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Middle Low German inflections

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Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
nemenⓦ verb 91 nēmen canonical
donⓦ, overⓦ, overⓦ, eventureⓦ, abelenholtⓦ, warenⓦ, wolterenⓦ, jeⓦ, spigenⓦ, vorsupenⓦ, jagenⓦ, kukeⓦ, schoneⓦ, brukenⓦ, schrivenⓦ, juwⓦ, wesenⓦ, drepenⓦ, woltⓦ, heⓦ

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
wesenⓦ verb 29 no-table-tags table-tags
snorrenⓦ, snidenⓦ, vorswindenⓦ, achtenⓦ, wolterenⓦ, vorsupenⓦ, nemenⓦ, jagenⓦ, drepenⓦ, bindenⓦ, vechtenⓦ, gevenⓦ, krossenⓦ, supenⓦ, werdenⓦ, writenⓦ, levenⓦ, spodenⓦ, sugenⓦ, vogenⓦ
verb 29 gml-conj-table inflection-template
verb 29 wēsen infinitive
verb 29 tô wēsene gerund infinitive
verb 29 tô wēsende gerund infinitive
verb 29 wēsen noun-from-verb
verb 29 wēsende present participle
verb 29 wes second-person singular imperative
verb 29 gewēsen past participle
verb 29 gewest past participle
wesenⓦ verb 29 wēset second-person plural imperative
snorrenⓦ, snidenⓦ, vorswindenⓦ, achtenⓦ, wolterenⓦ, vorsupenⓦ, nemenⓦ, jagenⓦ, drepenⓦ, bindenⓦ, vechtenⓦ, gevenⓦ, krossenⓦ, supenⓦ, werdenⓦ, writenⓦ, levenⓦ, spodenⓦ, sugenⓦ, vogenⓦ
verb 29 bin first-person singular present indicative participle
verb 29 was first-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 29 wēse first-person singular present subjunctive
verb 29 wêre first-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 29 bist second-person singular present indicative participle
verb 29 wêrest second-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 29 sîst second-person singular present subjunctive
verb 29 wêrest second-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 29 is third-person singular present indicative participle
wesenⓦ verb 29 was third-person singular preterite indicative participle
snorrenⓦ, snidenⓦ, vorswindenⓦ, achtenⓦ, wolterenⓦ, vorsupenⓦ, nemenⓦ, jagenⓦ, drepenⓦ, bindenⓦ, vechtenⓦ, gevenⓦ, krossenⓦ, supenⓦ, werdenⓦ, writenⓦ, levenⓦ, spodenⓦ, sugenⓦ, vogenⓦ
verb 29 wēse third-person singular present subjunctive
verb 29 wêre third-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 29 sint plural present indicative participle
verb 29 wêren plural preterite indicative participle
verb 29 sîn plural present subjunctive
verb 29 wêren plural preterite subjunctive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
sinⓦ pron 17 no-table-tags table-tags
koltⓦ, vrischⓦ, valschⓦ, schoneⓦ, gotⓦ, oltⓦ, vrieⓦ, ewichⓦ, uⓦ, usⓦ, juⓦ, vriⓦ, vriⓦ, kleineⓦ, dunkerⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 17 gml-decl-adj inflection-template
pron 17 sîn masculine nominative strong
pron 17 sînen masculine accusative strong
pron 17 sînem (sînenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) masculine dative strong
pron 17 sîneme (sînenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) masculine dative strong
pron 17 sînes masculine genitive strong
pron 17 sîn neuter nominative strong
pron 17 sîn neuter accusative strong
pron 17 sînem (sînenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) neuter dative strong
sinⓦ pron 17 sîneme (sînenⁿᵒᵗᵉ) neuter dative strong
koltⓦ, vrischⓦ, valschⓦ, schoneⓦ, gotⓦ, oltⓦ, vrieⓦ, ewichⓦ, uⓦ, usⓦ, juⓦ, vriⓦ, vriⓦ, kleineⓦ, dunkerⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 17 sînes neuter genitive strong
pron 17 sîn feminine nominative strong
pron 17 sîne feminine accusative strong
pron 17 sîner feminine dative genitive strong
pron 17 sînere feminine dative genitive strong
pron 17 sîne accusative nominative plural strong
pron 17 sînen dative plural strong
pron 17 sîner genitive plural strong
pron 17 sînere genitive plural strong
sinⓦ pron 17 sîne masculine nominative weak
koltⓦ, vrischⓦ, valschⓦ, schoneⓦ, gotⓦ, oltⓦ, vrieⓦ, ewichⓦ, uⓦ, usⓦ, juⓦ, vriⓦ, vriⓦ, kleineⓦ, dunkerⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 17 sînen masculine accusative weak
pron 17 sînen masculine dative genitive weak
pron 17 sîne neuter nominative weak
pron 17 sîne neuter accusative weak
pron 17 sînen neuter dative genitive weak
pron 17 sîne feminine nominative weak
pron 17 sînen feminine accusative weak
pron 17 sînen feminine dative genitive weak
pron 17 sînen nominative plural weak
sinⓦ pron 17 sînen accusative plural weak
koltⓦ, vrischⓦ, valschⓦ, schoneⓦ, gotⓦ, oltⓦ, vrieⓦ, ewichⓦ, uⓦ, usⓦ, juⓦ, vriⓦ, vriⓦ, kleineⓦ, dunkerⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 17 sînen dative genitive plural weak
pron 17 The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. error-NO-TAGS-REPORT-THIS

