See whilom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"3": "whilom",
"t": "(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”)",
"name": "inh"
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"1": "quilum, whileme, whilen, whilene, whilome, whilon, whilum, whilumm, whylom, whylome, whylon, whylum, (Kent) hwilem, wilem, (Scotland) qhilom, quhilom, quhilum, quhylum, qwhilom, qwhilum, qwhylum, qwylum, (Southwest England) ʒwilene, ʒwuilene, (Early Middle English) hwilan, hwilem, hwilen, hwilon, hwilum, hwylem, hwylen, wilen, wylem, ȝwilene",
"otherforms": "1"
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"name": "inh"
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwīlō",
"t": "period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"t": "to rest; peace, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
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"name": "col-top"
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"name": "cog"
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"2": "wīlen"
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"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
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"expansion": "Middle Dutch wilen",
"name": "cog"
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"1": "gml",
"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
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"categories": [
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"_dis": "20 3 18 6 14 21 19",
"kind": "topical",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 1:",
"text": "Lo I the man, vvhoſe Muſe vvhilome did maske, / As time her taught, in lowly Sheapards vveeds, / Am novv enforſt a far unfitter taske, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, “Of Sumptuarie Lawes, or Lawes for Moderating of Expences”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 145:",
"text": "VVith ſuch an invention [a sumptuary law] did Zelevcus vvhilome correct the corrupted maners of the Locrines.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "In Northern Clime a valorous Knight / Did whilom kill his Bear in fight, / And wound a Fidler: we have both / Of these the objects of our Wroth / And equal Fame and Glory from / Th' Attempt or Victory to come.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1678 (date written; published 1682), J[ohn] Dryden, “Mac Flecknoe”, in Mac Flecknoe: A Poem. […] With Spencer’s Ghost: Being a Satyr Concerning Poetry. […], London: […] H[enry] Hills, […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 4:",
"text": "My vvarbling Lute, the Lute I vvhilom ſtrung / VVhen to King John of Portugal I ſung, / VVas but the Prelude to that glorious Day, / VVhen thou on Silver Thames did'ſt cut thy vvay, / VVith vvell-tim'd Oars before the Royal Barge, / Svvell'd vvith the Pride of thy Celeſtial charge; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1749, Henry Fielding, “In which the History Goes Backward”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, pages 66–67:",
"text": "The Squire himſelf novv ſallied forth, and begun to roar forth the Name of Sophia loudly, and in as hoarſe a Voice, as vvhileom did Hercules that of Hylas: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Fifth: To George Ellis, Esq.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, page 231:",
"text": "They who whilome, in midnight fight, / Had marvelled at her matchless might, / No less her maiden charms approved, / But looking liked, and liking loved.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The Downs—The Entrenchment—Ways of Larks. Hares—A Combat—Happiness of Animals. Ants—A Long Journey.”, in Wild Life in a Southern County […], London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Holding it [the skull of a hare] in the hand the shadow falls into and darkens the cavities once filled by the wistful eyes which whilom glanced down from the summit here upon the sweet clover fields beneath.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At some time in the past; formerly, once upon a time."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-adv-qbq0YKE2",
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"formerly"
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"once upon a time",
"once upon a time"
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"qualifier": "archaic except literary",
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"(archaic except literary) At some time in the past; formerly, once upon a time."
],
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"word": "formerly"
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"tags": [
"not-comparable"
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"ref": "a. 1599 (date written), Alexander Montgomery [i.e., Alexander Montgomerie], “An Admonitioun to Zoung Lassis”, in David Irving, editor, The Poems of Alexander Montgomery: […], Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for W[illiam] and C[harles] Tait, […], published 1821, →OCLC, page 222:",
"text": "Wald ze be lov'd, this lessone mon ze leir; / Flie vhylome Love, and it will folou thee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At times, on occasion, sometimes."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-adv-lk5GgmLb",
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"at times"
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"on occasion",
"on occasion"
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"sometimes#Adverb"
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"(obsolete)",
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"ref": "1610–1616 (date written), Iohn Fletcher [i.e., John Fletcher], Monsieur Thomas. A Comedy. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Iohn Waterson, […], published 1639, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, signature I2, verso:",
"text": "This money I do give ye, becauſe of vvhilom / You have bin thought my ſonne, and by myſelfe too, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Preceded by of or this: for some time that has passed."
