See former in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for former meaning in English (23.1kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "current"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "subsequent"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former Soviet Union"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former times"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former USSR"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English former",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English former",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "forme",
"3": "",
"4": "first"
},
"expansion": "forme (“first”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "forma",
"4": "",
"5": "first"
},
"expansion": "Old English forma (“first”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prior"
},
"expansion": "prior",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "first"
},
"expansion": "first",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fore"
},
"expansion": "fore",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "before"
},
"expansion": "before",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "+"
},
"expansion": "former (comparative form only)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sequence"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "formerly"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "next"
},
{
"word": "subsequent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 29 12 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A former president",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the former East Germany",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World",
"text": "The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Previous."
],
"id": "en-former-en-adj-HzE3hV1P",
"links": [
[
"Previous",
"previous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"word": "sometime"
},
{
"word": "whilom"
},
{
"word": "wont-to-be"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"comparative-only"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سَابِق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bylý",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "былы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "býŭšy",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́ўшы"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "prakton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "প্রাক্তন"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bhutopurbo",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ভূতপূর্ব"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "purboton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "পূর্বতন"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínal",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ми́нал"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "previ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qián",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "gewezen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "fyrrverandi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inandeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "წინანდელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uc̣indeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "უწინდელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorherig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "alt"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρώην"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próteros",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρότερος"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "daan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előző"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "korábbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "egykori"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "hajdani"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anteriore"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "まえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mae",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼdət",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "អតីត"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeon-ui",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "전의"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pêşû",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پێشوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bertir",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "بەرتر"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prethoden",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "претходен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bekas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "o mua"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "førverande"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidlegare"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "pëxwânay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پخوانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâbeq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سابق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qadim",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "قدیم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "asbaq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "اسبق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bývšij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́вший"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"previous"
],
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "umwhile"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре́тходан"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "би̑вшӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "préthodan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "bȋvšī"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "prejšnji"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bivši"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antiguo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "före detta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "förra"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "pešina",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пешина"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mundari",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ముందరి"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "munupaṭi",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "మునుపటి"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gào",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "เก่า"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gɔ̀ɔn",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ก่อน"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "อดีต"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önce"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önceki"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "eski"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolýšnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "коли́шній"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "xưa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"english": "when modifying a social or political position",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "nguyên"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "latter"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 12 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The former is a good idea but the latter is not.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun."
],
"id": "en-former-en-adj-en:first_of_aforementioned_two_items",
"links": [
[
"First",
"first"
],
[
"the",
"the#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:first of aforementioned two items"
],
"tags": [
"comparative-only"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjéršy",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́ршы"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prǎv",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пръв"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánzhě",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "deze"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "eerstgenoemde"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "premier"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "celui-là"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ersterer"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erstere"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ersteres"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "terdahulu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "ぜんしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zensha",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"alt": "前者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonja",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "전자"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "førstnevnt"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "avvali",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "اولی"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "pierwszy (z dwóch)"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "primeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pt",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquele"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
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"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "prvi"
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{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primero"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "primera"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "aquello"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "aquella"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ก่อนหน้า"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "péršyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рший"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "trước"
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]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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],
"word": "former"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "opinion former"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pan former"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sixth-former"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "T-former"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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{
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"5": "",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English formere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
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"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, form + -er",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "formers",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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{
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"_dis": "24 29 12 15 20",
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],
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{
"text": "Dave was the former of the company."
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-vBrj-X29",
"links": [
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"form"
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[
"maker",
"maker"
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[
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"creator"
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[
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 29 12 15 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The brick arch was built using a wooden former."
}
],
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],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-k0iKuG4v",
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[
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[
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"gauge"
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[
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],
[
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"die"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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{
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],
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"text": "Fifth-former."
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{
"text": "Sixth-former."
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],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-bC6fA2xa",
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
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"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
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{
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (US)"
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],
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{
"antonyms": [
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
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"word": "former Soviet Union"
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{
"word": "former times"
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{
"word": "former USSR"
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{
"word": "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"expansion": "before",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.",
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{
"text": "the former East Germany",
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{
"ref": "2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World",
"text": "The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
"glosses": [
"Previous."