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
kokeneⓦ noun 13 kȫkene feminine canonical
vartⓦ, schruveⓦ, sekeleⓦ, lereⓦ, schoreⓦ, klipscholeⓦ, kokeⓦ, eteninneⓦ, bordeⓦ, luteⓦ, buteⓦ, gigeⓦ

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
itⓦ pron 12 no-table-tags table-tags
heⓦ, ikⓦ, wiⓦ, öhnenⓦ, juⓦ, giⓦ, sinⓦ, duⓦ, diⓦ, etⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 12 gml-perpron inflection-template
pron 12 ik (ek) first-person nominative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 mî (mê, mik, mek) first-person dative accusative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 mîn first-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 mîner first-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 dû second-person nominative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 dî (dê, dik, dek) second-person dative accusative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 dîn second-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 dîner second-person genitive singular pronoun personal
itⓦ pron 12 hê (hî, hie) masculine third-person nominative singular pronoun personal
heⓦ, ikⓦ, wiⓦ, öhnenⓦ, juⓦ, giⓦ, sinⓦ, duⓦ, diⓦ, etⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 12 ēne masculine third-person accusative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 en (ȫne, ȫn) masculine third-person accusative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 ēme masculine third-person dative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 em (ȫme, en) masculine third-person dative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 sîn masculine third-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 sîner masculine third-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 it (et) neuter third-person accusative nominative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 ēme neuter third-person dative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 em (ȫme, en) neuter third-person dative singular pronoun personal
itⓦ pron 12 sîn neuter third-person genitive singular pronoun personal
heⓦ, ikⓦ, wiⓦ, öhnenⓦ, juⓦ, giⓦ, sinⓦ, duⓦ, diⓦ, etⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 12 sîner neuter third-person genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 sê (sî, sie, sü̂) feminine third-person accusative nominative singular pronoun personal
pron 12 ēre feminine third-person dative genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 ēr (ērer, ȫrer) feminine third-person dative genitive singular pronoun personal
pron 12 wî (wê, wie) first-person nominative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) first-person dative accusative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 unser first-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 ûser first-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 gî (jê, î) second-person nominative plural pronoun personal
itⓦ pron 12 jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) second-person dative accusative plural pronoun personal
heⓦ, ikⓦ, wiⓦ, öhnenⓦ, juⓦ, giⓦ, sinⓦ, duⓦ, diⓦ, etⓦ, unsⓦ
pron 12 jûwer second-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 ûwer second-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 sê (sî, sie) third-person accusative nominative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 em third-person dative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 öm third-person dative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) third-person dative plural pronoun personal
pron 12 ēre third-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 ēr (ērer, ȫrer) third-person genitive plural pronoun personal
pron 12 For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. pronoun personal

