See -ist in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-est",
"3": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -est, -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -est, -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -est",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -est"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "English: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "German: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"id": "en--ist-gem-pro-suffix-OBlRU5-2",
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-est",
"3": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -est, -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -est, -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-est"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -est",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -est"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "English: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-ist"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -ist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -ist"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "German: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -st"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-st"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: -st",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: -st"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐍃𐍄"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍄 (-ist)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "-istaz",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ist",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-est. Forms the superlative of certain adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-est",
"-est"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ist/"
}
],
"word": "-ist"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ist meaning in Proto-Germanic (2.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.