"być" meaning in Polish

See być in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bɨt͡ɕ/, /ˈbɨt͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɨt͡ɕ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish być. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=3}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|być|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish być, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|być}} Inherited from Old Polish być Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf|indet=bywać}} być impf (indeterminate bywać) Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-być}} Forms: bywać [indeterminate], imperfective [table-tags], być [infinitive], jestem [first-person, present, singular], -(e)m [first-person, present, singular], jesteśmy [first-person, plural, present], -(e)śmy [first-person, plural, present], jesteś [present, second-person, singular], -(e)ś [present, second-person, singular], jesteście [plural, present, second-person], -(e)ście [plural, present, second-person], jest [present, singular, third-person], są [plural, present, third-person], byłem [first-person, masculine, past, singular], -(e)m był [first-person, masculine, past, singular], byłam [feminine, first-person, past, singular], -(e)m była [feminine, first-person, past, singular], byłom [first-person, neuter, past, singular], -(e)m było [first-person, neuter, past, singular], byliśmy [first-person, past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy byli [first-person, past, plural, virile], byłyśmy [first-person, nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy były [first-person, nonvirile, past, plural], byłeś [masculine, past, second-person, singular], -(e)ś był [masculine, past, second-person, singular], byłaś [feminine, past, second-person, singular], -(e)ś była [feminine, past, second-person, singular], byłoś [neuter, past, second-person, singular], -(e)ś było [neuter, past, second-person, singular], byliście [past, plural, second-person, virile], -(e)ście byli [past, plural, second-person, virile], byłyście [nonvirile, past, plural, second-person], -(e)ście były [nonvirile, past, plural, second-person], był [masculine, past, singular, third-person], była [feminine, past, singular, third-person], było [neuter, past, singular, third-person], byli [past, plural, third-person, virile], były [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], będę [first-person, future, singular], będziemy [first-person, future, plural], będziesz [future, second-person, singular], będziecie [future, plural, second-person], będzie [future, singular, third-person], będą [future, plural, third-person], byłbym [conditional, first-person, masculine, singular], bym był [conditional, first-person, masculine, singular], byłabym [conditional, feminine, first-person, singular], bym była [conditional, feminine, first-person, singular], byłobym [conditional, first-person, neuter, singular], bym było [conditional, first-person, neuter, singular], bylibyśmy [conditional, first-person, plural, virile], byśmy byli [conditional, first-person, plural, virile], byłybyśmy [conditional, first-person, nonvirile, plural], byśmy były [conditional, first-person, nonvirile, plural], byłbyś [conditional, masculine, second-person, singular], byś był [conditional, masculine, second-person, singular], byłabyś [conditional, feminine, second-person, singular], byś była [conditional, feminine, second-person, singular], byłobyś [conditional, neuter, second-person, singular], byś było [conditional, neuter, second-person, singular], bylibyście [conditional, plural, second-person, virile], byście byli [conditional, plural, second-person, virile], byłybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural, second-person], byście były [conditional, nonvirile, plural, second-person], byłby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by był [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], byłaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by była [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], byłoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by było [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], byliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by byli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], byłyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by były [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], niech będę [first-person, imperative, singular], bądźmy [first-person, imperative, plural], bądź [imperative, second-person, singular], bądźcie [imperative, plural, second-person], niech będzie [imperative, singular, third-person], niech będą [imperative, plural, third-person], będący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], będąca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], będące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], będący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], będące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], będąc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], bywszy [adverbial, anterior, participle], bycie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive, copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class [+nominative or instrumental] Tags: copulative, imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-być-pl-verb-D2O3YL9H
  2. (intransitive) to be auxilary verb used for predication [+adjective] Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-być-pl-verb-oD3VgB5c
  3. (intransitive) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [+infinitive or verb in past tense] Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-być-pl-verb-ipk1aYrz Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 34 35 18
  4. (archaic, intransitive) in past tense, forms pluperfect tense [+verb in past tense] Tags: archaic, imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-być-pl-verb-zSi7luHV Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 34 35 18
  5. (intransitive) to be indicates location, there be Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-być-pl-verb-NYYrhrno Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 34 35 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: bydło, byt, bawić, bywać
Derived forms: być w błędzie [imperfective], dobyć [perfective], dobywać [imperfective], nabyć [perfective], nabywać [imperfective], obyć [perfective], obywać [imperfective], odbyć [perfective], odbywać [imperfective], pobyć [perfective], pozbyć [perfective], pozbywać [imperfective], przebyć [perfective], przebywać [imperfective], przybyć [perfective], przybywać [imperfective], ubyć [perfective], ubywać [imperfective], wydobyć [perfective], wydobywać [imperfective], wyzbyć [perfective], wyzbywać [imperfective], zbyć [perfective], zbywać [imperfective], zdobyć [perfective], zdobywać [imperfective], zbyteczny, nabytek, pobyt, przybytek, ubytek, zbytek

