See precedent on Wiktionary
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "case law"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "binding precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "condition precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "declaratory precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "original precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "persuasive precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedented"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedential"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedent-setting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "precedent sub silentio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unprecedented"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 18 2 2 1 5 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 18 4 4 1 4 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 4 1 13 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-hdhVNaJI",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiqa",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَابِقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "實例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shílì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "实例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "範例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "范例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "事例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiānlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präzedenz"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmeno",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προηγούμενο"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"alt": "せんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"alt": "ぜんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zenrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"alt": "事例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sarye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "사례"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"alt": "前例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeollye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "전례"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "tauira"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "kasumundan"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "emsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "teamül"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 37 3 1 5 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-RPMiXl~4",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"subsequent",
"subsequent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedent",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецедент"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pànlì",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "judikát"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "judikatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "jurisprudentie"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedento"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedenco"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "décision de principe"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präjudiz"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dedikasméno",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δεδικασμένο"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pregiudiziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanrei",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"alt": "判例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pallye",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "판례"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 51 5 2 4 12",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "içtihat"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An established habit or custom."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-3gJckii0",
"links": [
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
"text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-Vn8PaFSr",
"links": [
[
"aforementioned",
"aforementioned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"with-definite-article"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 4 1 13 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The previous version."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-OzwRHIVN"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:",
"text": "My Lord Melun, let this be copied out,\nI did suppose it should be on constraint ;\nAnd keep it safe for our remembrance :\nBut , heaven be thank'd , it is but voluntary ,\nReturn the precedent to these lords again",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-noun-A69w8vYS",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"draught",
"draught"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 18 2 2 1 5 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "2 1 31 30 19 1 2 1 2 10 1 1",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 22 18 3 6 2 5 11 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 19 3 4 3 5 8 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 19 3 4 3 5 8 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 19 4 5 2 5 10 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 18 3 6 2 6 7 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 21 20 5 6 2 6 7 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 18 3 4 1 5 7 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "31 23 19 2 6 1 3 7 3 3",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 22 17 3 4 1 5 6 5 4",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 19 20 5 5 2 6 9 3 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 3 4 3 5 8 3 3",
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{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "25 19 18 5 5 2 13 7 3 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 24 19 3 3 1 4 7 4 3",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 20 5 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 20 16 4 8 2 9 7 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 21 18 3 7 3 6 8 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 27 21 1 2 1 2 8 1 1",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 24 19 3 3 1 4 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 25 19 3 3 1 3 7 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 3 6 2 5 8 3 3",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 18 3 6 2 5 8 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 22 19 3 6 3 5 8 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 19 2 15 1 3 7 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-adj-i0ugqDq7",
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antecedent#Adjective"
},
{
"word": "predecessive"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predišen",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предишен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predhoždašt",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предхождащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ina",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინა"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamavali",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამავალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამორბედი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmenos",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "προηγούμενος"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préthoden",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "пре́тходен"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предше́ствующий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "kasumundan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 18 2 2 1 5 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 26 18 4 4 1 4 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 30 27 18 2 2 1 4 9 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 31 30 19 1 2 1 2 10 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 21 17 4 4 1 13 6 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition III, section 2, member 1, subsection i:",
"text": "In the precedent section mention was made, amongst other pleasant objects, of this comeliness and beauty which proceeds from women […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-adj-PRuv7qK9",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"foregoing",
"foregoing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stare decisis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide precedents for."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-verb-RpHiztjw",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be a precedent for."
],
"id": "en-precedent-en-verb-0YG8Bbw6",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns",
"4": "praecēdentem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent m or f (masculine and feminine plural precedents)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"previous, preceding"
],
"id": "en-precedent-ca-adj-6eJRA7Vk",
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾe.seˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns",
"4": "praecēdentem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "precedent m (plural precedents)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"id": "en-precedent-ca-noun-qsb3dQjr",
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "precedència"
},
{
"word": "precedir"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾe.seˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "precedent m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precedent (past act used as example)"
],
"id": "en-precedent-cs-noun-9M22G-L0",
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cese"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "precedens"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frm",
"3": "precedent"
},
"expansion": "Middle French precedent",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French precedent. First attested in the 16th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedenten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent n (plural precedenten)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pre‧ce‧dent"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "precedentwerking"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"id": "en-precedent-nl-noun-qsb3dQjr",
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpreː.seːˈdɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpreː.səˈdɛnt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Nl-precedent.ogg/Nl-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Nl-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnt"
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "preceder"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preceder",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdēns. Compare Middle French preceder.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "precedent",
"5": "or",
"6": "precedente",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "precedent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular precedent or precedente)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"f2": "precedente"
},
"expansion": "precedent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular precedent or precedente)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ethical[?] fever comes without a preceding fever",
"ref": "1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):",
"text": "Fievre ethique vient sans fievre precedente",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"preceding; that comes before"
],
"id": "en-precedent-fro-adj-XgTz78lM",
"links": [
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "précédent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French précédent",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French précédent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedenți",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedențile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "precedenți"
},
"expansion": "precedent n (plural precedenți)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "precedenților",
"gpi": "precedenți",
"gsd": "precedentului",
"gsi": "precedent",
"n": "",
"npd": "precedențile",
"npi": "precedenți",
"nsd": "precedentul",
"nsi": "precedent",
"vp": "precedenților",
"vs": "precedentule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"id": "en-precedent-ro-noun-qsb3dQjr",
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns",
"4": "praecēdentem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent m or f (masculine and feminine plural precedents)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"previous, preceding"
],
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾe.seˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns",
"4": "praecēdentem"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdentem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "precedent m (plural precedents)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "precedència"
},
{
"word": "precedir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾə.səˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɾe.seˈðent]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "precedent m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cese"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"precedent (past act used as example)"
],
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "precedens"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "precedentwerking"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frm",
"3": "precedent"
},
"expansion": "Middle French precedent",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French precedent. First attested in the 16th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedenten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent n (plural precedenten)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pre‧ce‧dent"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle French",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛnt",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛnt/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpreː.seːˈdɛnt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpreː.səˈdɛnt/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Nl-precedent.ogg/Nl-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Nl-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnt"
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "case law"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "binding precedent"
},
{
"word": "condition precedent"
},
{
"word": "declaratory precedent"
},
{
"word": "original precedent"
},
{
"word": "persuasive precedent"
},
{
"word": "precedented"
},
{
"word": "precedential"
},
{
"word": "precedent-setting"
},
{
"word": "precedent sub silentio"
},
{
"word": "unprecedented"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (plural precedents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):",
"text": "Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"subsequent",
"subsequent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An established habit or custom."
