See być in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zbyteczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nabytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pobyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "przybytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ubytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zbytek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "to jest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być w błędzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dobywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nabywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pozbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pozbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przebyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przebywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przybyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przybywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wydobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wydobywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyzbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyzbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zbywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdobyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zdobywać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>być>to be",
"id": "to be",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nOld Polish być\nPolish być",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "być",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish być",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "być"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish być",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nOld Polish być\nPolish być\nInherited from Old Polish być.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywać",
"tags": [
"indeterminate"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "być",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "jestem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m",
"roman": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy",
"roman": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś",
"roman": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście",
"roman": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bylibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bylibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byście były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bądźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bądź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bądźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będzie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będąca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będąc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "bywszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "bycie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"indet": "bywać"
},
"expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"być"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bawić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 9 13 14 20 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 8 8 23 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am Kamil, and this is Marta.",
"text": "Jestem Kamil, a to jest Marta.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is a chemistry teacher.",
"text": "On jest nauczycielem chemii.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class)"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-jn3~4sG6",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nom/ins"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative or instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) [with nominative or instrumental]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am tired.",
"text": "Jestem zmęczona.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (auxilary verb used for predication)"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-jpY0NQN~",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "[with adjective]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (auxilary verb used for predication) [with adjective]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Are you going to clean today?",
"text": "Będziesz dzisiaj sprzątać/sprzątała?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the future tense of imperfective verbs"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-7bs7drNa",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf/past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive or past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
],
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, auxiliary, in the future tense) forms the future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the future tense"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you, for example, Mr Rawski, had eaten everything that you earned, then you would not have collected your fortune.",
"ref": "1859, Jean Jacques Rapet, Przewodnik moralności i ekonomii politycznéj dla użytku klass robotniczych, Behr Bock, page 170:",
"text": "Gdybyś naprzykład, panie Rawski, był zjadł wszystko coś zarobił, to byś nie był zebrał majątku.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Nastusia, half-fallen, half-supported by the oak, with her eyes opened wide in a motionless manner, fixed in the direction where the hawk had successfully carried out its hunts, was panting terribly.",
"ref": "1869, Charles Edmond, translated by Edmund Chojecki, Alkhadar: ustęp z dziejów ojców naszych, F.A. Brockhaus, page 231:",
"text": "Nastusia na pół osunięta, na pół wsparta na dębie, na pół omdlała, z oczyma szeroko, nieruchomie otwartemi, utkwionemi w stronę, gdzie jastrząb dokonał był pomyślnych swoich łowów, strasznie dyszała.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Oh well, if he had gone there into that place, as befitted his honour and his person, then he would have had to spend a few and a few dozen złoty; so what did he do?",
"ref": "1871, Czesław Pieniążek, Włościanin: czasopismo ilustrowane dla ludu, Budweiser, page 34:",
"text": "Ale cóż, gdyby był poszedł tam w to miejsce, jakie przystało honorowi i jego osobie, toby był musiał co dzień kilka i kilkanaście złotych wydać; to cóż on robił?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the pluperfect tense"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-KHWkilmu",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, auxiliary, archaic, in the past tense) forms the pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"past"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nie ma"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why is there only one bed in my room but two in hers?",
"text": "Dlaczego w moim pokoju jest tylko jedno łóżko, a w jej są dwa?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be, there be (indicates location)"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-gtXIStYm",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"there be",
"there be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be, there be (indicates location)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king ordered him to spend a night with a bear.",
"text": "Kázáł mu król, żeby był noc z niedźwiedziem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of spędzać"
],
"id": "en-być-pl-verb-Kg~QNIRo",
"links": [
[
"spędzać",
"spędzać#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Przemyśl) Synonym of spędzać"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "spędzać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘt͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘt͡ɕ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘt͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "być"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘt͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘt͡ɕ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨt͡ʃ",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/ɨt͡ʃ/1 syllable",
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian imperfective verbs",
"Upper Sorbian lemmas",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Upper Sorbian verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "zbyteczny"
},
{
"word": "nabytek"
},
{
"word": "pobyt"
},
{
"word": "przybytek"
},
{
"word": "ubytek"
},
{
"word": "zbytek"
},
{
