See former in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "current"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "subsequent"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former Soviet Union"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former times"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former USSR"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English former",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English former",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "forma",
"4": "",
"5": "first"
},
"expansion": "Old English forma (“first”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "former (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sequence"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "formerly"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "next"
},
{
"word": "subsequent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A former president",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the former East Germany",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:",
"text": "The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Previous."
],
"id": "en-former-en-adj-HzE3hV1P",
"links": [
[
"Previous",
"previous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"word": "sometime"
},
{
"word": "whilom"
},
{
"word": "wont-to-be"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سَابِق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bylý",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "былы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "býŭšy",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́ўшы"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "prakton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "প্রাক্তন"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bhutopurbo",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ভূতপূর্ব"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "purboton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "পূর্বতন"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínal",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ми́нал"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "previ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qián",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "gewezen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "fyrrverandi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inandeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "წინანდელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uc̣indeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "უწინდელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorherig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "alt"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρώην"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próteros",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρότερος"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "daan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pūrvavartī",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "पूर्ववर्ती"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előző"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "korábbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "egykori"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "hajdani"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anteriore"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "まえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mae",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼdət",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "អតីត"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeon-ui",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "전의"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pêşû",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پێشوو"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bertir",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "بەرتر"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prethoden",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "претходен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bekas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "nenehe",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "neneme",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "o mua"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "førverande"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidlegare"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "pëxwânay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پخوانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâbeq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سابق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qadim",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "قدیم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "asbaq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "اسبق"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bývšij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́вший"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"previous"
],
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "umwhile"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре́тходан"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "би̑вшӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "préthodan"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "bȋvšī"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "prejšnji"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bivši"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antiguo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "före detta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forna"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "förra"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "pešina",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пешина"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mundari",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ముందరి"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "munupaṭi",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "మునుపటి"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gào",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "เก่า"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gɔ̀ɔn",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ก่อน"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "อดีต"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önce"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önceki"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "eski"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolýšnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "коли́шній"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "xưa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"english": "when modifying a social or political position",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "nguyên"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cựu"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "latter"
}
],
"categories": [
{
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"_dis": "42 58",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Higaonon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
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"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
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"name": "Terms with Pashto translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
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"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 69",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "35 65",
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{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
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"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "35 65",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 64",
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"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
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],
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{
"text": "The former is a good idea but the latter is not.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun."
],
"id": "en-former-en-adj-en:first_of_aforementioned_two_items",
"links": [
[
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"first"
],
[
"the",
"the#English"
]
],
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"en:first of aforementioned two items"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjéršy",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́ршы"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prǎv",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пръв"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánzhě",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "deze"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "eerstgenoemde"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "premier"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "celui-là"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ersterer"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erstere"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ersteres"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pūrvavartī",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "पूर्ववर्ती"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "terdahulu"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primo"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"alt": "ぜんしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zensha",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"alt": "前者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonja",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "전자"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "førstnevnt"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "avvali",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "اولی"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "pierwszy (z dwóch)"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "primeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquele"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pérvyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "prvi"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primero"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "primera"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquello"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aquella"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aquel"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ก่อนหน้า"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "péršyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рший"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "trước"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-former.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fmr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "fmr."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "antecedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "earlier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "foregone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "old"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "olden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "past"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "preceding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "previous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "prior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sometime"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "used-to-be"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "whilom"
}
],
"word": "former"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "opinion former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pan former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sixth-former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "T-former"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "t-former"
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],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "formere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English formere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "formere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English formere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "form",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, form + -er",
"name": "surf"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "formers",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Dave was the former of the company.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder."
],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-vBrj-X29",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"maker",
"maker"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
],
[
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"founder"
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The brick arch was built using a wooden former.",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die."
