": "sva",
"lang": "Svan",
"roman": "žäqûra",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ჟა̈ჴუ̂რა"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "mbetula"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "tų́łęną"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qayen",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "каен"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"english": "stag pa",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "སྟག་པ"
},
{
"code": "kim",
"lang": "Tofa",
"roman": "qadyň",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ӄадыӈ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "huş ağacı"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "xadıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хадың"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "beréza",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бере́за"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qëyin",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "قېيىن"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "qayin"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetian",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brèdoła"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "bạch dương class cây"
},
{
"code": "vro",
"lang": "Võro",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "kõiv"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bedwen"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusun",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᠨ"
},
{
"code": "xwo",
"lang": "Written Oirat",
"roman": "xusum",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "ᡍᡇᠰᡇᡏ"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qatıñ",
"sense": "tree",
"word": "хатыҥ"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bereze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בערעזע"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "beryoze",
"sense": "tree",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בעריאָזע"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "tozağacı"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "bedoll"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "樺木"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàmù",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "桦木"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "birk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "berk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "koivupuu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "nyírfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "birki"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjerk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bjørk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bétula"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berjóza",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "берёза"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "wood",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "ubao wa mbetula"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "björk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "abedul"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "wood",
"word": "huş"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vergo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "vitsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "koivuvitsa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "Koivuniemen herra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "badine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baguette"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verge"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ris"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stokk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rózga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rózga",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ро́зга"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prut",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прут"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş sopası"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "huş kırbacı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rízka",
"sense": "punishment device",
"word": "рі́зка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozýna",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лози́на"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lozá",
"sense": "punishment device",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "лоза́"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "tuohikanootti"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kayığı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "birch-bark canoe",
"word": "huş kanosu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *bʰerHǵós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Old East Slavic terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃ/1 syllable",
"en:Birch family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bircher"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerHǵós",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bʰerHǵós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "birche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English birche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "birk"
},
"expansion": "birk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "birċe"
},
"expansion": "Old English birċe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bierċe"
},
"expansion": "bierċe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*birkijā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *birkijā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*birkijǭ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHǵos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bjirk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bjirk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Birke"
},
"expansion": "German Birke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*berkō"
},
"expansion": "*berkō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "berk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch berk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "björk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish björk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian bjørk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भूर्ज",
"tr": "bhūrjá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "béržas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian béržas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bříza"
},
"expansion": "Czech bříza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "бӕрз"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian бӕрз (bærz)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "берёза"
},
"expansion": "Russian берёза (berjóza)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxinus",
"3": "",
"4": "ash tree, ash javelin"
},
"expansion": "Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bredh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bredh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *bʰerHǵós\nFrom Middle English birche, birk, from Old English birċe, bierċe, from Proto-West Germanic *birkijā, from Proto-Germanic *birkijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos.\nCognates\nCompare West Frisian bjirk, German Birke, variant of *berkō (compare Dutch berk, Swedish björk, Norwegian bjørk), Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá), Lithuanian béržas, Czech bříza, Ossetian бӕрз (bærz), Russian берёза (berjóza)), Latin fraxinus (“ash tree, ash javelin”), Albanian bredh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "birches",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "birching",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "birched",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "birch (third-person singular simple present birches, present participle birching, simple past and past participle birched)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902, M. M. Read, “The Midnight Feast”, in The Boy's Own Annual, volume 25, page 63",
"text": "That the morrow would see us arraigned 'fore the Head\nAnd probably birched with a willow",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Charles J. Esdaile, Outpost of Empire: The Napoleonic Occupation of Andalucia, 1810–1812, page 319",
"text": "[…] and was tied to a tree and soundly birched with a bundle of furze",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Hugh Thomas, Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico, page 292",
"text": "The Mexica were always washing, in water obtained through the aqueduct, or in the lake, and would often go to the popular baths in the numerous stone steam houses (where birching, with grasses, or massage was also available).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To punish as though one were using a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood."
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɜːtʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɝt͡ʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-birch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg/En-us-birch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-birch.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "bû(r)ch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "vergi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "verger"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sečʹ rozgami",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"word": "сечь розгами"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "šmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "шмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidšmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "відшмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výšmahaty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ви́шмагати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pošmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пошмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "našmaháty",
"sense": "to punish with a birch",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "нашмага́ти"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "vergado"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "piiskata"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "pērt"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to punish as if one were using a birch",
"word": "sukāt"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"birch"
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "birch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "birche"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of birche"
],
"links": [
[
"birche",
"birche#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "birch"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": qusu vs. xus",
"path": [
"birch"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "birch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": qusu modu vs. xus mod",
"path": [
"birch"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "birch",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.