"precedent" meaning in English

See precedent in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ [Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹɛs-/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ [New-Zealand], /ˈpɹiː-/ [New-Zealand], /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ Audio: en-us-precedent.ogg [US]
enPR: prĕsʹĭ-dənt Etymology: From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|-}} Middle French, {{der|en|fro|-}} Old French, {{der|en|la|praecēdēns}} Latin praecēdēns, {{m|la|praecedo|praecēdere|to precede}} praecēdere (“to precede”) Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} precedent (not comparable)
  1. Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding. Tags: not-comparable Translations (earlier in time): সাবেক (śabek) (Bengali), предишен (predišen) (Bulgarian), предхождащ (predhoždašt) (Bulgarian), edeltävä (Finnish), précédent (French), წინა (c̣ina) (Georgian), წინამავალი (c̣inamavali) (Georgian), წინამორბედი (c̣inamorbedi) (Georgian), προηγούμενος (proïgoúmenos) (Greek), precedente (Italian), пре́тходен (préthoden) (Macedonian), предше́ствующий (predšéstvujuščij) (Russian), предыду́щий (predydúščij) (Russian), kasumundan (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-adj-i0ugqDq7 Disambiguation of 'earlier in time': 98 2
  2. (now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing. Tags: archaic, not-comparable
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-adj-PRuv7qK9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: præcedent [archaic]

Noun

IPA: /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ [Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹɛs-/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ [New-Zealand], /ˈpɹiː-/ [New-Zealand], /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ Audio: en-us-precedent.ogg [US] Forms: precedents [plural]
enPR: prĕsʹĭ-dənt Etymology: From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|-}} Middle French, {{der|en|fro|-}} Old French, {{der|en|la|praecēdēns}} Latin praecēdēns, {{m|la|praecedo|praecēdere|to precede}} praecēdere (“to precede”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} precedent (plural precedents)
  1. An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future. Translations (past act used as example): ⁧سَابِقَة⁩ (sābiqa) [feminine] (Arabic), precedente [masculine] (Asturian), прэцэдэ́нт (precedént) [masculine] (Belarusian), прецеде́нт (precedént) [masculine] (Bulgarian), precedent [masculine] (Catalan), 實例 (Chinese Mandarin), 实例 (shílì) (Chinese Mandarin), 範例 (Chinese Mandarin), 范例 (fànlì) (Chinese Mandarin), 事例 (shìlì) (Chinese Mandarin), 先例 (xiānlì) (Chinese Mandarin), 前例 (qiánlì) (Chinese Mandarin), precedens [neuter] (Czech), precedent [masculine] (Czech), precedent (Dutch), ennakkotapaus (Finnish), précédent (French), precedente [masculine] (Galician), პრეცედენტი (ṗrecedenṭi) (Georgian), Präzedenz [neuter] (German), Präzedenzfall [masculine] (German), προηγούμενο (proïgoúmeno) [neuter] (Greek), ⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩ (takdím) [masculine] (Hebrew), precedens (Hungarian), precedente [masculine] (Italian), 先例 (senrei) (alt: せんれい) (Japanese), 前例 (zenrei) (alt: ぜんれい) (Japanese), 사례 (sarye) (alt: 事例) (Korean), 전례 (jeollye) (alt: 前例) (Korean), преседа́н (presedán) [masculine] (Macedonian), tauira (Maori), presedens [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), presedens [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), precedens [masculine] (Polish), precedente [masculine] (Portuguese), precedent (Romanian), прецеде́нт (precedént) [masculine] (Russian), precedente [masculine] (Spanish), kasumundan (Tagalog), emsal (Turkish), teamül (Turkish), прецеде́нт (precedént) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-hdhVNaJI Disambiguation of 'past act used as example': 53 37 2 1 5 2
  2. (law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case. Categories (topical): Law Translations (leading case which is cited to justify a judgment): прецедент (precedent) [masculine] (Bulgarian), precedent [masculine] (Catalan), 判例 (pànlì) (Chinese Mandarin), jurisprudentie (Dutch), precedento (Esperanto), precedenco (Esperanto), ennakkotapaus (Finnish), décision de principe [feminine] (French), precedente [masculine] (Galician), პრეცედენტი (ṗrecedenṭi) (Georgian), Präjudiz [feminine] (German), δεδικασμένο (dedikasméno) [neuter] (Greek), ⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩ (takdím) [masculine] (Hebrew), precedens (Hungarian), pregiudiziale [feminine] (Italian), 判例 (hanrei) (Japanese), 판례 (pallye) (alt: 判例) [law] (Korean), преседа́н (presedán) [masculine] (Macedonian), prejudikat [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), prejudikat [neuter] (Norwegian Nynorsk), precedens [masculine] (Polish), precedente [masculine] (Portuguese), прецеде́нт (precedént) [masculine] (Russian), precedente [masculine] (Spanish), prejudikat [neuter] (Swedish), içtihat (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-RPMiXl~4 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'leading case which is cited to justify a judgment': 8 73 7 3 5 3
  3. An established habit or custom. Categories (topical): Directives
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-3gJckii0 Disambiguation of Directives: 4 5 9 4 43 4 9 20 2 0
  4. (obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing). Tags: obsolete, with-definite-article
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-Vn8PaFSr
  5. The previous version.
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-OzwRHIVN
  6. (obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-noun-A69w8vYS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: præcedent [archaic] Derived forms: binding precedent, condition precedent, declaratory precedent, original precedent, persuasive precedent, precedented, precedential, precedent-setting, precedent sub silentio, unprecedented Coordinate_terms: case law