],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-k0iKuG4v",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"template",
"template"
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[
"gauge",
"gauge"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"text": "Fifth-former.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sixth-former.",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"id": "en-former-en-noun-bC6fA2xa",
"links": [
[
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"form"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"used in combinations"
],
"tags": [
"British"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
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{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Higaonon translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Pashto translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "former Soviet Union"
},
{
"word": "former times"
},
{
"word": "former USSR"
},
{
"word": "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English former",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "former"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English former",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "forma",
"4": "",
"5": "first"
},
"expansion": "Old English forma (“first”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "former (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"holonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sequence"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "formerly"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "next"
},
{
"word": "subsequent"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A former president",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "the former East Germany",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:",
"text": "The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Previous."
],
"links": [
[
"Previous",
"previous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"word": "sometime"
},
{
"word": "whilom"
},
{
"word": "wont-to-be"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "latter"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The former is a good idea but the latter is not.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"First",
"first"
],
[
"the",
"the#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:first of aforementioned two items"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-former.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fmr"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "fmr."
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "antecedent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "earlier"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "foregone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "former"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "old"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "olden"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "past"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "preceding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "previous"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "prior"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "sometime"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "used-to-be"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:former",
"word": "whilom"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سَابِق"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bylý",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "былы́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "býŭšy",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́ўшы"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "prakton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "প্রাক্তন"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bhutopurbo",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ভূতপূর্ব"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "purboton",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "পূর্বতন"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mínal",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ми́нал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "previ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qián",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "gewezen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "fyrrverandi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "edellinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inandeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "წინანდელი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "uc̣indeli",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "უწინდელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vorherig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "alt"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρώην"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próteros",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "πρότερος"
},
{
"code": "mba",
"lang": "Higaonon",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "daan"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pūrvavartī",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "पूर्ववर्ती"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előző"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "korábbi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "egykori"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "hajdani"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anteriore"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex"
},
{
"alt": "まえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mae",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "前"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼdət",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "អតីត"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeon-ui",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "전의"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "pêşû",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پێشوو"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "bertir",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "بەرتر"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prethoden",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "претходен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bivš",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бивш"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bekas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "mantan"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "nenehe",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "neneme",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "o mua"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forhenværende"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidligere"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "førverande"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "tidlegare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "pëxwânay",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "پخوانی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâbeq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "سابق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qadim",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "قدیم"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "asbaq",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "اسبق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ex-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bývšij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "бы́вший"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"previous"
],
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "umwhile"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "пре́тходан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "би̑вшӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "préthodan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "previous",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "bȋvšī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "prejšnji"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "bivši"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "antiguo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "före detta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "forna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "förra"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "pešina",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "пешина"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "mundari",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ముందరి"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "munupaṭi",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "మునుపటి"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gào",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "เก่า"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "gɔ̀ɔn",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "ก่อน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "à-dìit",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "อดีต"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önce"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "önceki"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "eski"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolýšnij",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "коли́шній"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "xưa"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"english": "when modifying a social or political position",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "nguyên"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "previous",
"word": "cựu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjéršy",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́ршы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predíšen",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "преди́шен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prǎv",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пръв"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánzhě",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "deze"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "eerstgenoemde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ensimmäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "premier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "celui-là"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ersterer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "erstere"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ersteres"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "pūrvavartī",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "पूर्ववर्ती"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "előbbi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "terdahulu"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primo"
},
{
"alt": "ぜんしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zensha",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "前者"
},
{
"alt": "前者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeonja",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "전자"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "førstnevnt"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "avvali",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "اولی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "pierwszy (z dwóch)"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "primeiro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquele"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pérvyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рвый"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "prvi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "primero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "primera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aquello"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aquella"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aquel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ก่อนหน้า"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "ilk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "péršyj",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "пе́рший"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "first of aforementioned two items",
