See cowardly in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cowardly meaning in English (19.2kB)
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "*cowardly", "pos": "adjective" }, "expansion": "Middle English *cowardly (adjective)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "cowardly", "pos": "adverb" }, "expansion": "cowardly (adverb)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "coward", "3": "ly", "id2": "adjectival" }, "expansion": "coward + -ly", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "earg" }, "expansion": "Old English earg", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English *cowardly (adjective) and cowardly (adverb), equivalent to coward + -ly. Displaced native Old English earg.", "forms": [ { "form": "cowardlier", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "more cowardly", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "cowardliest", "tags": [ "superlative" ] }, { "form": "most cowardly", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "er", "2": "more" }, "expansion": "cowardly (comparative cowardlier or more cowardly, superlative cowardliest or most cowardly)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "99 1", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "97 3", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "99 1", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Fear", "orig": "en:Fear", "parents": [ "Emotions", "Mind", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "92 8", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Personality", "orig": "en:Personality", "parents": [ "Mind", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "cowardlily" }, { "word": "cowardly lion" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "1780, Edmund Burke, speech at The Guildhall, in Bristol\nThe cowardly rashness of those who dare not look danger in the face." } ], "glosses": [ "Showing cowardice; lacking in courage; weakly fearful." ], "id": "en-cowardly-en-adj-LxHGo~aR", "links": [ [ "cowardice", "cowardice" ], [ "fearful", "fearful" ] ], "related": [ { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "shy" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "timorous" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "afraid" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "coward" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "cowardice" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "cowardly" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "chicken" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "chicken-hearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "cowardly" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "craven" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "dastardly" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "fainthearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "fearful" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "gutless" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "hen-hearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "Singlish" ], "word": "kiasi" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "lily-livered" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "milky" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "mousy" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "niddering" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "nidering" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "niding" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "nithing" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "poor-spirited" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "pusillanimous" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "timid" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "weak-kneed" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "yellow" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "yellow-bellied" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jabān", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "جَبَان" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "gabān", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic" ], "word": "جبان" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "vaxkot", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "վախկոտ" }, { "code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "qorxaq" }, { "code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "qurqaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ҡурҡаҡ" }, { "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "koldar" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bajazlívy", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "баязлі́вы" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strahlív", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "страхли́в" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "mekušáv", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "мекуша́в" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "covard" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "膽小" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎnxiǎo", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "胆小" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "膽怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎnqiè, dǎnquè", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "胆怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nuòqiè", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "懦怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nuòruò", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "懦弱" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "zbabělý" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "fej" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "laf" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "malkuraĝa" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "senkuraĝa" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "poltrona" }, { "code": "eo", "english": "cowardly and ignoble", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "kovarda" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "pelkurimainen" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "raukkamainen" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "lâche" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "veule" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bas" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feige" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "deilós", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "δειλός" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "deilós", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "δειλός" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ásplankhnos", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ἄσπλαγχνος" }, { "code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kāyar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "કાયર" }, { "code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "bīkaṇ", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "બીકણ" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kāyar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कायर" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ḍarpok", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "डरपोक" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "gyáva" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "huglaus" }, { "code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "arka" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "meata" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "codardo" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "pusillanime" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "vigliacco" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "vile" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hetare", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "へたれ" }, { "alt": "おくびょうな", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okubyō na", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "臆病な" }, { "code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "qorqaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "қорқақ" }, { "code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmsaak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "កំសាក" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "geob-i manta", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "겁이 많다" }, { "code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "korkok", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "коркок" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "īgnāvus" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "plašliv", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "плашлив" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kukavički", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "кукавички" }, { "code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "faitagh" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "hūngoingoi" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "coward" }, { "code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "ajmxaj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "аймхай" }, { "code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "xulčgar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "хулчгар" }, { "code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "lâche" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "earg" }, { "code": "inc-opa", "lang": "Old Punjabi", "roman": "kāiru", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ਕਾਇਰੁ" }, { "code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yüreksiz", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "یوركسز" }, { "code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "tabansız", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "طبانسز" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "asūra" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bhīru" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bhīruka" }, { "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "tarsu", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ترسو" }, { "code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "enjstlich" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "tchórzliwy" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "covarde" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "cobarde" }, { "code": "inc-pra", "lang": "Prakrit", "roman": "kāyara", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kāira", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ਕਾਇਰ" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kā'ir", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "کائر" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "laș" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "fricos" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "mișel" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "truslívyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "трусли́вый" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "malodúšnyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "малоду́шный" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kātara", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कातर" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kāpuruṣa", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कापुरुष" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhīru", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "भीरु" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "ку̏кавички" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Roman" ], "word": "kȕkavički" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "zbabelý" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "strahopeten" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "cobarde" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feg" }, { "code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "qurkak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "куркак" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kîi-klàat", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขี้ขลาด" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขี้กลัว" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gluua", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "กลัว" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "klàat", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขลาด" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "korkak" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojahúzlyvyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боягу́зливий" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojazkýj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боязки́й" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojazlývyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боязли́вий" }, { "code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qorqunchaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "قورقۇنچاق" }, { "code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "qoʻrqoq" }, { "code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "yuraksiz" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "dredöfik" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "pakhdonish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "פּחדניש" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkaʊədli/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "Southern-England" ], "text": "Audio (Southern England)" } ], "word": "cowardly" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "*cowardly", "pos": "adjective" }, "expansion": "Middle English *cowardly (adjective)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "cowardly", "pos": "adverb" }, "expansion": "cowardly (adverb)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "coward", "3": "ly", "id2": "adjectival" }, "expansion": "coward + -ly", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "earg" }, "expansion": "Old English earg", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English *cowardly (adjective) and cowardly (adverb), equivalent to coward + -ly. Displaced native Old English earg.", "forms": [ { "form": "more cowardly", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "most cowardly", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "cowardly (comparative more cowardly, superlative most cowardly)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1828, John Paul, A Refutation of Arianism, page 20", "text": "[…] men who cowardly and hypocritically subscribe orthodox creeds, whilst they teach a different kind of doctrine!", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "In the manner of a coward, cowardlily." ], "id": "en-cowardly-en-adv-J4YHWBH0", "links": [ [ "cowardlily", "cowardlily" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) In the manner of a coward, cowardlily." ], "tags": [ "archaic" ], "translations": [ { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "covardament" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "fej" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "kujonagtig" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "krysteragtig" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "pelkurimaisesti" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "raukkamaisesti" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "lâchement" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feige" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "gyáván" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "vigliaccamente" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "pusillanimamente" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "vilmente" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hetare", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "へたれ" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cowardly" }, { "code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "lâchement" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "covardemente" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cobardemente" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "laș" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "truslívo", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "трусли́во" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "malodúšno", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "малоду́шно" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cobardemente" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "dredöfo" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "dredöfiko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "dredöfaniko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hidredöfaniko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jidredöfaniko" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkaʊədli/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "Southern-England" ], "text": "Audio (Southern England)" } ], "word": "cowardly" }
{ "categories": [ "English 3-syllable words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)", "English terms with IPA pronunciation", "English terms with audio links", "en:Fear", "en:Personality" ], "derived": [ { "word": "cowardlily" }, { "word": "cowardly lion" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "*cowardly", "pos": "adjective" }, "expansion": "Middle English *cowardly (adjective)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "cowardly", "pos": "adverb" }, "expansion": "cowardly (adverb)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "coward", "3": "ly", "id2": "adjectival" }, "expansion": "coward + -ly", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "earg" }, "expansion": "Old English earg", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English *cowardly (adjective) and cowardly (adverb), equivalent to coward + -ly. Displaced native Old English earg.", "forms": [ { "form": "cowardlier", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "more cowardly", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "cowardliest", "tags": [ "superlative" ] }, { "form": "most cowardly", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "er", "2": "more" }, "expansion": "cowardly (comparative cowardlier or more cowardly, superlative cowardliest or most cowardly)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "shy" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "timorous" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "afraid" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "coward" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "cowardice" } ], "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "1780, Edmund Burke, speech at The Guildhall, in Bristol\nThe cowardly rashness of those who dare not look danger in the face." } ], "glosses": [ "Showing cowardice; lacking in courage; weakly fearful." ], "links": [ [ "cowardice", "cowardice" ], [ "fearful", "fearful" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "cowardly" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkaʊədli/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "Southern-England" ], "text": "Audio (Southern England)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "chicken" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "chicken-hearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "cowardly" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "craven" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "dastardly" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "fainthearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "fearful" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "gutless" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "hen-hearted" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "Singlish" ], "word": "kiasi" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "lily-livered" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "milky" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "mousy" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "niddering" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "nidering" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "niding" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "tags": [ "archaic" ], "word": "nithing" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "poor-spirited" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "pusillanimous" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "timid" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "weak-kneed" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "yellow" }, { "source": "Thesaurus:cowardly", "word": "yellow-bellied" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "jabān", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "جَبَان" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "gabān", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic" ], "word": "جبان" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "vaxkot", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "վախկոտ" }, { "code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "qorxaq" }, { "code": "ba", "lang": "Bashkir", "roman": "qurqaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ҡурҡаҡ" }, { "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "koldar" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bajazlívy", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "баязлі́вы" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "strahlív", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "страхли́в" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "mekušáv", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "мекуша́в" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "covard" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "膽小" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎnxiǎo", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "胆小" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "膽怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "dǎnqiè, dǎnquè", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "胆怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nuòqiè", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "懦怯" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "nuòruò", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "懦弱" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "zbabělý" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "fej" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "laf" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "malkuraĝa" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "senkuraĝa" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "poltrona" }, { "code": "eo", "english": "cowardly and