],
"links": [
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", New York 2001, p.74",
"text": "A third argument may be derived from the precedent."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"links": [
[
"aforementioned",
"aforementioned"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"with-definite-article"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The previous version."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:",
"text": "My Lord Melun, let this be copied out,\nI did suppose it should be on constraint ;\nAnd keep it safe for our remembrance :\nBut , heaven be thank'd , it is but voluntary ,\nReturn the precedent to these lords again",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"draught",
"draught"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sābiqa",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَابِقَة"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прэцэдэ́нт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "實例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shílì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "实例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "範例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "范例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "事例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiānlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiánlì",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Präzedenz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmeno",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "προηγούμενο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"alt": "せんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "senrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "先例"
},
{
"alt": "ぜんれい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zenrei",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "前例"
},
{
"alt": "事例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sarye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "사례"
},
{
"alt": "前例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jeollye",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "전례"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "tauira"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "presedens"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "kasumundan"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "emsal"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"word": "teamül"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "past act used as example",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "precedent",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецедент"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pànlì",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "judikát"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "judikatura"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "jurisprudentie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedento"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedenco"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "ennakkotapaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "décision de principe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗrecedenṭi",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "პრეცედენტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Präjudiz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Präzedenzfall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dedikasméno",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δεδικασμένο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "takdím",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "תַּקְדִּים"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pregiudiziale"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanrei",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "判例"
},
{
"alt": "判例",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "pallye",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"topics": [
"law"
],
"word": "판례"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "presedán",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "преседа́н"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedens"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "precedént",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прецеде́нт"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prejudikat"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "leading case which is cited to justify a judgment",
"word": "içtihat"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "precedent (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding."
],
"links": [
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "antecedent#Adjective"
},
{
"word": "predecessive"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition III, section 2, member 1, subsection i:",
"text": "In the precedent section mention was made, amongst other pleasant objects, of this comeliness and beauty which proceeds from women […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
],
[
"foregoing",
"foregoing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śabek",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "সাবেক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predišen",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предишен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predhoždašt",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предхождащ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "edeltävä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "précédent"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ina",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamavali",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამავალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inamorbedi",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "წინამორბედი"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "proïgoúmenos",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "προηγούμενος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "precedente"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préthoden",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "пре́тходен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predšéstvujuščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предше́ствующий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "predydúščij",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "предыду́щий"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "earlier in time",
"word": "kasumundan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praecēdēns, present participle of praecēdere (“to precede”); See precede.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedents",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "precedented",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stare decisis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To provide precedents for."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To provide precedents for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To be a precedent for."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, law) To be a precedent for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prĕsʹĭ-dənt",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː.sɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɛs-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹes.ɪ.dənt/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹiː-/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-precedent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg/En-us-precedent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/En-us-precedent.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "præcedent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"precedent"
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praecēdēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin praecēdēns",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "preceder"
},
"expansion": "Middle French preceder",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin praecēdēns. Compare Middle French preceder.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedent",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "precedent",
"5": "or",
"6": "precedente",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "precedent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular precedent or precedente)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mf",
"f2": "precedente"
},
"expansion": "precedent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular precedent or precedente)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ethical[?] fever comes without a preceding fever",
"ref": "1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):",
"text": "Fievre ethique vient sans fievre precedente",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"preceding; that comes before"
],
"links": [
[
"preceding",
"preceding"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "précédent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French précédent",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French précédent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "precedenți",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedențile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "precedentule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "precedenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "precedenți"
},
"expansion": "precedent n (plural precedenți)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "precedenților",
"gpi": "precedenți",
"gsd": "precedentului",
"gsi": "precedent",
"n": "",
"npd": "precedențile",
"npi": "precedenți",
"nsd": "precedentul",
"nsi": "precedent",
"vp": "precedenților",
"vs": "precedentule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"precedent"
],
"links": [
[
"precedent",
"precedent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "precedent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for precedent meaning in All languages combined (33.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"precedent"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "precedent",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.