"word": "trước"
}
],
"word": "former"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "opinion former"
},
{
"word": "pan former"
},
{
"word": "sixth-former"
},
{
"word": "T-former"
},
{
"word": "t-former"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "formere",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English formere",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "formere"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English formere",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "form",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, form + -er",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "formers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "former (plural formers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Dave was the former of the company.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"maker",
"maker"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
],
[
"founder",
"founder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The brick arch was built using a wooden former.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"template",
"template"
],
[
"gauge",
"gauge"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Fifth-former.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sixth-former.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"used in combinations"
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔːmə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-former.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "former"
}
Download raw JSONL data for former meaning in English (23.0kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "former/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"current\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"subsequent\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Higaonon translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"former Soviet Union\"}, {\"word\": \"former times\"}, {\"word\": \"former USSR\"}, {\"word\": \"former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"former\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English former\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"former\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Middle English former\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"forma\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"first\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English forma (“first”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*frumô\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *frumô\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"former (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"sequence\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ex-\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"formerly\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"next\"}, {\"word\": \"subsequent\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A former president\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"the former East Germany\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:\", \"text\": \"The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Previous.\"], \"links\": [[\"Previous\", \"previous\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"erstwhile\"}, {\"word\": \"sometime\"}, {\"word\": \"whilom\"}, {\"word\": \"wont-to-be\"}, {\"word\": \"former\"}], \"tags\": [\"not-comparable\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"latter\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The former is a good idea but the latter is not.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun.\"], \"links\": [[\"First\", \"first\"], [\"the\", \"the#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:first of aforementioned two items\"], \"tags\": [\"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔɹmɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔːmə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-former.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"fmr\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"fmr.\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"antecedent\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"earlier\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"erstwhile\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"ex\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"foregone\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"former\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"old\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"olden\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"past\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"preceding\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"precedent\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"previous\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"prior\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"quondam\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"sometime\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"used-to-be\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"whilom\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sābiq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"سَابِق\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"bylý\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"былы́\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"býŭšy\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бы́ўшы\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śabek\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"সাবেক\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"prakton\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"প্রাক্তন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"bhutopurbo\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ভূতপূর্ব\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"purboton\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"পূর্বতন\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bivš\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бивш\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"mínal\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ми́нал\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predíšen\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"преди́шен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"previ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qián\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bývalý\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidligere\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forhenværende\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"voormalig\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"gewezen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"antaŭa\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"fyrrverandi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"edeltävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"edellinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"entinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"précédent\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ancien\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣inandeli\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"წინანდელი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"uc̣indeli\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"უწინდელი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ehemalig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vorig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"früher\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vorherig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vormalig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"alt\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"próin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"πρώην\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"próteros\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"πρότερος\"}, {\"code\": \"mba\", \"lang\": \"Higaonon\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"daan\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"pūrvavartī\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"पूर्ववर्ती\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"előző\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"előbbi\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"korábbi\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"egykori\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"hajdani\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"mantan\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"precedente\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anteriore\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ex\"}, {\"alt\": \"まえ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"mae\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"前\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼdət\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"អតីត\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jeon-ui\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"전의\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"pêşû\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"پێشوو\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"bertir\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"بەرتر\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"quondam\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"prethoden\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"претходен\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"bivš\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бивш\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bekas\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"mantan\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"nenehe\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ᠨᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"neneme\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"o mua\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forhenværende\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidligere\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"førverande\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidlegare\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"pëxwânay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"پخوانی\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sâbeq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"سابق\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qadim\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"قدیم\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"asbaq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"اسبق\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"były\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ex-\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"bývšij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бы́вший\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"préžnij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"пре́жний\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predydúščij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"previous\"], \"word\": \"предыду́щий\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"umwhile\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"пре́тходан\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"би̑вшӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"préthodan\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"bȋvšī\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bývalý\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"prejšnji\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bivši\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"antiguo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"före