"erstwhile" meaning in All languages combined

See erstwhile on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/ [UK], /ˈɝst.waɪl/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav , En-us-erstwhile.oga
Etymology: From erst (“first, formerly”) + while. Etymology templates: {{affix|en|erst|while|gloss1=first, formerly}} erst (“first, formerly”) + while Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} erstwhile (not comparable)
  1. (literary, law or India) Former, previous. Tags: India, literary, not-comparable Categories (topical): Law, Past Synonyms: former, once, previous, quondam, onetime, former Translations (former, previous): əvvəlki (Azerbaijani), 以前嘅 (ji⁵ cin⁴ ge³) (Chinese Cantonese), 過去嘅 (Chinese Cantonese), 过去嘅 (gwo³ heoi³ ge³) (Chinese Cantonese), bývalý (Czech), někdejší (Czech), voormalig (Dutch), vroeger (Dutch), toenmalig (Dutch), antaŭa (Esperanto), varhempi (Finnish), entinen (Finnish), aiempi (Finnish), ancien (French), d’autrefois (French), vormalig (German), ehemalig (German), früher (German), fordums (Norwegian), były (Polish), dawny (Polish), anterior (Portuguese), было́й (bylój) (Russian), пре́жний (préžnij) (Russian), пређашње [common-gender] (Serbo-Croatian), tidigare (Swedish), föregående (Swedish), förre (Swedish), före detta (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-erstwhile-en-adj-OhMSgomG Disambiguation of Past: 57 0 43 Categories (other): Indian English, English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Norwegian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 87 10 3 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 85 10 4 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 81 13 6 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 89 7 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 83 10 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 81 11 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 84 10 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 77 16 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 88 8 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 83 10 7 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 79 16 5 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 77 14 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian translations: 84 10 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 79 14 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 84 10 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 86 9 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 83 10 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 84 10 6 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'former, previous': 99 1
  2. (proscribed) Respected, honourable. Tags: not-comparable, proscribed
    Sense id: en-erstwhile-en-adj-k7Y5XH40

Adverb [English]

IPA: /ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/ [UK], /ˈɝst.waɪl/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav , En-us-erstwhile.oga
Etymology: From erst (“first, formerly”) + while. Etymology templates: {{affix|en|erst|while|gloss1=first, formerly}} erst (“first, formerly”) + while Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} erstwhile (not comparable)
  1. Formerly; in the past. Tags: not-comparable Synonyms: erewhile
    Sense id: en-erstwhile-en-adv-tVGkXpDe

Alternative forms

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          "ref": "1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Disappearance of Count Collini”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:",
          "text": "“Scarcely had Alice reached her twentieth birthday, than she gave her erstwhile fiancée^([sic]) his formal congé.[…]”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1964 November, P. F. Winding, “Re-shaping the LMR's North Western Line - 2”, in Modern Railways, page 343:",
          "text": "As an aftermath of the erstwhile competition between companies, 41 goods depots served the Liverpool and Birkenhead docks in 1923.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
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          "ref": "2017 October 14, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, in the Guardian:",
          "text": "Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.",
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        },
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          "word": "previous"
        },
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          "word": "quondam"
        },
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          "word": "onetime"
        },
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        }
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        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "əvvəlki"
        },
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          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "ji⁵ cin⁴ ge³",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "以前嘅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "過去嘅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "gwo³ heoi³ ge³",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "过去嘅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "bývalý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "někdejší"
        },
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          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "voormalig"
        },
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          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "vroeger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "toenmalig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "antaŭa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "varhempi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "entinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "aiempi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "ancien"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "d’autrefois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "vormalig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "ehemalig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "früher"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "fordums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "były"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "dawny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "anterior"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "bylój",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "было́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "préžnij",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "пре́жний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "пређашње"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "tidigare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "föregående"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "förre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "former, previous",
          "word": "före detta"
        }
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        {
          "ref": "1999 November 1, Frank Bruni, quoting George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, in New York Times:",
          "text": "If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.",
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      ],
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  "synonyms": [
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  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "erst",
        "3": "while",
        "gloss1": "first, formerly"
      },
      "expansion": "erst (“first, formerly”) + while",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From erst (“first, formerly”) + while.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "erstwhile (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English literary terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Indian English",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Disappearance of Count Collini”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:",
          "text": "“Scarcely had Alice reached her twentieth birthday, than she gave her erstwhile fiancée^([sic]) his formal congé.[…]”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1964 November, P. F. Winding, “Re-shaping the LMR's North Western Line - 2”, in Modern Railways, page 343:",
          "text": "As an aftermath of the erstwhile competition between companies, 41 goods depots served the Liverpool and Birkenhead docks in 1923.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017 October 14, Paul Doyle, “Mauricio Pellegrino yet to find attacking solution for stuttering Southampton”, in the Guardian:",
          "text": "Other erstwhile stalwarts are also wavering. Southampton had two of the best full-backs in the league last season but Ryan Bertrand has been below par this season and Cédric Soares made an uncharacteristic lapse that led to Stoke’s winning goal in Southampton’s last outing.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Former, previous."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "Former",
          "former"
        ],
        [
          "previous",
          "previous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary, law or India) Former, previous."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "former"
        },
        {
          "word": "once"
        },
        {
          "word": "previous"
        },
        {
          "word": "quondam"
        },
        {
          "word": "onetime"
        },
        {
          "word": "former"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "India",
        "literary",
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English proscribed terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1999 November 1, Frank Bruni, quoting George W. Bush, “For Bush, an Adjustable Speech Of Tested Themes and Phrases”, in New York Times:",
          "text": "If you're for one of my erstwhile opponents, that's O.K. Just don't work too hard.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Respected, honourable."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Respected",
          "respected"
        ],
        [
          "honourable",
          "honourable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(proscribed) Respected, honourable."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "proscribed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-erstwhile.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝst.waɪl/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-erstwhile.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/En-us-erstwhile.oga/En-us-erstwhile.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/En-us-erstwhile.oga"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "əvvəlki"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "ji⁵ cin⁴ ge³",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "以前嘅"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "過去嘅"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gwo³ heoi³ ge³",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "过去嘅"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "bývalý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "někdejší"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "voormalig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "vroeger"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "toenmalig"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "antaŭa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "varhempi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "entinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "aiempi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "ancien"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "d’autrefois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "vormalig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "ehemalig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "früher"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "fordums"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "były"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "dawny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "anterior"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "bylój",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "было́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "préžnij",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "пре́жний"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "пређашње"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "tidigare"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "föregående"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "förre"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "former, previous",
      "word": "före detta"
    }
  ],
  "word": "erstwhile"
}

Download raw JSONL data for erstwhile meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.