See erstwhile in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for erstwhile meaning in English (8.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "erst",
"3": "while",
"gloss1": "first, formerly"
},
"expansion": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "erstwhile (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Formerly; in the past."
],
"id": "en-erstwhile-en-adv-tVGkXpDe",
"links": [
[
"Formerly",
"formerly"
],
[
"past",
"past"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Formerly; in the past."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erewhile"
}
],
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"archaic",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɝst.waɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-erstwhile.oga",
"tags": [
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"3": "while",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
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"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "87 10 3",
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{
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"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "57 0 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Past",
"orig": "en:Past",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1964 November, P. F. Winding, “Re-shaping the LMR's North Western Line - 2”, in Modern Railways, page 343",
"text": "As an aftermath of the erstwhile competition between companies, 41 goods depots served the Liverpool and Birkenhead docks in 1923.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 October 14, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, in the Guardian",
"text": "Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Former, previous."
],
"id": "en-erstwhile-en-adj-OhMSgomG",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Former",
"former"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, law or India) Former, previous."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "former"
},
{
"word": "once"
},
{
"word": "previous"
},
{
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"word": "onetime"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"India",
"literary",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "əvvəlki"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ji⁵ cin⁴ ge³",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "以前嘅"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "過去嘅"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gwo³ heoi³ ge³",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "过去嘅"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "někdejší"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "vroeger"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "toenmalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "varhempi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "aiempi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "d’autrefois"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "fordums"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bylój",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "было́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "former, previous",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "пређашње"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "tidigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "förre"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "före detta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 November 1, Frank Bruni, quoting George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, in New York Times",
"text": "If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Respected, honourable."
],
"id": "en-erstwhile-en-adj-k7Y5XH40",
"links": [
[
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"respected"
],
[
"honourable",
"honourable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) Respected, honourable."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɝst.waɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "erstwhile"
}
{
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"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"en:Past"
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"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
"head_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "erstwhile (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Formerly; in the past."
],
"links": [
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"Formerly",
"formerly"
],
[
"past",
"past"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Formerly; in the past."
],
"tags": [
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"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɝst.waɪl/",
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"tags": [
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erewhile"
}
],
"word": "erstwhile"
}
{
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"English adjectives",
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"English compound terms",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"Indian English",
"en:Law"
],
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{
"ref": "1964 November, P. F. Winding, “Re-shaping the LMR's North Western Line - 2”, in Modern Railways, page 343",
"text": "As an aftermath of the erstwhile competition between companies, 41 goods depots served the Liverpool and Birkenhead docks in 1923.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 October 14, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, in the Guardian",
"text": "Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Former, previous."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Former",
"former"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, law or India) Former, previous."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "former"
},
{
"word": "once"
},
{
"word": "previous"
},
{
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"word": "onetime"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"India",
"literary",
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999 November 1, Frank Bruni, quoting George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, in New York Times",
"text": "If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Respected, honourable."
],
"links": [
[
"Respected",
"respected"
],
[
"honourable",
"honourable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) Respected, honourable."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
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{
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"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɝst.waɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "əvvəlki"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ji⁵ cin⁴ ge³",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "以前嘅"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "過去嘅"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gwo³ heoi³ ge³",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "过去嘅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "bývalý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "někdejší"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "voormalig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "vroeger"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "toenmalig"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "antaŭa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "varhempi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "entinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "aiempi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "ancien"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "d’autrefois"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "vormalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "ehemalig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "früher"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "fordums"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "były"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "anterior"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bylój",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "было́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "préžnij",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "пре́жний"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "former, previous",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "пређашње"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "tidigare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "föregående"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "förre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "former, previous",
"word": "före detta"
}
],
"word": "erstwhile"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.