See precedent in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for precedent meaning in English (21.0kB)
{ "coordinate_terms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "case law" } ], "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "binding precedent" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "condition precedent" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "declaratory precedent" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "original precedent" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "persuasive precedent" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "precedented" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "precedential" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "precedent-setting" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "precedent sub silentio" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "unprecedented" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "forms": [ { "form": "precedents", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-hdhVNaJI", "translations": [ { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sābiqa", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "سَابِقَة" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прэцэдэ́нт" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "實例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shílì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "实例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "範例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fànlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "范例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shìlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "事例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiānlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "先例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qiánlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "前例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedent" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "ennakkotapaus" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "précédent" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "პრეცედენტი" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Präzedenz" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Präzedenzfall" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "proïgoúmeno", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "προηγούμενο" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "takdím", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "תַּקְדִּים" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedens" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "alt": "せんれい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "senrei", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "先例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "alt": "ぜんれい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "zenrei", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "前例" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "alt": "事例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sarye", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "사례" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "alt": "前例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeollye", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "전례" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "presedán", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "преседа́н" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "tauira" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "presedens" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "presedens" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedent" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "kasumundan" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "emsal" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "teamül" }, { "_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 2", "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Law", "orig": "en:Law", "parents": [ "Justice", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-RPMiXl~4", "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ], [ "subsequent", "subsequent" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case." ], "topics": [ "law" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "precedent", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецедент" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "pànlì", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "判例" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "jurisprudentie" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedento" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedenco" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "ennakkotapaus" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "décision de principe" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "პრეცედენტი" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Präjudiz" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "dedikasméno", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "δεδικασμένο" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "takdím", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "תַּקְדִּים" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedens" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "pregiudiziale" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hanrei", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "判例" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "alt": "判例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "pallye", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "topics": [ "law" ], "word": "판례" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "presedán", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "преседа́н" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "_dis1": "8 73 7 3 5 3", "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "içtihat" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 5 9 4 43 4 9 20 2 0", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Directives", "orig": "en:Directives", "parents": [ "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "An established habit or custom." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-3gJckii0", "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": ", New York 2001, p.74", "text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent." } ], "glosses": [ "The aforementioned (thing)." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-Vn8PaFSr", "links": [ [ "aforementioned", "aforementioned" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)." ], "tags": [ "obsolete", "with-definite-article" ] }, { "glosses": [ "The previous version." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-OzwRHIVN" }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-noun-A69w8vYS", "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ], [ "draught", "draught" ], [ "writing", "writing" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy." ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "word": "precedent" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "precedent (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-adj-i0ugqDq7", "links": [ [ "previous", "previous" ], [ "preceding", "preceding" ] ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śabek", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "সাবেক" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predišen", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предишен" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predhoždašt", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предхождащ" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "edeltävä" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "précédent" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣ina", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინა" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣inamavali", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინამავალი" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣inamorbedi", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინამორბედი" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "proïgoúmenos", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "προηγούμενος" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "precedente" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "préthoden", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "пре́тходен" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "predšéstvujuščij", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предше́ствующий" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "predydúščij", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предыду́щий" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "kasumundan" } ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-adj-PRuv7qK9", "links": [ [ "order", "order" ], [ "preceding", "preceding" ], [ "foregoing", "foregoing" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "word": "precedent" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "forms": [ { "form": "precedents", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "precedenting", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "precedented", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "precedented", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "stare decisis" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Law", "orig": "en:Law", "parents": [ "Justice", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To provide precedents for." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-verb-RpHiztjw", "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, law) To provide precedents for." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "law" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Law", "orig": "en:Law", "parents": [ "Justice", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "To be a precedent for." ], "id": "en-precedent-en-verb-0YG8Bbw6", "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, law) To be a precedent for." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "law" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "word": "precedent" }