"word": "to jest"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być w błędzie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "dobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dobywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nabywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pozbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pozbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przebyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przebywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przybyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przybywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wydobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wydobywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyzbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wyzbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zbyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zbywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdobyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zdobywać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>być>to be",
"id": "to be",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nOld Polish być\nPolish być",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "być",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish być",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "być"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish być",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *byti\nOld Polish być\nPolish być\nInherited from Old Polish być.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bywać",
"tags": [
"indeterminate"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "być",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "jestem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m",
"roman": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy",
"roman": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś",
"roman": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jesteście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście",
"roman": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "są",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bylibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byłbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byłobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bylibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byście były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by był",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by była",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byłoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by było",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "byliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by byli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byłyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by były",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bądźmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bądź",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bądźcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będzie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech będą",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będąca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będąc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "bywszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "bycie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"indet": "bywać"
},
"expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"być"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bydło"
},
{
"word": "byt"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bawić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish copulative verbs",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am Kamil, and this is Marta.",
"text": "Jestem Kamil, a to jest Marta.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is a chemistry teacher.",
"text": "On jest nauczycielem chemii.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nom/ins"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative or instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) [with nominative or instrumental]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish copulative verbs",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am tired.",
"text": "Jestem zmęczona.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (auxilary verb used for predication)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "[with adjective]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(copulative) to be (auxilary verb used for predication) [with adjective]"
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Are you going to clean today?",
"text": "Będziesz dzisiaj sprzątać/sprzątała?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the future tense of imperfective verbs"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inf/past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with infinitive or past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"infinitive"
],
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, auxiliary, in the future tense) forms the future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the future tense"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish auxiliary verbs",
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If you, for example, Mr Rawski, had eaten everything that you earned, then you would not have collected your fortune.",
"ref": "1859, Jean Jacques Rapet, Przewodnik moralności i ekonomii politycznéj dla użytku klass robotniczych, Behr Bock, page 170:",
"text": "Gdybyś naprzykład, panie Rawski, był zjadł wszystko coś zarobił, to byś nie był zebrał majątku.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Nastusia, half-fallen, half-supported by the oak, with her eyes opened wide in a motionless manner, fixed in the direction where the hawk had successfully carried out its hunts, was panting terribly.",
"ref": "1869, Charles Edmond, translated by Edmund Chojecki, Alkhadar: ustęp z dziejów ojców naszych, F.A. Brockhaus, page 231:",
"text": "Nastusia na pół osunięta, na pół wsparta na dębie, na pół omdlała, z oczyma szeroko, nieruchomie otwartemi, utkwionemi w stronę, gdzie jastrząb dokonał był pomyślnych swoich łowów, strasznie dyszała.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Oh well, if he had gone there into that place, as befitted his honour and his person, then he would have had to spend a few and a few dozen złoty; so what did he do?",
"ref": "1871, Czesław Pieniążek, Włościanin: czasopismo ilustrowane dla ludu, Budweiser, page 34:",
"text": "Ale cóż, gdyby był poszedł tam w to miejsce, jakie przystało honorowi i jego osobie, toby był musiał co dzień kilka i kilkanaście złotych wydać; to cóż on robił?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the pluperfect tense"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "past-cl"
},
"expansion": "[with past-tense clause]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"past-tense",
"clause"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, auxiliary, archaic, in the past tense) forms the pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"auxiliary",
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"past"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nie ma"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why is there only one bed in my room but two in hers?",
"text": "Dlaczego w moim pokoju jest tylko jedno łóżko, a w jej są dwa?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be, there be (indicates location)"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"there be",
"there be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be, there be (indicates location)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"Polish transitive verbs",
"Przemyśl Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The king ordered him to spend a night with a bear.",
"text": "Kázáł mu król, żeby był noc z niedźwiedziem.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of spędzać"
],
"links": [
[
"spędzać",
"spędzać#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Przemyśl) Synonym of spędzać"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "spędzać"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɘt͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɘt͡ɕ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘt͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "być"
}
Download raw JSONL data for być meaning in Polish (18.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"być"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "być",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: transitive, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"być"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "być",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.