See -ist on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ist meaning in All languages combined (39.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "-iste",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίζω",
"3": "-τής",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "verbal suffix",
"pos2": "agent-noun suffix",
"t1": "-ize, -ise"
},
"expansion": "-ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ism",
"3": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-ism + -t",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "botanist, one who studies plants"
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-yOVb90st",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "violinist, one who plays a violin"
},
{
"text": "bicyclist, one who rides a bicycle"
},
{
"text": "autoist, one who drives an automobile"
},
{
"text": "pianist, one who plays the piano"
},
{
"text": "vapist, one who uses a vaping device"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who uses a device of some kind;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-e~r5916c",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures"
},
{
"text": "artist, one who makes art"
},
{
"text": "bigamist, one who commits bigamy"
},
{
"text": "terrorist, one who causes terror"
},
{
"text": "tourist, one who tours"
},
{
"text": "Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who engages in a particular type of activity;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-DzUhW2--",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 26 10 10 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 24 11 11 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "autist, egoist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-ohKxKXTi",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "11 11 11 21 11 11 11 11",
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 11 11 21 11 11 11 11",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 11 11 21 11 11 11 11",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 11 11 21 11 11 11 11",
"word": "-ite"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 11 11 21 11 11 11 11",
"word": "-or"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-I~GzcQsP",
"links": [
[
"theological",
"theological"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"denomination",
"denomination"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-GzHCaRov",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "capitalist; industrialist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who owns or manages something;"
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-zD2Pc1cM",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who holds bigoted, partial views."
],
"id": "en--ist-en-suffix-Z43n-k0B",
"links": [
[
"bigot",
"bigot"
],
[
"partial",
"partial"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 23 4 4 4 3 4 34",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ɪst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-əst/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
},
{
"homophone": "-est"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nisba",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-իստ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhǔyìzhě",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主义者"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-anto"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-isṭi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ისტი"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"alt": "-しゅぎしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-shugisha",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"alt": "主義者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-juuija",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "주의자"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-garâ",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "گرا"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́стка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "m-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-jist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-íстка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-jistka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-їстка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-yst",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ystka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-истка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 6 16 13 19 14 10 9",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-get",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-գետ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ban",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-բան"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-lógos",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-λόγος"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "가"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 22 18 18 14 17 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 29 4 4 4 4 4 26",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en--ist-nl-suffix-U-vcSwKE",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ista",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin -ista, reinforced by French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.weak",
"f": "in"
},
"expansion": "-ist m (weak, genitive -isten, plural -isten, feminine -istin)",
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}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Piano (“piano”) + -ist → Pianist (“pianist”)"
},
{
"text": "Anarchie (“anarchy”) + -ist → Anarchist (“anarchist”)"
},
{
"text": "Putsch (“putsch, coup”) + -ist → Putschist (“putschist, coupist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-de-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪst]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-est"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "knowist, sendist, bitakist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -est"
],
"id": "en--ist-enm-suffix-E0kbgD44",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-τής"
},
"expansion": "-τής (-tḗs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"id": "en--ist-nb-suffix-xOTNs1cf",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"id": "en--ist-nn-suffix-xOTNs1cf",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
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{
"form": "-istă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine and neuter plural -iste)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist",
"text": "pianist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarchist",
"text": "anarhist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rasist ― racist",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-ro-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"word": "-tor"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ist]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ист",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (Cyrillic spelling -ист)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"id": "en--ist-sh-suffix-5oVJxZgB",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ister",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ists",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isternas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist",
"text": "pianist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarchist",
"text": "anarkist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rasist ― racist",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"id": "en--ist-sv-suffix-NrUo8fUR",
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ism"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪst]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-est",
"3": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -est, -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -est, -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -est",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -est"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "English: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "German: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"id": "en--ist-gem-pro-suffix-OBlRU5-2",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine suffixes",
"Dutch noun-forming suffixes",
"Dutch suffixes",
"Dutch terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English compound terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Romanian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ist",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "-iste",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Old French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίζω",
"3": "-τής",
"nocat": "1",
"pos1": "verbal suffix",
"pos2": "agent-noun suffix",
"t1": "-ize, -ise"
},
"expansion": "-ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ism",
"3": "-t"
},
"expansion": "-ism + -t",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ast"
},
{
"word": "-er"
},
{
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"word": "-ite"
},
{
"word": "-or"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "botanist, one who studies plants"
},
{
"text": "psychiatrist, one who practices psychiatry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who studies or practices a particular discipline;"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "violinist, one who plays a violin"
},
{
"text": "bicyclist, one who rides a bicycle"
},
{
"text": "autoist, one who drives an automobile"
},
{
"text": "pianist, one who plays the piano"
},
{
"text": "vapist, one who uses a vaping device"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who uses a device of some kind;"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "adventurist, one who takes risks or goes on adventures"
},
{
"text": "artist, one who makes art"
},
{
"text": "bigamist, one who commits bigamy"
},
{
"text": "terrorist, one who causes terror"
},
{
"text": "tourist, one who tours"
},
{