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
brukenⓦ verb 8 weak table-tags
warenⓦ, spigenⓦ, spigenⓦ, schrivenⓦ, bedenⓦ, bedrivenⓦ, beschrivenⓦ
verb 8 gml-verb inflection-template
verb 8 brûken infinitive
verb 8 tô brûkene gerund infinitive
verb 8 tô brûkende gerund infinitive
verb 8 brûken noun-from-verb
verb 8 brûkent noun-from-verb
verb 8 brûkende present participle
verb 8 brûke second-person singular imperative
verb 8 gebrûket past participle
brukenⓦ verb 8 brûket second-person plural imperative
warenⓦ, spigenⓦ, spigenⓦ, schrivenⓦ, bedenⓦ, bedrivenⓦ, beschrivenⓦ
verb 8 brûke first-person singular present indicative participle
verb 8 brûkede first-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 8 brûke first-person singular present subjunctive
verb 8 brûkede first-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 8 brûkest second-person singular present indicative participle
verb 8 brûkedest second-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 8 brûkest second-person singular present subjunctive
verb 8 brûkedest second-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 8 brûket third-person singular present indicative participle
brukenⓦ verb 8 brûkede third-person singular preterite indicative participle
warenⓦ, spigenⓦ, spigenⓦ, schrivenⓦ, bedenⓦ, bedrivenⓦ, beschrivenⓦ
verb 8 brûket third-person singular present subjunctive
verb 8 brûkede third-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 8 brûken plural present indicative participle
verb 8 brûket plural present indicative participle
verb 8 brûkeden plural preterite indicative participle
verb 8 brûken plural present subjunctive
verb 8 brûkeden plural preterite subjunctive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
aventⓦ noun 7 no-table-tags table-tags
dachⓦ, waterⓦ, mureⓦ, mureⓦ, ascheⓦ, sweⓦ
noun 7 gml-decl-noun inflection-template
noun 7 âvent nominative singular
noun 7 âvende nominative plural
noun 7 âvent accusative singular
noun 7 âvende accusative plural
noun 7 âvende dative singular
noun 7 âvenden dative plural
noun 7 âvendes genitive singular
noun 7 âvende genitive plural
aventⓦ noun 7 Middle Low German nouns often switch to other declension classes error-NO-TAGS-REPORT-THIS
dachⓦ, waterⓦ, mureⓦ, mureⓦ, ascheⓦ, sweⓦ
noun 7 and new declension patterns are created throughout the period. As such error-NO-TAGS-REPORT-THIS
noun 7 this table need not necessarily portray the only existing pattern but might merely be an exemplary of an original error-NO-TAGS-REPORT-THIS
noun 7 common form. error-NO-TAGS-REPORT-THIS

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
Gronlantⓦ name 7 Grö̂nlant neuter canonical
waterⓦ, oreⓦ, bokⓦ, tuchⓦ, stuckeⓦ, emeteⓦ

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
bordeⓦ noun 6 bōrde masculine canonical
krichⓦ, bokweteⓦ, schoreⓦ, aventⓦ, sandatⓦ