detta\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forna\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"förra\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"pešina\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"пешина\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"mundari\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ముందరి\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"munupaṭi\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"మునుపటి\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"gào\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"เก่า\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"gɔ̀ɔn\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ก่อน\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"à-dìit\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"อดีต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"önce\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"önceki\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"eski\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kolýšnij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"коли́шній\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"cũ\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"xưa\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"english\": \"when modifying a social or political position\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"cựu\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pjéršy\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́ршы\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predíšen\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"преди́шен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prǎv\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пръв\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qiánzhě\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"前者\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"deze\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"eerstgenoemde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ensimmäinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"premier\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"celui-là\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ersterer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"erstere\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"ersteres\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"pūrvavartī\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"पूर्ववर्ती\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"előbbi\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"terdahulu\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"primo\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぜんしゃ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"zensha\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"前者\"}, {\"alt\": \"前者\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jeonja\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"전자\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"førstnevnt\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"avvali\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"اولی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"pierwszy (z dwóch)\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"primeiro\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aquele\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pérvyj\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́рвый\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"prvi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"primero\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"primera\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aquello\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aquella\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"aquel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"föregående\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ก่อนหน้า\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ilk\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"péršyj\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́рший\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"trước\"}], \"word\": \"former\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "former",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "former/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"antonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"current\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"subsequent\"}], \"categories\": [\"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"English uncomparable adjectives\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Higaonon translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Manchu translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"former Soviet Union\"}, {\"word\": \"former times\"}, {\"word\": \"former USSR\"}, {\"word\": \"former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"former\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English former\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"former\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Middle English former\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"forma\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"first\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English forma (“first”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*frumô\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *frumô\", \"name\": \"inh\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.\", \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"former (not comparable)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"holonyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"sequence\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"ex-\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"formerly\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"next\"}, {\"word\": \"subsequent\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"A former president\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"the former East Germany\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:\", \"text\": \"At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors.[…]In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:\", \"text\": \"The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Previous.\"], \"links\": [[\"Previous\", \"previous\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"erstwhile\"}, {\"word\": \"sometime\"}, {\"word\": \"whilom\"}, {\"word\": \"wont-to-be\"}, {\"word\": \"former\"}], \"tags\": [\"not-comparable\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"latter\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The former is a good idea but the latter is not.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun.\"], \"links\": [[\"First\", \"first\"], [\"the\", \"the#English\"]], \"senseid\": [\"en:first of aforementioned two items\"], \"tags\": [\"not-comparable\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔɹmɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔːmə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-former.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"fmr\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"fmr.\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"antecedent\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"earlier\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"erstwhile\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"ex\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"foregone\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"former\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"old\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"olden\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"past\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"preceding\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"precedent\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"previous\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"prior\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"quondam\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"sometime\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"used-to-be\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:former\", \"word\": \"whilom\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"sābiq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"سَابِق\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"bylý\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"былы́\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"býŭšy\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бы́ўшы\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śabek\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"সাবেক\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"prakton\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"প্রাক্তন\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"bhutopurbo\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ভূতপূর্ব\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"purboton\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"পূর্বতন\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bivš\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бивш\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"mínal\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ми́нал\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predíšen\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"преди́шен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"previ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qián\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"前\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bývalý\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidligere\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forhenværende\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"voormalig\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"gewezen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"antaŭa\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"fyrrverandi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"edeltävä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"edellinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"entinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"précédent\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ancien\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"c̣inandeli\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"წინანდელი\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"uc̣indeli\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"უწინდელი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ehemalig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vorig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"früher\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vorherig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"vormalig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"alt\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"próin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"πρώην\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"próteros\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"πρότερος\"}, {\"code\": \"mba\", \"lang\": \"Higaonon\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"daan\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"pūrvavartī\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"पूर्ववर्ती\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"előző\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"előbbi\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"korábbi\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"egykori\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"hajdani\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"mantan\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"precedente\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anteriore\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ex\"}, {\"alt\": \"まえ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"mae\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"前\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"ʼaʼdət\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"អតីត\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jeon-ui\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"전의\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"pêşû\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"پێشوو\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"bertir\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"بەرتر\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"quondam\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"prethoden\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"претходен\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"bivš\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бивш\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bekas\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"mantan\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"nenehe\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ᠨᡝᠨᡝᡥᡝ\"}, {\"code\": \"mnc\", \"lang\": \"Manchu\", \"roman\": \"neneme\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"o