See holk on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for holk meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "holc"
},
"expansion": "Old English holc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "holoc",
"t": "hole, cavity"
},
"expansion": "holoc (“hole, cavity”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*holuk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *holuk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulukaz",
"t": "a hollow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulukaz (“a hollow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole",
"3": "-ock",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "diminutive ending"
},
"expansion": "hole + -ock (diminutive ending)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "holke"
},
"expansion": "Low German holke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hölke",
"t": "small hole"
},
"expansion": "hölke (“small hole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holk",
"t": "a type of flat-bottomed barge"
},
"expansion": "German Holk (“a type of flat-bottomed barge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "holk",
"t": "nest, birdhouse"
},
"expansion": "Swedish holk (“nest, birdhouse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "holk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian holk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hylke",
"t": "wooden barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "hylke (“wooden barrel, cask”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hólkur",
"t": "hollow cylinder or tube"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hólkur (“hollow cylinder or tube”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hulk"
},
"expansion": "hulk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holk, from Old English holc, holoc (“hole, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *holuk, from Proto-Germanic *hulukaz (“a hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”). Equivalent to hole + -ock (diminutive ending).\nCognate with Low German holke, hölke (“small hole”), German Holk (“a type of flat-bottomed barge”), Swedish holk (“nest, birdhouse”), dialectal Norwegian holk, hylke (“wooden barrel, cask”), Icelandic hólkur (“hollow cylinder or tube”). Related to hulk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "holks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "holk (plural holks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hollow cavity."
],
"id": "en-holk-en-noun-dLTfBLfd",
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) A hollow cavity."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "howk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
"word": "houk"
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*holcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *holcian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āhlocian",
"3": "āholcian, āhlocian",
"t": "to dig out"
},
"expansion": "āholcian, āhlocian (“to dig out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*holukōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *holukōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "holken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German holken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hȫlken",
"t": "to hollow out"
},
"expansion": "hȫlken (“to hollow out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "uthöhlken",
"t": "to hollow out"
},
"expansion": "German Low German uthöhlken (“to hollow out”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holken, from Old English *holcian (attested in āholcian, āhlocian (“to dig out”), from Proto-West Germanic *holukōn, derived from the noun above. Cognate with Middle Low German holken, hȫlken (“to hollow out”), German Low German uthöhlken (“to hollow out”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "holks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "holk (third-person singular simple present holks, present participle holking, simple past and past participle holked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig out; make hollow; hollow out."
],
"id": "en-holk-en-verb-t~9Wszn3",
"links": [
[
"dig out",
"dig out"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"hollow out",
"hollow out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig out; make hollow; hollow out."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig; dig into; pierce; penetrate; investigate; poke."
],
"id": "en-holk-en-verb-AmndkTe4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"dig into",
"dig into"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"penetrate",
"penetrate"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig; dig into; pierce; penetrate; investigate; poke."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 21 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Aberdeen University Studies, volume 35, University of Aberdeen, page 96",
"text": "The Sessioune perceiving gryt perell through the burieing of people in the kirkyaird of thair perroche kirk and within the kirk itself by raising of grene graivis and holking under the kirk vall undermynding of the samyne ordanis fra this furth that na persone presume to mak graivis within the precinct thairof or yit to burie any persone within the boundis of the samine.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig up; excavate."
],
"id": "en-holk-en-verb-tQ~NMamA",
"links": [
[
"dig up",
"dig up"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig up; excavate."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "howk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
"word": "houk"
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "holche"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German holche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὁλκάς",
"t": "barge"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὁλκάς (holkás, “barge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἕλκω",
"3": "ἕλκειν",
"t": "to drag"
},
"expansion": "ἕλκειν (hélkein, “to drag”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Middle High German holche, Ancient Greek ὁλκάς (holkás, “barge”), ἕλκειν (hélkein, “to drag”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "holk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hulk (large cargo ship)"
],
"id": "en-holk-gml-noun-8gN-Lzb-",
"links": [
[
"hulk",
"hulk"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hulk"
},
{
"word": "hollek"
},
{
"word": "hollik"
},
{
"word": "hollich"
},
{
"word": "holyk"
},
{
"word": "hulyck"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "holker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish holker",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulkaz",
"t": "cavity, hollow, recess"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulkaz (“cavity, hollow, recess”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hulk"
},
"expansion": "English hulk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish holker, from Proto-Germanic *hulkaz (“cavity, hollow, recess”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), cognate with English hulk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "holk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holkarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holkarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "holk c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "holk c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holk",
"2": "holken",
"3": "holkar",
"4": "holkarna",
"5": "holks",
"6": "holkens",
"7": "holkars",
"8": "holkarnas",
"base": "holk",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "batteriholk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fågelholk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "holka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "holkyxa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "holkärm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "starholk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a nest box, a birdhouse; a hollow part of a tree trunk used as a container or as a birdhouse"
],
"id": "en-holk-sv-noun-~ctqwb4A",
"links": [
[
"nest box",
"nest box"
],
[
"birdhouse",
"birdhouse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fågelholk"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a hulk, an old, decommissioned ship (used for storage or housing)"
],
"id": "en-holk-sv-noun-9z7ilqr0",
"links": [
[
"hulk",
"hulk"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a pipe stuffed with cannabis, or more rarely a joint"
],
"id": "en-holk-sv-noun-~eqWv9v9",
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"cannabis",
"cannabis"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) a pipe stuffed with cannabis, or more rarely a joint"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"slang"
]
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "holc"
},
"expansion": "Old English holc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "holoc",
"t": "hole, cavity"
},
"expansion": "holoc (“hole, cavity”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*holuk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *holuk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulukaz",
"t": "a hollow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulukaz (“a hollow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole",
"3": "-ock",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "diminutive ending"
},
"expansion": "hole + -ock (diminutive ending)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "holke"
},
"expansion": "Low German holke",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "hölke",
"t": "small hole"
},
"expansion": "hölke (“small hole”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Holk",
"t": "a type of flat-bottomed barge"
},
"expansion": "German Holk (“a type of flat-bottomed barge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "holk",
"t": "nest, birdhouse"
},
"expansion": "Swedish holk (“nest, birdhouse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "holk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian holk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hylke",
"t": "wooden barrel, cask"
},
"expansion": "hylke (“wooden barrel, cask”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hólkur",
"t": "hollow cylinder or tube"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hólkur (“hollow cylinder or tube”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hulk"
},
"expansion": "hulk",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holk, from Old English holc, holoc (“hole, cavity”), from Proto-West Germanic *holuk, from Proto-Germanic *hulukaz (“a hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”). Equivalent to hole + -ock (diminutive ending).\nCognate with Low German holke, hölke (“small hole”), German Holk (“a type of flat-bottomed barge”), Swedish holk (“nest, birdhouse”), dialectal Norwegian holk, hylke (“wooden barrel, cask”), Icelandic hólkur (“hollow cylinder or tube”). Related to hulk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "holks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "holk (plural holks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A hollow cavity."
