See coward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for coward meaning in English (42.1kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "hero"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (plural cowards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 17 55 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 64 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ard",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 63 23 1 0 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 6 53 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 13 62 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cowardess"
},
{
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"word": "God hates a coward"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act II, scene ii, page 117, column 1",
"text": "Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling\nHe tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks courage."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "person"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardly lion"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "dastard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "poltroon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "worrier"
}
],
"id": "en-coward-en-noun-yMoUeuv~",
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
],
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "are you a man or a mouse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "crybaby"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "mama's boy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pussy-cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "fear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "afraid"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "milksop"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "effeminate man"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"word": "scaredy pants"
},
{
"word": "yellowbelly"
},
{
"word": "baby"
},
{
"word": "big baby"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "caitiff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "candy-ass"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "candy-arse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "coistril"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "chicken liver"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "chickenshit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"word": "cocktail"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cowardy custard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "craven"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "fraidy cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "funker"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "gutless wonder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "invertebrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "jessie"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "lizard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "milquetoast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "nancy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "niddering"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "nidering"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "nidget"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "niding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "nithing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "piece of crap"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "piece of shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pisspants"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "pullet"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "punk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "pussy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pussyhole"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "quiche-eater"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "quakebreech"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "quakebuttock"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "recreant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "scaredy cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "shithouse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "sissy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dated",
"slang"
],
"word": "slag"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "sluggard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "snool"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "sook"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"US",
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "weak sister"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "wheyface"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "yellow belly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "yellow back"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "lafaard"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "papbroek"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frikacak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jabān",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَبَان"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vaxkot",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "վախկոտ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġzik",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ղզիկ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "qorxaq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qurqaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ҡурҡаҡ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "koldar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bajazlívjec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "баязлі́вец"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bajazlíŭka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "баязлі́ўка"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palaxlívjec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "палахлі́вец"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palaxlíŭka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палахлі́ўка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strahlívec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страхли́вец"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strahlívka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "страхли́вка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covard"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "talawan"
},
{
"code": "ccp",
"lang": "Chakma",
"roman": "pādārā",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "𑄛𑄘𑄢"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "s̈hamle'c̈homa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nuòfū",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "懦夫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孬種"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nāozhǒng",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孬种"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孱頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "càntou",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孱头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "膽小鬼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnxiǎoguǐ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "胆小鬼"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ajyḷgyḷʹyn",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "айыԓгыԓьын"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbabělec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbabělkyně"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bázlivec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "posera"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bangebuks"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kujon"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kryster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lafaard"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "slapjanus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "watje"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "tandaľ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тандаль"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "malkuraĝulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "timemulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "timulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poltrono"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "argpüks"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bloyta"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ræðuskítur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rædduskítur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bløka"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ónytta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pelkuri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "couard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couarde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poltron"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poltronne"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froussard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "froussarde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "lâche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "cagainas"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mšišara",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "მშიშარა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxdali",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "მხდალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lačari",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ლაჩარი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯabani",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ჯაბანი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kvešaǯvia",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ქვეშაჯვია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Feigling"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Angsthase"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "Schisser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schisserin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hosenscheißer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Warmduscher"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "deilós",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δειλός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ánandros",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άνανδρος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóta",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κότα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fovitsiáris",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φοβιτσιάρης"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kiotís",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κιοτής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fovitsiáris",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φοβητσιάρης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "deilós",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δειλός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "deilḗ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δειλή"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "kapon"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "paḥdán",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פַּחְדָן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "paḥhdaníyt",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פחדנית"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mug lev",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מוּג לֵב"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāyar",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "कायर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ḍarpok",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "डरपोक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "buzdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बुज़दिल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bujdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बुजदिल"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "it is an adjective so it rarely stands alone in the sense of a noun",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "gyáva (alak)"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleyða"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poltrono"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "deskurajozo"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "natakrot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pengecut"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhaire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "codardo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pusillanime"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "vigliacco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "vile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coniglio"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "matahaw"
},
{
"alt": "おくびょうもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "okubyōmono",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "臆病者"
},
{
"alt": "こわがり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kowagari",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "怖がり"