],
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"(obsolete)",
"(rare) Preceded by of or this: for some time that has passed."
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete",
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
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"tags": [
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{
"ipa": "/ˈʍaɪ-/",
"tags": [
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"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
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"name": "inh"
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{
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wīlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
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"1": "dum",
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
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"pos": "adj",
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"_dis": "30 4 11 11 18 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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{
"ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Death”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume III (The Guillotine), London: James Fraser, […], →OCLC, book V (Terror the Order of the Day), page 290:",
"text": "On the same day, two notable Female Prisoners are also put in ward there: Dame Dubarry and Josephine Beauharnais! Dame whilom Countess Dubarry, Unfortunate-female, had returned from London; they snatched her, not only as Ex-harlot of a whilom Majesty, and therefore suspect; but as having 'furnished the Emigrants with money.'",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1879, J[ohn] P[entland] Mahaffy, “His Plots”, in John Richard Green, editor, Euripides (Classical Writers), London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, paragraph 43, page 60:",
"text": "The play must have appeared during the closing years of the Peloponnesian war, and must have been fresh in men's memory, when, as Plutarch tells us (Life of Lysander, c. 15), the deliberations about the fate of conquered Athens were determined by a Phocian actor singing the opening monody, which moved all to pity by its picture of a whilom princess reduced to miserable poverty.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1909, Henry James, “Mora Montravers. Chapter V.”, in The Finer Grain, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published October 1910, →OCLC, page 99:",
"text": "[S]he was expecting to be joined there by no such pale fellow-adventurer as her whilom uncle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At some time in the past; former, sometime."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-adj-GXKE6BA~",
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[
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[
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[
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],
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"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic except literary) At some time in the past; former, sometime."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: deceased, late."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-adj-NBlhDkEp",
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[
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[
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"late#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Of a person: deceased, late."
],
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{
"word": "dead"
}
],
"tags": [
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{
"args": {
"1": "quilum, whileme, whilen, whilene, whilome, whilon, whilum, whilumm, whylom, whylome, whylon, whylum, (Kent) hwilem, wilem, (Scotland) qhilom, quhilom, quhilum, quhylum, qwhilom, qwhilum, qwhylum, qwylum, (Southwest England) ʒwilene, ʒwuilene, (Early Middle English) hwilan, hwilem, hwilen, hwilon, hwilum, hwylem, hwylen, wilen, wylem, ȝwilene",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dative"
},
"expansion": "dative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwīlō",
"t": "period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"t": "to rest; peace, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hwīlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hwīlōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wīlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wilen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whilom",
"name": "en-con"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "archaic",
"3": "except",
"4": "Britain",
"5": "dialectal",
"6": "and",
"7": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(archaic except British, dialectal and literary)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"whil‧om"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 3 18 6 14 21 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "en:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:",
"text": "Subjects their King, the King his Subjects greets, / VVhilome the Scepter and the Plough-ſtaffe meets.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"During the same time that; while."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-conj-P45SPdVd",
"links": [
[
"During",
"during"
],
[
"same",
"same#Adjective"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"while",
"while#Conjunction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "while"
}
]
},
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"_dis": "20 3 18 6 14 21 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
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"orig": "en:Time",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Up to the time that; till, until."