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for być meaning in Polish (16.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "być w błędzie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "dobyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dobywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "nabyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "nabywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "obyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "obywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "odbyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "odbywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pobyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pozbyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "pozbywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przebyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przebywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przybyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przybywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ubyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ubywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wydobyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wydobywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyzbyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyzbywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zbyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zbywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zdobyć"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zdobywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "zbyteczny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nabytek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pobyt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "przybytek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ubytek"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "zbytek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "być",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish być",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "być"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish być",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish być.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bywać",
      "tags": [
        "indeterminate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-być",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "być",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jestem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m",
      "roman": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy",
      "roman": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś",
      "roman": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście",
      "roman": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądźmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądź",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądźcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będzie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bywszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "indet": "bywać"
      },
      "expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "być"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-conj-być"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bydło"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "byt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bawić"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bywać"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be indicates sameness or membership in a class [+nominative or instrumental]",
        "to be indicates sameness or membership in a class"
      ],
      "id": "en-być-pl-verb-D2O3YL9H",
      "links": [
        [
          "copulative",
          "copular verb"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class [+nominative or instrumental]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am tired.",
          "text": "Jestem zmęczona.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be auxilary verb used for predication [+adjective]",
        "to be auxilary verb used for predication"
      ],
      "id": "en-być-pl-verb-oD3VgB5c",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "predication",
          "predication#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be auxilary verb used for predication [+adjective]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 34 35 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [+infinitive or verb in past tense]",
        "in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en-być-pl-verb-ipk1aYrz",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [+infinitive or verb in past tense]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 34 35 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If you for example, Mr Rawski, had eaten everything that you earned, then you would not have collected a fortune.",
          "ref": "1859, Jean Jacques Rapet, Przewodnik moralności i ekonomii-politycznej dla użytku klass roboczych, Behr Bock, page 170",
          "text": "Gdybyś naprzykład, panie Rawski, był zjadł wszystko coś zarobił, to byś nie był zebrał majątku.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Nastusia, half-fallen, half-supported by the oak, with her eyes opened wide in a motionless manner, fixed in the direction where the hawk had successfully carried out its hunts, was panting terribly.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1869, Charles Edmond, translated by Edmund Chojecki, Alkhadar: uste̜p z dziejów ojców naszych, F.A. Brockhaus, page 231",
          "text": "Nastusia na pół osunięta, na pół wsparta na dębie, na pół omdlała, z oczyma szeroko, nieruchomie otwartemi, utkwionemi w stronę, gdzie jastrząb dokonał był pomyślnych swoich łowów, strasznie dyszała.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1871, Czesław Pieniążek, Włościanin: czasopismo ilustrowane dla ludu, Budweiser, page 34",
          "roman": "Oh well, if he had gone there into that place, as befitted his honour and his person, then he would have had to spend a few and a few dozen złoty; so what did he do?",
          "text": "Ale cóż, gdyby był poszedł tam w to miejsce, jakie przystało honorowi i jego osobie, toby był musiał co dzień kilka i kilkanaście złotych wydać; to cóż on robił?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in past tense, forms pluperfect tense [+verb in past tense]",
        "in past tense, forms pluperfect tense"
      ],
      "id": "en-być-pl-verb-zSi7luHV",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, intransitive) in past tense, forms pluperfect tense [+verb in past tense]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nie ma"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 34 35 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be indicates location, there be"
      ],
      "id": "en-być-pl-verb-NYYrhrno",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "there be",