{ "categories": [ "en:Directives" ], "coordinate_terms": [ { "word": "case law" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "binding precedent" }, { "word": "condition precedent" }, { "word": "declaratory precedent" }, { "word": "original precedent" }, { "word": "persuasive precedent" }, { "word": "precedented" }, { "word": "precedential" }, { "word": "precedent-setting" }, { "word": "precedent sub silentio" }, { "word": "unprecedented" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "forms": [ { "form": "precedents", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future." ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Law" ], "glosses": [ "A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case." ], "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ], [ "subsequent", "subsequent" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case." ], "topics": [ "law" ] }, { "glosses": [ "An established habit or custom." ], "links": [ [ "habit", "habit" ], [ "custom", "custom" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses" ], "examples": [ { "ref": ", New York 2001, p.74", "text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent." } ], "glosses": [ "The aforementioned (thing)." ], "links": [ [ "aforementioned", "aforementioned" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)." ], "tags": [ "obsolete", "with-definite-article" ] }, { "glosses": [ "The previous version." ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses" ], "glosses": [ "A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy." ], "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ], [ "draught", "draught" ], [ "writing", "writing" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy." ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "sābiqa", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "سَابِقَة" }, { "code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прэцэдэ́нт" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "實例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shílì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "实例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "範例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "fànlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "范例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shìlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "事例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiānlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "先例" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "qiánlì", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "前例" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedent" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "ennakkotapaus" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "précédent" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "პრეცედენტი" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Präzedenz" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Präzedenzfall" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "proïgoúmeno", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "προηγούμενο" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "takdím", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "תַּקְדִּים" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedens" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "alt": "せんれい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "senrei", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "先例" }, { "alt": "ぜんれい", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "zenrei", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "前例" }, { "alt": "事例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "sarye", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "사례" }, { "alt": "前例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jeollye", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "전례" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "presedán", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "преседа́н" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "tauira" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "presedens" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "presedens" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "precedent" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "kasumundan" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "emsal" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "past act used as example", "word": "teamül" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "past act used as example", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "precedent", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецедент" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedent" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "pànlì", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "判例" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "jurisprudentie" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedento" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedenco" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "ennakkotapaus" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "décision de principe" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "ṗrecedenṭi", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "პრეცედენტი" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Präjudiz" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "dedikasméno", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "δεδικασμένο" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "takdím", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "תַּקְדִּים" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "precedens" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "pregiudiziale" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hanrei", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "判例" }, { "alt": "判例", "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "pallye", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "topics": [ "law" ], "word": "판례" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "presedán", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "преседа́н" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedens" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "precedént", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "прецеде́нт" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "prejudikat" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment", "word": "içtihat" } ], "word": "precedent" } { "categories": [ "en:Directives" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "precedent (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding." ], "links": [ [ "previous", "previous" ], [ "preceding", "preceding" ] ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing." ], "links": [ [ "order", "order" ], [ "preceding", "preceding" ], [ "foregoing", "foregoing" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "śabek", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "সাবেক" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predišen", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предишен" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "predhoždašt", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предхождащ" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "edeltävä" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "précédent" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣ina", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინა" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣inamavali", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინამავალი" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "c̣inamorbedi", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "წინამორბედი" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "proïgoúmenos", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "προηγούμενος" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "precedente" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "préthoden", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "пре́тходен" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "predšéstvujuščij", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предше́ствующий" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "predydúščij", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "предыду́щий" }, { "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "earlier in time", "word": "kasumundan" } ], "word": "precedent" } { "categories": [ "en:Directives" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Middle French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Old French", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "praecēdēns" }, "expansion": "Latin praecēdēns", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "praecedo", "3": "praecēdere", "4": "to precede" }, "expansion": "praecēdere (“to precede”)", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.", "forms": [ { "form": "precedents", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "precedenting", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "precedented", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "precedented", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "stare decisis" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English transitive verbs", "en:Law" ], "glosses": [ "To provide precedents for." ], "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, law) To provide precedents for." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "law" ] }, { "categories": [ "English transitive verbs", "en:Law" ], "glosses": [ "To be a precedent for." ], "links": [ [ "law", "law#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, law) To be a precedent for." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "law" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/", "tags": [ "Canada", "General-American", "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/", "tags": [ "General-Australian", "Ireland" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/", "tags": [ "New-Zealand" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/" }, { "audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "præcedent" } ], "word": "precedent" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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