ignoble", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "kovarda" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "pelkurimainen" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "raukkamainen" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "lâche" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "veule" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bas" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feige" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "deilós", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "δειλός" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "deilós", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "δειλός" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "ásplankhnos", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ἄσπλαγχνος" }, { "code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "kāyar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "કાયર" }, { "code": "gu", "lang": "Gujarati", "roman": "bīkaṇ", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "બીકણ" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "kāyar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कायर" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ḍarpok", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "डरपोक" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "gyáva" }, { "code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "huglaus" }, { "code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "arka" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "meata" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "codardo" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "pusillanime" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "vigliacco" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "vile" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hetare", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "へたれ" }, { "alt": "おくびょうな", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okubyō na", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "臆病な" }, { "code": "kk", "lang": "Kazakh", "roman": "qorqaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "қорқақ" }, { "code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmsaak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "កំសាក" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "geob-i manta", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "겁이 많다" }, { "code": "ky", "lang": "Kyrgyz", "roman": "korkok", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "коркок" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "īgnāvus" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "plašliv", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "плашлив" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "kukavički", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "кукавички" }, { "code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "faitagh" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "hūngoingoi" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "coward" }, { "code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "ajmxaj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "аймхай" }, { "code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "xulčgar", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "хулчгар" }, { "code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "lâche" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "earg" }, { "code": "inc-opa", "lang": "Old Punjabi", "roman": "kāiru", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ਕਾਇਰੁ" }, { "code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "yüreksiz", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "یوركسز" }, { "code": "ota", "lang": "Ottoman Turkish", "roman": "tabansız", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "طبانسز" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "asūra" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bhīru" }, { "code": "pi", "lang": "Pali", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "bhīruka" }, { "code": "fa", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "tarsu", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ترسو" }, { "code": "pdt", "lang": "Plautdietsch", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "enjstlich" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "tchórzliwy" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "covarde" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "cobarde" }, { "code": "inc-pra", "lang": "Prakrit", "roman": "kāyara", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀭" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kāira", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ਕਾਇਰ" }, { "code": "pa", "lang": "Punjabi", "roman": "kā'ir", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "کائر" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "laș" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "fricos" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "mișel" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "truslívyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "трусли́вый" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "malodúšnyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "малоду́шный" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kātara", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कातर" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "kāpuruṣa", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "कापुरुष" }, { "code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhīru", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "भीरु" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ], "word": "ку̏кавички" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "showing cowardice", "tags": [ "Roman" ], "word": "kȕkavički" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "zbabelý" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "strahopeten" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "cobarde" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "feg" }, { "code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "qurkak", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "куркак" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kîi-klàat", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขี้ขลาด" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขี้กลัว" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gluua", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "กลัว" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "klàat", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "ขลาด" }, { "code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "korkak" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojahúzlyvyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боягу́зливий" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojazkýj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боязки́й" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "bojazlývyj", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "боязли́вий" }, { "code": "ug", "lang": "Uyghur", "roman": "qorqunchaq", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "قورقۇنچاق" }, { "code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "qoʻrqoq" }, { "code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "yuraksiz" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "dredöfik" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "pakhdonish", "sense": "showing cowardice", "word": "פּחדניש" } ], "word": "cowardly" } { "categories": [ "English 3-syllable words", "English adjectives", "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival)", "English terms with IPA pronunciation", "English terms with audio links", "en:Fear", "en:Personality" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "*cowardly", "pos": "adjective" }, "expansion": "Middle English *cowardly (adjective)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "cowardly", "pos": "adverb" }, "expansion": "cowardly (adverb)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "coward", "3": "ly", "id2": "adjectival" }, "expansion": "coward + -ly", "name": "suffix" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "earg" }, "expansion": "Old English earg", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English *cowardly (adjective) and cowardly (adverb), equivalent to coward + -ly. Displaced native Old English earg.", "forms": [ { "form": "more cowardly", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "most cowardly", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "cowardly (comparative more cowardly, superlative most cowardly)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1828, John Paul, A Refutation of Arianism, page 20", "text": "[…] men who cowardly and hypocritically subscribe orthodox creeds, whilst they teach a different kind of doctrine!", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "In the manner of a coward, cowardlily." ], "links": [ [ "cowardlily", "cowardlily" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) In the manner of a coward, cowardlily." ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈkaʊədli/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cowardly.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "Southern-England" ], "text": "Audio (Southern England)" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "covardament" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "fej" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "kujonagtig" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "krysteragtig" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "pelkurimaisesti" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "raukkamaisesti" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "lâchement" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feige" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "gyáván" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "vigliaccamente" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "pusillanimamente" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "vilmente" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "hetare", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "へたれ" }, { "code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cowardly" }, { "code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "lâchement" }, { "code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "feig" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "covardemente" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cobardemente" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "laș" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "truslívo", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "трусли́во" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "malodúšno", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "малоду́шно" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "cobardemente" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "dredöfo" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "word": "dredöfiko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "feminine", "masculine" ], "word": "dredöfaniko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "hidredöfaniko" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "in the manner of a coward", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "jidredöfaniko" } ], "word": "cowardly" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.