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
gotⓦ adj 4 gôt canonical
koltⓦ, oltⓦ, vriⓦ
adj 4 bēter comparative
adj 4 best superlative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
andruckenⓦ verb 4 weak table-tags
andrepenⓦ, anvechtenⓦ, afwolterenⓦ
verb 4 gml-verb inflection-template
verb 4 andrücken infinitive
verb 4 an tô drückene gerund infinitive
verb 4 an tô drückende gerund infinitive
verb 4 andrücken noun-from-verb
verb 4 andrückent noun-from-verb
verb 4 andrückende present participle
verb 4 drücke an second-person singular imperative
verb 4 angedrücket past participle
andruckenⓦ verb 4 drücket an second-person plural imperative
andrepenⓦ, anvechtenⓦ, afwolterenⓦ
verb 4 drücke an first-person singular present indicative participle
verb 4 drückede an first-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 4 drücke an first-person singular present subjunctive
verb 4 drückede an first-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 4 drückest an second-person singular present indicative participle
verb 4 drückedest an second-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 4 drückest an second-person singular present subjunctive
verb 4 drückedest an second-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 4 drücket an third-person singular present indicative participle
andruckenⓦ verb 4 drückede an third-person singular preterite indicative participle
andrepenⓦ, anvechtenⓦ, afwolterenⓦ
verb 4 drücket an third-person singular present subjunctive
verb 4 drückede an third-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 4 drücken plural present indicative participle
verb 4 drücket an plural present indicative participle
verb 4 drückeden an plural preterite indicative participle
verb 4 drücken an plural present subjunctive
verb 4 drückeden an plural preterite subjunctive
verb 4 andrücke first-person singular present indicative participle
verb 4 andrückede first-person singular preterite indicative participle
andruckenⓦ verb 4 andrücke first-person singular present subjunctive
andrepenⓦ, anvechtenⓦ, afwolterenⓦ
verb 4 andrückede first-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 4 andrückest second-person singular present indicative participle
verb 4 andrückedest second-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 4 andrückest second-person singular present subjunctive
verb 4 andrückedest second-person singular preterite subjunctive
verb 4 andrücket third-person singular present indicative participle
verb 4 andrückede third-person singular preterite indicative participle
verb 4 andrücket third-person singular present subjunctive
verb 4 andrückede third-person singular preterite subjunctive
andruckenⓦ verb 4 andrücken plural present indicative participle
andrepenⓦ, anvechtenⓦ, afwolterenⓦ
verb 4 andrücket plural present indicative participle
verb 4 andrückeden plural preterite indicative participle
verb 4 andrücken plural present subjunctive
verb 4 andrückeden plural preterite subjunctive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
valschⓦ adj 2 valscher comparative
dunkerⓦ
adj 2 valschest superlative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
murⓦ noun 2 mur canonical
mureⓦ
noun 2 mür feminine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
gesankⓦ noun 2 gesanges genitive
sankⓦ

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
mageⓦ noun 1 māge feminine canonical
noun 1 magen genitive
noun 1 magen dative
noun 1 mage accusative
noun 1 magen plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
watⓦ pron 1 wēne accusative
pron 1 wen accusative
pron 1 wēme dative
pron 1 wem dative
pron 1 wes genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
gewoltⓦ noun 1 gewôlt canonical
noun 1 gewolt feminine canonical
noun 1 gewôlde dative
noun 1 gewôlden plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
gotⓦ noun 1 godes genitive
noun 1 gades genitive
noun 1 gode plural
noun 1 gade plural

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
woltⓦ noun 1 wôlt canonical
noun 1 wolt masculine canonical
noun 1 wôldes genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
kokeⓦ noun 1 kôke feminine masculine canonical

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
lifⓦ noun 1 lîf neuter canonical
noun 1 lives genitive
noun 1 live dative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
weⓦ pron 1 wê canonical
pron 1 wēne accusative
pron 1 wen accusative
pron 1 wēme dative
pron 1 wem dative
pron 1 wes genitive

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
bukⓦ noun 1 bûk masculine canonical
noun 1 bukes genitive
noun 1 buke dative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
leventⓦ noun 1 levendes genitive
noun 1 levende dative

Word Part of speech Count Form Tags Other examples (may be other parts of speech)
slutⓦ noun 1 slūt neuter masculine canonical

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.