],
"id": "en-whilom-en-conj-ks6xLObr",
"links": [
[
"till",
"till#Conjunction"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "until"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʍaɪ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "whilome"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "whilom"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English adverbs",
"English archaic terms",
"English conjunctions",
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English terms containing fossilized case endings",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷyeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
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"Rhymes:English/aɪləm/2 syllables",
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"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "whilom",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dative"
},
"expansion": "dative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwīlō",
"t": "period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"t": "to rest; peace, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hwīlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hwīlōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wīlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wilen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "whilom (not comparable)",
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}
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"hyphenation": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 1:",
"text": "Lo I the man, vvhoſe Muſe vvhilome did maske, / As time her taught, in lowly Sheapards vveeds, / Am novv enforſt a far unfitter taske, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, “Of Sumptuarie Lawes, or Lawes for Moderating of Expences”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 145:",
"text": "VVith ſuch an invention [a sumptuary law] did Zelevcus vvhilome correct the corrupted maners of the Locrines.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto I.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 26:",
"text": "In Northern Clime a valorous Knight / Did whilom kill his Bear in fight, / And wound a Fidler: we have both / Of these the objects of our Wroth / And equal Fame and Glory from / Th' Attempt or Victory to come.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1678 (date written; published 1682), J[ohn] Dryden, “Mac Flecknoe”, in Mac Flecknoe: A Poem. […] With Spencer’s Ghost: Being a Satyr Concerning Poetry. […], London: […] H[enry] Hills, […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 4:",
"text": "My vvarbling Lute, the Lute I vvhilom ſtrung / VVhen to King John of Portugal I ſung, / VVas but the Prelude to that glorious Day, / VVhen thou on Silver Thames did'ſt cut thy vvay, / VVith vvell-tim'd Oars before the Royal Barge, / Svvell'd vvith the Pride of thy Celeſtial charge; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1749, Henry Fielding, “In which the History Goes Backward”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII, pages 66–67:",
"text": "The Squire himſelf novv ſallied forth, and begun to roar forth the Name of Sophia loudly, and in as hoarſe a Voice, as vvhileom did Hercules that of Hylas: […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Fifth: To George Ellis, Esq.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, page 231:",
"text": "They who whilome, in midnight fight, / Had marvelled at her matchless might, / No less her maiden charms approved, / But looking liked, and liking loved.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The Downs—The Entrenchment—Ways of Larks. Hares—A Combat—Happiness of Animals. Ants—A Long Journey.”, in Wild Life in a Southern County […], London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "Holding it [the skull of a hare] in the hand the shadow falls into and darkens the cavities once filled by the wistful eyes which whilom glanced down from the summit here upon the sweet clover fields beneath.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At some time in the past; formerly, once upon a time."
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"past",
"past#Noun"
],
[
"formerly",
"formerly"
],
[
"once upon a time",
"once upon a time"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic except literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic except literary) At some time in the past; formerly, once upon a time."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "formerly"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1599 (date written), Alexander Montgomery [i.e., Alexander Montgomerie], “An Admonitioun to Zoung Lassis”, in David Irving, editor, The Poems of Alexander Montgomery: […], Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for W[illiam] and C[harles] Tait, […], published 1821, →OCLC, page 222:",
"text": "Wald ze be lov'd, this lessone mon ze leir; / Flie vhylome Love, and it will folou thee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At times, on occasion, sometimes."
],
"links": [
[
"At times",
"at times"
],
[
"on occasion",
"on occasion"
],
[
"sometimes",
"sometimes#Adverb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"At times, on occasion, sometimes."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "occasionally"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610–1616 (date written), Iohn Fletcher [i.e., John Fletcher], Monsieur Thomas. A Comedy. […], London: […] Thomas Harper, for Iohn Waterson, […], published 1639, →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, signature I2, verso:",
"text": "This money I do give ye, becauſe of vvhilom / You have bin thought my ſonne, and by myſelfe too, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Preceded by of or this: for some time that has passed."