},
{
"alt": "こわがりや",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kowagariya",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "怖がり屋"
},
{
"alt": "こしぬけ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "koshinuke",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "腰抜け"
},
{
"alt": "よわむし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yowamushi",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "弱虫"
},
{
"alt": "ひきょうもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikyōmono",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "卑怯者"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bayugin"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "galgawu"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "mataloti"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qorqaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "қорқақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək kɑmsaak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "អ្នកកំសាក"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmsaak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "កំសាក"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopjaeng'i",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁쟁이"
},
{
"alt": "卑怯者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigeopja",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "비겁자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopkkureogi",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁꾸러기"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopbo",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁보"
},
{
"alt": "怯夫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopbu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁부"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsok"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "newêrek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bêcesaret"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bêkulek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsonek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsoke"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "korkok",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "коркок"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khon tā khāo",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ຄົນຕາຂາວ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khon khī yān",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ຄົນຂີ້ຢ້ານ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gļēvulis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gļēvule"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bailys"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "Feigling"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kukávica",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кука́вица"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strašlivec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страшливец"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fananga"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pengecut"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhīru",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ഭീരു"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "aggleydagh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauwhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "whiore hume"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "hukehuke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "hamo pango"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poromataku"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "talaw"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ajmxaj xün",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "аймхай хүн"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xulčgar xün",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хулчгар хүн"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feiging"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reddhare"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feiging"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reddhare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "coard"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "earg"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tarsu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ترسو"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nâmard",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "نامرد"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bozdel",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "بزدل"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schietstremp"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tchórz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strachajło"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bojaźliwiec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laș"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lașă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trus",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трус"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trusíxa",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "труси́ха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mild",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trusiška",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "трусишка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssykún",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "ссыку́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bzdun",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "бздун"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssykló",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "ссыкло́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojáka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"childish",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "боя́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojagúz",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Ukraine",
"masculine",
"regional"
],
"word": "боягу́з"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojagúzka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Ukraine",
"feminine",
"regional"
],
"word": "боягу́зка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhaire"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gealtaire"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ку̏кавица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȕkavica"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "kúun khīi yāan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ၵူၼ်းၶီႈယၢၼ်ႈ"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "qortuq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "қортуқ"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbabelec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbabelkyňa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bojazlivec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ustrašenec"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strahopetnež"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strahopetnica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cobarde"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gallina"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "mwoga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fegis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mes"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "duwag"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tarsu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тарсу"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tarsončak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тарсончак"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "nomard",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "номард"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "buzdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "буздил"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qurkak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "куркак"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pirikivāḍu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "పిరికివాడు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon kîi-klàat",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "คนขี้ขลาด"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kîi-klàat",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ขี้ขลาด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "korkak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ödlek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tabansız"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojahúz",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боягу́з"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojahúzka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "боягу́зка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "straxopolóx",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страхополо́х"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qorqunchaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "قورقۇنچاق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "qoʻrqoq"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "người nhát gan"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "người nhút nhát"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredajiedan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredahijiedan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredajijiedan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachadur"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachwr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llwfrgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llyfrgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilgi"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fiich"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "leffert"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pakhdn",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּחדן"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pakhdnte",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּחדנטע"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "trus",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טרוס"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more coward",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most coward",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (comparative more coward, superlative most coward)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,\nHe rais’d the house with loud and coward cries."
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon”, in Poems on Several Occasions, 2nd edition, London: Jacob Tonson, page 89",
"text": "Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;\nAnd Ills foreseen the pleasant Bliss destroy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cowardly."
],
"id": "en-coward-en-adj-0vfvOL2B",
"links": [
[
"Cowardly",
"cowardly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "en:Heraldry",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs."
],
"id": "en-coward-en-adj-yAcQqqJJ",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"lion",
"lion"
],
[
"escutcheon",
"escutcheon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, of a lion) Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a lion"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (third-person singular simple present cowards, present participle cowarding, simple past and past participle cowarded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus",
"text": "The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To intimidate."
],
"id": "en-coward-en-verb-Elr-1Hys",
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To intimidate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "hero"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ard",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"en:Fear",
"en:People",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cowardess"
},
{
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"word": "God hates a coward"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (plural cowards)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "person"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardly lion"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "dastard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "poltroon"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "worrier"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "are you a man or a mouse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "crybaby"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "mama's boy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pussy-cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "cowardly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "fear"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "afraid"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "milksop"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "effeminate man"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act II, scene ii, page 117, column 1",
"text": "Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling\nHe tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks courage."