],
"links": [
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal) A hollow cavity."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "howk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
"word": "houk"
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*holcian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *holcian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "āhlocian",
"3": "āholcian, āhlocian",
"t": "to dig out"
},
"expansion": "āholcian, āhlocian (“to dig out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*holukōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *holukōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "holken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German holken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "hȫlken",
"t": "to hollow out"
},
"expansion": "hȫlken (“to hollow out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "uthöhlken",
"t": "to hollow out"
},
"expansion": "German Low German uthöhlken (“to hollow out”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holken, from Old English *holcian (attested in āholcian, āhlocian (“to dig out”), from Proto-West Germanic *holukōn, derived from the noun above. Cognate with Middle Low German holken, hȫlken (“to hollow out”), German Low German uthöhlken (“to hollow out”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "holks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "holk (third-person singular simple present holks, present participle holking, simple past and past participle holked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To dig out; make hollow; hollow out."
],
"links": [
[
"dig out",
"dig out"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"hollow out",
"hollow out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig out; make hollow; hollow out."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To dig; dig into; pierce; penetrate; investigate; poke."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"dig into",
"dig into"
],
[
"pierce",
"pierce"
],
[
"penetrate",
"penetrate"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"poke",
"poke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig; dig into; pierce; penetrate; investigate; poke."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Aberdeen University Studies, volume 35, University of Aberdeen, page 96",
"text": "The Sessioune perceiving gryt perell through the burieing of people in the kirkyaird of thair perroche kirk and within the kirk itself by raising of grene graivis and holking under the kirk vall undermynding of the samyne ordanis fra this furth that na persone presume to mak graivis within the precinct thairof or yit to burie any persone within the boundis of the samine.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig up; excavate."
],
"links": [
[
"dig up",
"dig up"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To dig up; excavate."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "howk"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
"word": "houk"
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "holche"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German holche",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὁλκάς",
"t": "barge"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὁλκάς (holkás, “barge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἕλκω",
"3": "ἕλκειν",
"t": "to drag"
},
"expansion": "ἕλκειν (hélkein, “to drag”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Middle High German holche, Ancient Greek ὁλκάς (holkás, “barge”), ἕλκειν (hélkein, “to drag”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "holk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Low German lemmas",
"Middle Low German masculine nouns",
"Middle Low German nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"hulk (large cargo ship)"
],
"links": [
[
"hulk",
"hulk"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hulk"
},
{
"word": "hollek"
},
{
"word": "hollik"
},
{
"word": "hollich"
},
{
"word": "holyk"
},
{
"word": "hulyck"
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "holker"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish holker",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulkaz",
"t": "cavity, hollow, recess"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulkaz (“cavity, hollow, recess”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hulk"
},
"expansion": "English hulk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish holker, from Proto-Germanic *hulkaz (“cavity, hollow, recess”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), cognate with English hulk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "holk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holkarna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holkars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holkarnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "holk c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "holk c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-c-ar"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "holk",
"2": "holken",
"3": "holkar",
"4": "holkarna",
"5": "holks",
"6": "holkens",
"7": "holkars",
"8": "holkarnas",
"base": "holk",
"definitions": "",
"gender": "Common"
},
"name": "sv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "batteriholk"
},
{
"word": "fågelholk"
},
{
"word": "holka"
},
{
"word": "holkyxa"
},
{
"word": "holkärm"
},
{
"word": "starholk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a nest box, a birdhouse; a hollow part of a tree trunk used as a container or as a birdhouse"
],
"links": [
[
"nest box",
"nest box"
],
[
"birdhouse",
"birdhouse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fågelholk"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a hulk, an old, decommissioned ship (used for storage or housing)"
],
"links": [
[
"hulk",
"hulk"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"a pipe stuffed with cannabis, or more rarely a joint"
],
"links": [
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"cannabis",
"cannabis"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) a pipe stuffed with cannabis, or more rarely a joint"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"slang"
]
}
],
"word": "holk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.