Verb

IPA: /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ [Canada, General-American, Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹɛs-/ [General-Australian, Ireland], /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ [New-Zealand], /ˈpɹiː-/ [New-Zealand], /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ Audio: en-us-precedent.ogg [US] Forms: precedents [present, singular, third-person], precedenting [participle, present], precedented [participle, past], precedented [past]
enPR: prĕsʹĭ-dənt Etymology: From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|-}} Middle French, {{der|en|fro|-}} Old French, {{der|en|la|praecēdēns}} Latin praecēdēns, {{m|la|praecedo|praecēdere|to precede}} praecēdere (“to precede”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)
  1. (transitive, law) To provide precedents for. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Law
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-verb-RpHiztjw Topics: law
  2. (transitive, law) To be a precedent for. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Law
    Sense id: en-precedent-en-verb-0YG8Bbw6 Topics: law
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: præcedent [archaic] Related terms: stare decisis

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for precedent meaning in English (21.0kB)

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "case law"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "binding precedent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "condition precedent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "declaratory precedent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "original precedent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "persuasive precedent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "precedented"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "precedential"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "precedent-setting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "precedent sub silentio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unprecedented"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "precedents",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-hdhVNaJI",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "sābiqa",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧سَابِقَة⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "precedént",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "precedént",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прецеде́нт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "實例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shílì",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "实例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "範例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fànlì",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "范例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shìlì",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "事例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiānlì",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "先例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qiánlì",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "前例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "precedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "precedent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "ennakkotapaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "précédent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "პრეცედენტი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Präzedenz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Präzedenzfall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "proïgoúmeno",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "προηγούμενο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "takdím",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "precedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "alt": "せんれい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "senrei",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "先例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "alt": "ぜんれい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zenrei",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "前例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "alt": "事例",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sarye",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "사례"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "alt": "前例",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jeollye",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "전례"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "presedán",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "преседа́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "tauira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "presedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "presedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "precedent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "precedént",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прецеде́нт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "kasumundan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "emsal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "word": "teamül"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "precedént",
          "sense": "past act used as example",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прецеде́нт"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-RPMiXl~4",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "subsequent",
          "subsequent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "precedent",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прецедент"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "pànlì",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "判例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "jurisprudentie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "precedento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "precedenco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "ennakkotapaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "décision de principe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "პრეცედენტი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Präjudiz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "dedikasméno",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "δεδικασμένο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "takdím",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "precedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pregiudiziale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hanrei",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "判例"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "alt": "判例",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "pallye",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "topics": [
            "law"
          ],
          "word": "판례"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "presedán",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "преседа́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "prejudikat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "prejudikat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedens"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "precedént",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прецеде́нт"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "prejudikat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
          "word": "içtihat"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 9 4 43 4 9 20 2 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Directives",
          "orig": "en:Directives",
          "parents": [
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An established habit or custom."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-3gJckii0",
      "links": [
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "custom",
          "custom"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
          "text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The aforementioned (thing)."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-Vn8PaFSr",
      "links": [
        [
          "aforementioned",
          "aforementioned"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "with-definite-article"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The previous version."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-OzwRHIVN"
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-A69w8vYS",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "draught",
          "draught"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-adj-i0ugqDq7",
      "links": [
        [
          "previous",
          "previous"
        ],
        [
          "preceding",
          "preceding"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śabek",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "সাবেক"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predišen",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "предишен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predhoždašt",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "предхождащ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "edeltävä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "précédent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "c̣ina",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "წინა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "c̣inamavali",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "წინამავალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "წინამორბედი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "proïgoúmenos",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "προηγούμενος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "precedente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "préthoden",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "пре́тходен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "предше́ствующий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predydúščij",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "предыду́щий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "earlier in time",
          "word": "kasumundan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-adj-PRuv7qK9",