],
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"word": "scaredy pants"
},
{
"word": "yellowbelly"
},
{
"word": "baby"
},
{
"word": "big baby"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "caitiff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "candy-ass"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "candy-arse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "coistril"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "chicken liver"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "chickenshit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
],
"word": "cocktail"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cowardy custard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "craven"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "fraidy cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "funker"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "gutless wonder"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "invertebrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "jessie"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "lizard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "milquetoast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "nancy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "niddering"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "nidering"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "nidget"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "niding"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "nithing"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "piece of crap"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "piece of shit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pisspants"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "pullet"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "punk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "pussy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "pussyhole"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "quiche-eater"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "quakebreech"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "quakebuttock"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "recreant"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"childish"
],
"word": "scaredy cat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "shithouse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "sissy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"Britain",
"dated",
"slang"
],
"word": "slag"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "sluggard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "snool"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "sook"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"US",
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "weak sister"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"word": "wheyface"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "yellow belly"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:coward",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "yellow back"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "lafaard"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "papbroek"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frikacak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jabān",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَبَان"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vaxkot",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "վախկոտ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ġzik",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ղզիկ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "qorxaq"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qurqaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ҡурҡаҡ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "koldar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bajazlívjec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "баязлі́вец"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bajazlíŭka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "баязлі́ўка"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palaxlívjec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "палахлі́вец"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "palaxlíŭka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "палахлі́ўка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strahlívec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страхли́вец"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strahlívka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "страхли́вка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covard"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "talawan"
},
{
"code": "ccp",
"lang": "Chakma",
"roman": "pādārā",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "𑄛𑄘𑄢"
},
{
"code": "ccc",
"lang": "Chamicuro",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "s̈hamle'c̈homa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nuòfū",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "懦夫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孬種"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nāozhǒng",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孬种"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孱頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "càntou",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "孱头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "膽小鬼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnxiǎoguǐ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "胆小鬼"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ajyḷgyḷʹyn",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "айыԓгыԓьын"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbabělec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbabělkyně"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bázlivec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "posera"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bangebuks"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kujon"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kryster"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lafaard"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "slapjanus"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "watje"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "tandaľ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тандаль"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "malkuraĝulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "timemulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "timulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poltrono"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "argpüks"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bloyta"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ræðuskítur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rædduskítur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bløka"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ónytta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pelkuri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "couard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couarde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poltron"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poltronne"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "froussard"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "froussarde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "lâche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "cagainas"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mšišara",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "მშიშარა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxdali",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "მხდალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lačari",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ლაჩარი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯabani",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ჯაბანი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kvešaǯvia",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ქვეშაჯვია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Feigling"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Angsthase"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "Schisser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schisserin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hosenscheißer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Warmduscher"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "deilós",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δειλός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ánandros",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "άνανδρος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kóta",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κότα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fovitsiáris",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φοβιτσιάρης"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kiotís",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κιοτής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fovitsiáris",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φοβητσιάρης"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "deilós",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δειλός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "deilḗ",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δειλή"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "kapon"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "paḥdán",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פַּחְדָן"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "paḥhdaníyt",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פחדנית"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mug lev",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מוּג לֵב"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāyar",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "कायर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ḍarpok",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "डरपोक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "buzdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बुज़दिल"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bujdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बुजदिल"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "it is an adjective so it rarely stands alone in the sense of a noun",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "gyáva (alak)"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleyða"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poltrono"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "deskurajozo"
},
{
"code": "ilo",
"lang": "Ilocano",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "natakrot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pengecut"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhaire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "codardo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pusillanime"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "vigliacco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "vile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coniglio"
},
{
"code": "ivv",
"lang": "Ivatan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "matahaw"
},
{
"alt": "おくびょうもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "okubyōmono",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "臆病者"
},
{
"alt": "こわがり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kowagari",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "怖がり"
},
{
"alt": "こわがりや",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kowagariya",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "怖がり屋"
},
{
"alt": "こしぬけ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "koshinuke",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "腰抜け"
},
{
"alt": "よわむし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yowamushi",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "弱虫"
},
{
"alt": "ひきょうもの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hikyōmono",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "卑怯者"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bayugin"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "galgawu"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "mataloti"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qorqaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "қорқақ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "nĕək kɑmsaak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "អ្នកកំសាក"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑmsaak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "កំសាក"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopjaeng'i",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁쟁이"
},
{