          "there be"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be indicates location, there be"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "być"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨt͡ɕ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "być w błędzie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "dobyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dobywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "nabyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "nabywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "obyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "obywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "odbyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "odbywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pobyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pozbyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "pozbywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przebyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przebywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przybyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przybywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "ubyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "ubywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wydobyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wydobywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyzbyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "wyzbywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zbyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zbywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zdobyć"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zdobywać"
    },
    {
      "word": "zbyteczny"
    },
    {
      "word": "nabytek"
    },
    {
      "word": "pobyt"
    },
    {
      "word": "przybytek"
    },
    {
      "word": "ubytek"
    },
    {
      "word": "zbytek"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "być",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish być",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "być"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish być",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish być.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bywać",
      "tags": [
        "indeterminate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-być",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "być",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jestem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m",
      "roman": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy",
      "roman": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś",
      "roman": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jesteście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście",
      "roman": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "są",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by był",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by była",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by było",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by byli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by były",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądźmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądź",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bądźcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będzie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech będą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będąca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będąc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bywszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "indet": "bywać"
      },
      "expansion": "być impf (indeterminate bywać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "być"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-conj-być"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bydło"
    },
    {
      "word": "byt"
    },
    {
      "word": "bawić"
    },
    {
      "word": "bywać"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish copulative verbs",
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be indicates sameness or membership in a class [+nominative or instrumental]",
        "to be indicates sameness or membership in a class"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "copulative",
          "copular verb"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class [+nominative or instrumental]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs",
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am tired.",
          "text": "Jestem zmęczona.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be auxilary verb used for predication [+adjective]",
        "to be auxilary verb used for predication"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "predication",
          "predication#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be auxilary verb used for predication [+adjective]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [+infinitive or verb in past tense]",
        "in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [+infinitive or verb in past tense]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs",
        "Polish terms with archaic senses",
        "Polish terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Polish quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If you for example, Mr Rawski, had eaten everything that you earned, then you would not have collected a fortune.",
          "ref": "1859, Jean Jacques Rapet, Przewodnik moralności i ekonomii-politycznej dla użytku klass roboczych, Behr Bock, page 170",
          "text": "Gdybyś naprzykład, panie Rawski, był zjadł wszystko coś zarobił, to byś nie był zebrał majątku.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Nastusia, half-fallen, half-supported by the oak, with her eyes opened wide in a motionless manner, fixed in the direction where the hawk had successfully carried out its hunts, was panting terribly.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1869, Charles Edmond, translated by Edmund Chojecki, Alkhadar: uste̜p z dziejów ojców naszych, F.A. Brockhaus, page 231",
          "text": "Nastusia na pół osunięta, na pół wsparta na dębie, na pół omdlała, z oczyma szeroko, nieruchomie otwartemi, utkwionemi w stronę, gdzie jastrząb dokonał był pomyślnych swoich łowów, strasznie dyszała.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1871, Czesław Pieniążek, Włościanin: czasopismo ilustrowane dla ludu, Budweiser, page 34",
          "roman": "Oh well, if he had gone there into that place, as befitted his honour and his person, then he would have had to spend a few and a few dozen złoty; so what did he do?",
          "text": "Ale cóż, gdyby był poszedł tam w to miejsce, jakie przystało honorowi i jego osobie, toby był musiał co dzień kilka i kilkanaście złotych wydać; to cóż on robił?",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in past tense, forms pluperfect tense [+verb in past tense]",
        "in past tense, forms pluperfect tense"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, intransitive) in past tense, forms pluperfect tense [+verb in past tense]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nie ma"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be indicates location, there be"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "there be",
          "there be"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be indicates location, there be"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɨt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "być"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.