],
"links": [
[
"of",
"of#Preposition"
],
[
"this",
"this#Determiner"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"passed",
"pass#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"(rare) Preceded by of or this: for some time that has passed."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
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]
},
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{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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}
],
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{
"tags": [
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],
"word": "whilome"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "whilom"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English literary terms",
"English terms containing fossilized case endings",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷyeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləm",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləm/2 syllables",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"otherforms": "1"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwīlō",
"t": "period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"t": "to rest; peace, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hwīlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hwīlōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wīlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wilen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "whilom (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"whil‧om"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Death”, in The French Revolution: A History […], volume III (The Guillotine), London: James Fraser, […], →OCLC, book V (Terror the Order of the Day), page 290:",
"text": "On the same day, two notable Female Prisoners are also put in ward there: Dame Dubarry and Josephine Beauharnais! Dame whilom Countess Dubarry, Unfortunate-female, had returned from London; they snatched her, not only as Ex-harlot of a whilom Majesty, and therefore suspect; but as having 'furnished the Emigrants with money.'",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1879, J[ohn] P[entland] Mahaffy, “His Plots”, in John Richard Green, editor, Euripides (Classical Writers), London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, paragraph 43, page 60:",
"text": "The play must have appeared during the closing years of the Peloponnesian war, and must have been fresh in men's memory, when, as Plutarch tells us (Life of Lysander, c. 15), the deliberations about the fate of conquered Athens were determined by a Phocian actor singing the opening monody, which moved all to pity by its picture of a whilom princess reduced to miserable poverty.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1909, Henry James, “Mora Montravers. Chapter V.”, in The Finer Grain, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published October 1910, →OCLC, page 99:",
"text": "[S]he was expecting to be joined there by no such pale fellow-adventurer as her whilom uncle.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"At some time in the past; former, sometime."
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"past",
"past#Noun"
],
[
"former",
"former#Adjective"
],
[
"sometime",
"sometime#Adjective"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic except literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic except literary) At some time in the past; former, sometime."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erstwhile"
},
{
"word": "quondam"
},
{
"word": "former"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: deceased, late."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"deceased",
"deceased#Adjective"
],
[
"late",
"late#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Of a person: deceased, late."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dead"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-whilom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʍaɪ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "whilome"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "whilom"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English archaic terms",
"English conjunctions",
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English terms containing fossilized case endings",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷyeh₁-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləm",
"Rhymes:English/aɪləm/2 syllables",
"en:Time"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whilom",
"t": "(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "quilum, whileme, whilen, whilene, whilome, whilon, whilum, whilumm, whylom, whylome, whylon, whylum, (Kent) hwilem, wilem, (Scotland) qhilom, quhilom, quhilum, quhylum, qwhilom, qwhilum, qwhylum, qwylum, (Southwest England) ʒwilene, ʒwuilene, (Early Middle English) hwilan, hwilem, hwilen, hwilon, hwilum, hwylem, hwylen, wilen, wylem, ȝwilene",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwīlum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dative"
},
"expansion": "dative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwīlō",
"t": "period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷyeh₁-",
"t": "to rest; peace, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hwīlōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hwīlōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wīlen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German wīlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weiland",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "German weiland (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hwīlon",
"t": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wilen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch wilen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wilen",
"t": "at one time, formerly"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijlen",
"t": "deceased, late"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whilom (“(adverb) at one time, formerly, once; once upon a time; at times, sometimes; at a future time; (conjunction) while”) [and other forms], from Old English hwīlum, hwīlan, hwīlon (“at one time, once; sometimes”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlum, the dative plural of *hwīlu (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“period of time, time, while; period of rest, pause”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest; peace, rest”).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary regards adverb sense 2.2 (“for some time that has passed”) as “aberrant”.\nCognates\n* Old High German hwīlōn (Middle High German wīlen, wīlent, German weiland (“at one time, formerly”))\n* Old Saxon hwīlon (“sometimes”) (Middle Dutch wilen, Middle Low German wilen (“at one time, formerly”), Dutch wijlen (“deceased, late”))",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whilom",
"name": "en-con"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "archaic",
"3": "except",
"4": "Britain",
"5": "dialectal",
"6": "and",
"7": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(archaic except British, dialectal and literary)",
"name": "term-label"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"whil‧om"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:",
"text": "Subjects their King, the King his Subjects greets, / VVhilome the Scepter and the Plough-ſtaffe meets.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"During the same time that; while."
],
"links": [
[
"During",
"during"
],
[
"same",
"same#Adjective"
],
[
"time",
"time#Noun"
],
[
"while",
"while#Conjunction"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "while"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Up to the time that; till, until."
],
"links": [
[
"till",
"till#Conjunction"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "until"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-whilom.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-whilom.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaɪləm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʍaɪ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪləm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "whilome"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "whilom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for whilom meaning in English (24.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.