See były in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "były",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"abbr": "b.",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "były (not comparable, no derived adverb, abbreviation b.)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by‧ły"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"by‧ły"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "przyszły"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"english": "previous director",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "były dyrektor",
"translation": "previous director",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"former, previous (holding a certain function or position in the past but no longer so at the time of speaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "former Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "były Związek Radziecki",
"translation": "former Soviet Union",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"former, previous (of nations; existing in the past but no longer so at the time of speaking, or now being in a different place or having a different form)"
],
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ.wɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ.ɫɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘwɘ"
}
],
"word": "były"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ły",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘwɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘwɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "były",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish były",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "były"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish były",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być",
"3": "-ły"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, być + -ły",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish były. By surface analysis, być + -ły.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "była",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "były",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "były",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "byli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"f": "była"
},
"expansion": "były m pers (female equivalent była)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by‧ły"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"by‧ły"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish nominalized adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"ex (male ex-partner)"
],
"links": [
[
"ex",
"ex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized, colloquial) ex (male ex-partner)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "eks"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"noun-from-verb",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ.wɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ.ɫɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘwɘ"
}
],
"word": "były"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ły",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘwɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘwɘ/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "były",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish były",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "były"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish były",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "być",
"3": "-ły"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, być + -ły",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish były. By surface analysis, być + -ły.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "były",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"by‧ły"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"by‧ły"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "być"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural nonvirile past of być"
],
"links": [
[
"być",
"być#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘ.wɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ.ɫɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘwɘ"
}
],
"word": "były"
}
Download raw JSONL data for były meaning in Polish (11.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no derived adverb",
"path": [
"były"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "były",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"były"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "były",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"były"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "były",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.