"alt": "卑怯者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bigeopja",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "비겁자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopkkureogi",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁꾸러기"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopbo",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁보"
},
{
"alt": "怯夫",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geopbu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "겁부"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsok"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "newêrek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bêcesaret"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "bêkulek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsonek"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tirsoke"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "korkok",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "коркок"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khon tā khāo",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ຄົນຕາຂາວ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "khon khī yān",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ຄົນຂີ້ຢ້ານ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gļēvulis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gļēvule"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bailys"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "Feigling"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kukávica",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кука́вица"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strašlivec",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страшливец"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fananga"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "pengecut"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "bhīru",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ഭീരു"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "aggleydagh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauwhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tautauā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "whiore hume"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "hukehuke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "hamo pango"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "poromataku"
},
{
"code": "mrw",
"lang": "Maranao",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "talaw"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "coward"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ajmxaj xün",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "аймхай хүн"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xulčgar xün",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хулчгар хүн"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feiging"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reddhare"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feiging"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reddhare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "coard"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "earg"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tarsu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ترسو"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nâmard",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "نامرد"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bozdel",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "بزدل"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schietstremp"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tchórz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strachajło"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bojaźliwiec"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "covarde"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "laș"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lașă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trus",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "трус"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trusíxa",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "труси́ха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "mild",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trusiška",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "трусишка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssykún",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "ссыку́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bzdun",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "бздун"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ssykló",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "ссыкло́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojáka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"childish",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "боя́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojagúz",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Ukraine",
"masculine",
"regional"
],
"word": "боягу́з"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bojagúzka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Ukraine",
"feminine",
"regional"
],
"word": "боягу́зка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhaire"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gealtaire"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ку̏кавица"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȕkavica"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "kúun khīi yāan",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ၵူၼ်းၶီႈယၢၼ်ႈ"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "qortuq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "қортуқ"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zbabelec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zbabelkyňa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bojazlivec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ustrašenec"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strahopetnež"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strahopetnica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cobarde"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gallina"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "mwoga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fegis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mes"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "duwag"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tarsu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тарсу"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "tarsončak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "тарсончак"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "nomard",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "номард"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "buzdil",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "буздил"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "qurkak",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "куркак"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pirikivāḍu",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "పిరికివాడు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kon kîi-klàat",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "คนขี้ขลาด"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kîi-klàat",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ขี้ขลาด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "korkak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "ödlek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "tabansız"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojahúz",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боягу́з"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojahúzka",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "боягу́зка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "straxopolóx",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "страхополо́х"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "qorqunchaq",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "قورقۇنچاق"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "qoʻrqoq"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "người nhát gan"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "người nhút nhát"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hidredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jidredöfan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredajiedan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredahijiedan"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "dredajijiedan"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachadur"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cachwr"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llwfrgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "llyfrgi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilgi"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"word": "fiich"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "leffert"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pakhdn",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּחדן"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pakhdnte",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פּחדנטע"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "trus",
"sense": "a person who lacks courage",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "טרוס"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ard",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"en:Fear",
"en:People",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more coward",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most coward",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (comparative more coward, superlative most coward)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act II, Scene 4,\nHe rais’d the house with loud and coward cries."
},
{
"ref": "1709, Matthew Prior, “Celia to Damon”, in Poems on Several Occasions, 2nd edition, London: Jacob Tonson, page 89",
"text": "Invading Fears repel my Coward Joy;\nAnd Ills foreseen the pleasant Bliss destroy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cowardly."
],
"links": [
[
"Cowardly",
"cowardly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs."
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
],
[
"lion",
"lion"
],
[
"escutcheon",
"escutcheon"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry, of a lion) Borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a lion"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ard",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"en:Fear",
"en:People",
"enm:Fear",
"enm:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "coward"
},
"expansion": "Middle English coward",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "coart"
},
"expansion": "Old French coart",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cuard"
},
"expansion": "cuard",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "couard"
},
"expansion": "French couard",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "coue (“tail”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-ard",
"pos": "pejorative agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard (pejorative agent noun suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "coue"
},
"expansion": "coue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cauda"
},
"expansion": "Latin cauda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tail between one's legs"
},
"expansion": "tail between one's legs",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cower"
},
"expansion": "English cower",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "earg"
},
"expansion": "Old English earg",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "argh"
},
"expansion": "English argh",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal “turning tail”, or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (survived in northern dialect English argh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cowards",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cowarded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "coward (third-person singular simple present cowards, present participle cowarding, simple past and past participle cowarded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧ward"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1820, John Chalkhill, Thealma and Clearchus",
"text": "The first he coped with was their captain, whom / His sword sent headless to seek out a tomb. / This cowarded the valour of the rest, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To intimidate."
],
"links": [
[
"intimidate",
"intimidate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To intimidate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cowered"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-US-coward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/En-US-coward.wav/En-US-coward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'əd"
},
{
"enpr": "kou'ərd"
}
],
"word": "coward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.