mua\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forhenværende\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidligere\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"førverande\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"tidlegare\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"pëxwânay\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"پخوانی\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"sâbeq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"سابق\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"qadim\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"قدیم\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"asbaq\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"اسبق\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"były\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ex-\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"bývšij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"бы́вший\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"préžnij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"пре́жний\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"predydúščij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"previous\"], \"word\": \"предыду́щий\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"umwhile\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"пре́тходан\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"би̑вшӣ\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"préthodan\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\"], \"word\": \"bȋvšī\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bývalý\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"prejšnji\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"bivši\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"anterior\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"antiguo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"före detta\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"forna\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"förra\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"pešina\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"пешина\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"mundari\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ముందరి\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"munupaṭi\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"మునుపటి\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"gào\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"เก่า\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"gɔ̀ɔn\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"ก่อน\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"à-dìit\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"อดีต\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"önce\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"önceki\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"eski\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"kolýšnij\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"коли́шній\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"cũ\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"xưa\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"english\": \"when modifying a social or political position\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"nguyên\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"previous\", \"word\": \"cựu\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"pjéršy\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́ршы\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"predíšen\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"преди́шен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"prǎv\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пръв\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"qiánzhě\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"前者\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"deze\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"eerstgenoemde\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ensimmäinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"premier\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"celui-là\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ersterer\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"erstere\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"ersteres\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"pūrvavartī\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"पूर्ववर्ती\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"előbbi\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"terdahulu\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"primo\"}, {\"alt\": \"ぜんしゃ\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"zensha\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"前者\"}, {\"alt\": \"前者\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"jeonja\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"전자\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"førstnevnt\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"avvali\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"اولی\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"pierwszy (z dwóch)\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"primeiro\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aquele\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pérvyj\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́рвый\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"prvi\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"primero\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"primera\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"aquello\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"aquella\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"aquel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"föregående\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ก่อนหน้า\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"ilk\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"péršyj\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"пе́рший\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"first of aforementioned two items\", \"word\": \"trước\"}], \"word\": \"former\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adj",
"title": "former",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "former/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"opinion former\"}, {\"word\": \"pan former\"}, {\"word\": \"sixth-former\"}, {\"word\": \"T-former\"}, {\"word\": \"t-former\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"form\", \"3\": \"-er\", \"id2\": \"agent noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"By surface analysis, form + -er\", \"name\": \"surf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"formers\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"former (plural formers)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Dave was the former of the company.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"maker\", \"maker\"], [\"creator\", \"creator\"], [\"founder\", \"founder\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The brick arch was built using a wooden former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"template\", \"template\"], [\"gauge\", \"gauge\"], [\"cut\", \"cut\"], [\"die\", \"die\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Fifth-former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Sixth-former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"used in combinations\"], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔɹmɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔːmə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-former.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\"}], \"word\": \"former\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "former",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "former/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)\", \"Pages with 7 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"opinion former\"}, {\"word\": \"pan former\"}, {\"word\": \"sixth-former\"}, {\"word\": \"T-former\"}, {\"word\": \"t-former\"}], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"Inherited\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"g\": \"\", \"g2\": \"\", \"g3\": \"\", \"id\": \"\", \"lit\": \"\", \"nocat\": \"\", \"pos\": \"\", \"sc\": \"\", \"sort\": \"\", \"tr\": \"\", \"ts\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"formere\"}, \"expansion\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere\", \"name\": \"inh+\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"form\", \"3\": \"-er\", \"id2\": \"agent noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"By surface analysis, form + -er\", \"name\": \"surf\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"formers\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"former (plural formers)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Dave was the former of the company.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"maker\", \"maker\"], [\"creator\", \"creator\"], [\"founder\", \"founder\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The brick arch was built using a wooden former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die.\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"], [\"template\", \"template\"], [\"gauge\", \"gauge\"], [\"cut\", \"cut\"], [\"die\", \"die\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"British English\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Fifth-former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"text\": \"Sixth-former.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"links\": [[\"form\", \"form\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).\"], \"raw_tags\": [\"used in combinations\"], \"tags\": [\"British\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔɹmɚ/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈfɔːmə/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-former.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg/En-us-former.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-us-former.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)\"}], \"word\": \"former\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "former",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.