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"links": [
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"word": "erstwhile"
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{
"word": "sometime"
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{
"word": "whilom"
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{
"word": "wont-to-be"
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{
"word": "former"
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{
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"type": "example"
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{
"text": "Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.",
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],
"glosses": [
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"links": [
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[
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"senseid": [
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"tags": [
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
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"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
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"word": "fmr"
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"tags": [
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"word": "fmr."
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "antecedent"
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "previous"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "quondam"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sometime"
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{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
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{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سَابِق"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bylý",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "былы́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "býŭšy",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́ўшы"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "prakton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "প্রাক্তন"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bhutopurbo",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ভূতপূর্ব"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "purboton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "পূর্বতন"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínal",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ми́нал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "previ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qián",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "gewezen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "fyrrverandi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inandeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "წინანდელი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uc̣indeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "უწინდელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorherig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "alt"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρώην"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próteros",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρότερος"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "daan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előző"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "korábbi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "egykori"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "hajdani"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anteriore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"alt": "まえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mae",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼdət",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "អតីត"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeon-ui",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "전의"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pêşû",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پێشوو"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bertir",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "بەرتر"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prethoden",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "претходен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bekas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "o mua"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "førverande"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidlegare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "pëxwânay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پخوانی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâbeq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سابق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qadim",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "قدیم"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "asbaq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "اسبق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bývšij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́вший"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"previous"
],
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "umwhile"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре́тходан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "би̑вшӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "préthodan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "bȋvšī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "prejšnji"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bivši"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antiguo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "före detta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "förra"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "pešina",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пешина"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mundari",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ముందరి"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "munupaṭi",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "మునుపటి"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gào",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "เก่า"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gɔ̀ɔn",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ก่อน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "อดีต"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önce"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önceki"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "eski"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolýšnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "коли́шній"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "xưa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"english": "when modifying a social or political position",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "nguyên"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjéršy",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́ршы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prǎv",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пръв"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánzhě",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "deze"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "eerstgenoemde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "premier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "celui-là"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ersterer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erstere"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ersteres"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "terdahulu"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primo"
},
{
"alt": "ぜんしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zensha",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"alt": "前者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonja",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "전자"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "førstnevnt"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "avvali",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "اولی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "pierwszy (z dwóch)"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "primeiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquele"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pérvyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "prvi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "primera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "aquello"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "aquella"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ก่อนหน้า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "péršyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рший"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "trước"
}
],
"word": "former"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "opinion former"
},
{
"word": "pan former"
},
{
"word": "sixth-former"
},
{
"word": "T-former"
},
{
"word": "t-former"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "formere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English formere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "formere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English formere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "form",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, form + -er",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "formers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "former (plural formers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Dave was the former of the company."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"maker",
"maker"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
],
[
"founder",
"founder"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The brick arch was built using a wooden former."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"template",
"template"
],
[
"gauge",
"gauge"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fifth-former."
},
{
"text": "Sixth-former."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Britain, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"used in combinations"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-former.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "former"
}
{
"called_from": "XYZunsorted",
"msg": "former/English/noun: invalid tag 'used in combinations' not in valid_tags (or uppercase_tags): {\"categories\": [\"English 2-syllable words\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u0254\\u02d0(\\u0279)m\\u0259(\\u0279)\", \"Rhymes:English/\\u0254\\u02d0(\\u0279)m\\u0259(\\u0279)/2 syllables\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"opinion former\"}, {\"word\": \"pan former\"}, {\"word\": \"sixth-former\"}, {\"word\": \"T-former\"}, {\"word\": \"t-former\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"form\", \"3\": \"-er\", \"id2\": \"agent noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"By surface analysis, form + -er\", \"name\": \"surf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"formers\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"former (plural formers)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Dave was the former of the company.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"maker\", \"maker\"], [\"creator\", \"creator\"], [\"founder\", \"founder\"]]}, {\"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The brick arch was built using a wooden former.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"template\", \"template\"], [\"gauge\", \"gauge\"], [\"cut\", \"cut\"], [\"die\", \"die\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Fifth-former.\"}, {\"text\": \"Sixth-former.\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(chiefly Britain, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"tags\": [\"Britain\", \"used in combinations\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8f\\u0254\\u0279m\\u025a/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/\\u02c8f\\u0254\\u02d0m\\u0259/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u0254\\u02d0(\\u0279)m\\u0259(\\u0279)\"}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-former.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"word\": \"former\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "former",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.