See precedent in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for precedent meaning in English (36.3kB)
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"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "binding precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "condition precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "declaratory precedent"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "original precedent"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "persuasive precedent"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedented"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedential"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedent-setting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedent sub silentio"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unprecedented"
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{
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
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"expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"glosses": [
"An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-hdhVNaJI",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiqa",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَابِقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "實例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shílì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "实例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "範例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "范例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "事例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiānlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präzedenz"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmeno",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προηγούμενο"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"alt": "せんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"alt": "ぜんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zenrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"alt": "事例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sarye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "사례"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"alt": "前例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeollye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "전례"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "tauira"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "kasumundan"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "emsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "teamül"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 2 1 5 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-RPMiXl~4",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"subsequent",
"subsequent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedent",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецедент"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pànlì",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "jurisprudentie"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedento"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedenco"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "décision de principe"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präjudiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dedikasméno",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δεδικασμένο"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pregiudiziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanrei",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"alt": "判例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pallye",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "판례"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "21 56 8 2 4 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "içtihat"
}
]
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 18 5 13 3 7 7 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 15 4 16 3 5 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 16 6 13 2 14 6 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 10 3 6 8 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An established habit or custom."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-3gJckii0",
"links": [
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
"text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-Vn8PaFSr",
"links": [
[
"aforementioned",
"aforementioned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"with-definite-article"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 19 15 4 10 1 14 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 16 6 13 2 14 6 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The previous version."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-OzwRHIVN"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 3 12 3 5 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 17 5 11 3 5 10 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-A69w8vYS",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"draught",
"draught"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 18 2 6 1 6 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 18 3 10 1 9 6 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 3 12 3 5 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 9 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 9 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 17 5 11 3 5 10 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 18 5 13 3 7 7 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 17 4 7 2 6 6 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 17 3 9 1 4 6 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 21 16 4 7 1 6 6 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 18 19 5 10 2 6 9 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 17 4 8 3 6 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 19 15 4 10 1 14 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 15 4 16 3 5 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 16 6 13 2 14 6 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 18 15 4 15 3 10 6 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 22 17 1 5 1 2 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 10 3 6 8 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 21 15 3 6 1 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 18 2 20 2 4 6 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-adj-i0ugqDq7",
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antecedent#Adjective"
},
{
"word": "predecessive"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predišen",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предишен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predhoždašt",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предхождащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ina",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინა"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamavali",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამავალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამორბედი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmenos",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "προηγούμενος"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préthoden",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "пре́тходен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предше́ствующий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "kasumundan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 18 2 6 1 6 8 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 3 12 3 5 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 9 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 9 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 17 5 11 3 5 10 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 18 5 13 3 7 7 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 17 4 7 2 6 6 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 23 17 3 9 1 4 6 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 19 15 4 10 1 14 5 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 19 15 4 16 3 5 10 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 16 6 13 2 14 6 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 16 4 10 3 6 8 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 18 6 10 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 18 3 7 2 4 6 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 3 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 21 17 4 11 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-adj-PRuv7qK9",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"foregoing",
"foregoing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stare decisis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide precedents for."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-verb-RpHiztjw",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be a precedent for."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-verb-0YG8Bbw6",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "case law"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "binding precedent"
},
{
"word": "condition precedent"
},
{
"word": "declaratory precedent"
},
{
"word": "original precedent"
},
{
"word": "persuasive precedent"
},
{
"word": "precedented"
},
{
"word": "precedential"
},
{
"word": "precedent-setting"
},
{
"word": "precedent sub silentio"
},
{
"word": "unprecedented"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"subsequent",
"subsequent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An established habit or custom."
],
"links": [
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
"text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"links": [
[
"aforementioned",
"aforementioned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"with-definite-article"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The previous version."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"draught",
"draught"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiqa",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَابِقَة"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "實例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shílì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "实例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "範例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "范例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "事例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiānlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präzedenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmeno",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προηγούμενο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"alt": "せんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"alt": "ぜんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zenrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"alt": "事例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sarye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "사례"
},
{
"alt": "前例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeollye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "전례"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "tauira"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "kasumundan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "emsal"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "teamül"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedent",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецедент"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pànlì",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "jurisprudentie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedento"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedenco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "décision de principe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präjudiz"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dedikasméno",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δεδικασμένο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pregiudiziale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanrei",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"alt": "判例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pallye",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "판례"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "içtihat"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
],
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antecedent#Adjective"
},
{
"word": "predecessive"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"foregoing",
"foregoing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predišen",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предишен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predhoždašt",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предхождащ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ina",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamavali",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამავალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამორბედი"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmenos",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "προηγούμενος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préthoden",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "пре́тходен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предше́ствующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "kasumundan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stare decisis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To provide precedents for."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To be a precedent for."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.