      "links": [
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "preceding",
          "preceding"
        ],
        [
          "foregoing",
          "foregoing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "precedents",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedenting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedented",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedented",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stare decisis"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To provide precedents for."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-verb-RpHiztjw",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be a precedent for."
      ],
      "id": "en-precedent-en-verb-0YG8Bbw6",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "case law"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "binding precedent"
    },
    {
      "word": "condition precedent"
    },
    {
      "word": "declaratory precedent"
    },
    {
      "word": "original precedent"
    },
    {
      "word": "persuasive precedent"
    },
    {
      "word": "precedented"
    },
    {
      "word": "precedential"
    },
    {
      "word": "precedent-setting"
    },
    {
      "word": "precedent sub silentio"
    },
    {
      "word": "unprecedented"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "precedents",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "subsequent",
          "subsequent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An established habit or custom."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "custom",
          "custom"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
          "text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The aforementioned (thing)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aforementioned",
          "aforementioned"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "with-definite-article"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The previous version."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "draught",
          "draught"
        ],
        [
          "writing",
          "writing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "sābiqa",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧سَابِقَة⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "precedént",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "precedént",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прецеде́нт"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedent"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "實例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shílì",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "实例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "範例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fànlì",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "范例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shìlì",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "事例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiānlì",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "先例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qiánlì",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "前例"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "precedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedent"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "precedent"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "ennakkotapaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "précédent"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "პრეცედენტი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Präzedenz"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Präzedenzfall"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "proïgoúmeno",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "προηγούμενο"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "takdím",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "precedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "alt": "せんれい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "senrei",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "先例"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぜんれい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zenrei",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "前例"
    },
    {
      "alt": "事例",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sarye",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "사례"
    },
    {
      "alt": "前例",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jeollye",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "전례"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "presedán",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "преседа́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "tauira"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "presedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "presedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "precedent"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "precedént",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прецеде́нт"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "kasumundan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "emsal"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "word": "teamül"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "precedént",
      "sense": "past act used as example",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прецеде́нт"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "precedent",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прецедент"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedent"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "pànlì",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "判例"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "jurisprudentie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "precedento"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "precedenco"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "ennakkotapaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "décision de principe"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "პრეცედენტი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Präjudiz"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "dedikasméno",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "δεδικασμένο"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "takdím",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧תַּקְדִּים⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "precedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pregiudiziale"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hanrei",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "判例"
    },
    {
      "alt": "判例",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "pallye",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "word": "판례"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "presedán",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "преседа́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "prejudikat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "prejudikat"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedens"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "precedént",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прецеде́нт"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "prejudikat"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
      "word": "içtihat"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "previous",
          "previous"
        ],
        [
          "preceding",
          "preceding"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "preceding",
          "preceding"
        ],
        [
          "foregoing",
          "foregoing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śabek",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "সাবেক"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predišen",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "предишен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predhoždašt",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "предхождащ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "edeltävä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "précédent"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "c̣ina",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "წინა"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "c̣inamavali",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "წინამავალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "წინამორბედი"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "proïgoúmenos",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "προηγούμενος"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "precedente"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "préthoden",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "пре́тходен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "предше́ствующий"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predydúščij",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "предыду́щий"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "earlier in time",
      "word": "kasumundan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Directives"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "praecēdēns"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "praecedo",
        "3": "praecēdere",
        "4": "to precede"
      },
      "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "precedents",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedenting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedented",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "precedented",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "stare decisis"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To provide precedents for."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be a precedent for."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American",
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian",
        "Ireland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
      "tags": [
        "New-Zealand"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "præcedent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "precedent"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.