"text": "Note, many of these are related to -isms: adventurism, terrorism, tourism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who engages in a particular type of activity;"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "autist, egoist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Buddhist, Baptist, monotheist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Buddhism, monotheism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;"
],
"links": [
[
"theological",
"theological"
],
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine"
],
[
"denomination",
"denomination"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Marxist, modernist, nihilist, existentialist, fascist, pacifist, activist, environmentalist,"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: Marxism, modernism, nihilism, existentialism, fascism, pacifism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who has a certain ideology or set of beliefs;"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "capitalist; industrialist"
},
{
"text": "Note, these are related to -isms: capitalism; industrialism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"one who owns or manages something;"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "sexist, racist: Note, these are related to -isms: sexism, racism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to words to form nouns denoting:",
"a person who holds bigoted, partial views."
],
"links": [
[
"bigot",
"bigot"
],
[
"partial",
"partial"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ɪst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-əst/",
"note": "weak vowel merger"
},
{
"homophone": "-est"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ist.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nisba",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ـِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-akan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ական"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-իստ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhǔyìzhě",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主义者"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-anto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-isṭi",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ისტი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "יסט"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"alt": "-しゅぎしゃ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-shugisha",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-主義者"
},
{
"alt": "主義者",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-juuija",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "주의자"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-is"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-garâ",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "گرا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́стка"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "m-"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-jist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ístka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-íстка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-jistka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-їстка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-yst",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ист"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ystka",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-истка"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-get",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-գետ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-ban",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-բան"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-lógos",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-λόγος"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-ka",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "家"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ga",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"word": "가"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2"
],
"word": "mwana-"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A member of a profession or one interested in something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-ist",
"sense": "A person who uses something",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יסט"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-isti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-istís",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ιστής"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ístria",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ίστρια"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-istka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ystka"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ydd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "A person who holds biased views",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-wr"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin -ista",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin -ista, reinforced by French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.weak",
"f": "in"
},
"expansion": "-ist m (weak, genitive -isten, plural -isten, feminine -istin)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms borrowed from Latin",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from French",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German weak suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Piano (“piano”) + -ist → Pianist (“pianist”)"
},
{
"text": "Anarchie (“anarchy”) + -ist → Anarchist (“anarchist”)"
},
{
"text": "Putsch (“putsch, coup”) + -ist → Putschist (“putschist, coupist”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɪst]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ist.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Frank_C._M%C3%BCller--ist.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ist",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-est"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "knowist, sendist, bitakist"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -est"
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist, -istic"
},
"expansion": "French -iste (“-ist, -istic”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista",
"4": "",
"5": "-ist; one who practises or believes"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-τής"
},
"expansion": "-τής (-tḗs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*-tās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *-tās",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teh₂",
"pos": "forms nouns representing state of being"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål suffixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ista"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ista",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ιστής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ist m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from French",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form nouns, usually relating to people."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-est",
"3": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -est, -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -est, -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -est",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -est"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "English: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "German: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iști",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iștilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-istelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine and neuter plural -iste)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ista"
},
{
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"word": "-tor"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Romanian adjective-forming suffixes",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine suffixes",
"Romanian neuter suffixes",
"Romanian noun-forming suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Romanian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist",
"text": "pianist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarchist",
"text": "anarhist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rasist ― racist",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"-ist#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ist]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -iste",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ист",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ist (Cyrillic spelling -ист)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from French",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a follower or a profession. Chiefly used for loanwords."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-iste"
},
"expansion": "French -iste",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -iste.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ister",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isterna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ists",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-istens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-isters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-isternas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "-ist c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-er"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ism"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Swedish common-gender suffixes",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish suffixes",
"Swedish terms borrowed from French",
"Swedish terms derived from French",
"Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "pianist",
"text": "pianist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "anarchist",
"text": "anarkist",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rasist ― racist",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ist"
],
"links": [
[
"-ist",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪst]"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.