See lack in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lack meaning in English (37.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "adequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "excess"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "for lack of"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "for lack of trying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lackless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lack of sleep"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lack",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lakke"
},
"expansion": "lakke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lak"
},
"expansion": "lak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*læc",
"t": "deficiency, lack, want"
},
"expansion": "Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lakaz",
"t": "slackness"
},
"expansion": "*lakaz (“slackness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lakaz",
"t": "limp, slack, loose, low"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lak(k)ōną",
"t": "to blame, reproach"
},
"expansion": "*lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lok-néh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lak",
"t": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lak",
"t": "lack"
},
"expansion": "lak (“lack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lak",
"t": "lack, deficiency, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lakur",
"3": "",
"4": "lacking"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lakur (“lacking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to blame, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "carence",
"t": "absence, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle English carence (“absence, lack”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "carence"
},
"expansion": "Old French carence",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lack, lakke, lak, from Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak, from Proto-Germanic *laką, *lakaz (“slackness”), from Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”), related to *lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”), Middle Low German lack, lak (“lack”), Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”), Icelandic lakur (“lacking”). Related also to Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”).\nEclipsed non-native Middle English carence (“absence, lack”), from Old French carence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "lack (countable and uncountable, plural lacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "apathy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "poverty"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "abundant"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "glut"
},
{
"word": "surplus"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Green Day (lyrics and music), “Basket Case”",
"text": "I went to a shrink, to analyze my dreams. He said it's lack of sex that's bringing me down.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, “Moldova 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "If Moldova harboured even the slightest hopes of pulling off a comeback that would have bordered on miraculous given their lack of quality, they were snuffed out 13 minutes before the break when Oxlade-Chamberlain picked his way through midfield before releasing Defoe for a finish that should have been dealt with more convincingly by Namasco at his near post.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13",
"text": "More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of \"you can get two tickets for the price of two\", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-noun-Yql2E-HB",
"links": [
[
"deficiency",
"deficiency"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naqṣ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَقْص"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕadam wujūd",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَدَم وُجُود"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakas",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "պակաս"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "natoni",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "নাটনি"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "onaton",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "অনাটন"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "çatışmazlıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "qıtlıq"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adsútnascʹ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "адсу́тнасць"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "brak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брак"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaxvát",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недахва́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaxóp",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недахо́п"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"roman": "ābhāv",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "आभाव"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "núžda",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ну́жда"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lípsa",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ли́пса"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsǎ́stvie",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отсъ́ствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manca"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bùzú",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "不足"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quēfá",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "缺乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatek"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gebrek"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "manko"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "puute"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vajaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vaje"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manque"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défaut"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "absence"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falla"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "marra"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐍅𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "éndeia",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἔνδεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chóser",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חוסר"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kamī",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कमी"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "hiány"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skortur"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vaijuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uireasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancanza"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"alt": "ふそく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fusoku",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "不足"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"alt": "けつぼう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ketsubō",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "欠乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bujok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "부족"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeolpip",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "결핍"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mankansa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pēnūria"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nedostatok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостаток"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "illāyma",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "ഇല്ലായ്മ"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "abhāvaṁ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "അഭാവം"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kore"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıkdân",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "فقدان"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brak"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niedostatek"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carência"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "deficiência"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penúria"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escassez"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lipsă (de)"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otsútstvije",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отсу́тствие"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nexvátka",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нехва́тка"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоста́ток"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"english": "need",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždá",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нужда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cion"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gainne"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gainnead"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "easbhaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостатак"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatak"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatok"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avsaknad"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "brist"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "menki"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "eksiklik"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "yokluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "yoksunluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "noksan"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брак"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidsútnistʹ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "відсу́тність"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedostáča",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "недоста́ча"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kamī",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "کمی"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffyg"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kemiyey"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kemeyin"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "taynin"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "qıtlığ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-noun-c4HYa1Me",
"links": [
[
"defect",
"defect"
],
[
"failing",
"failing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "dearth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "inadequacy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "infrequency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "insufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "meagerness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "nonsufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "lack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "paucity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rareness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rarity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scantiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scarcity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortcoming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "unsufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "want"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-all"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-grace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-latin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-laughter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-learning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-life"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-linen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-looks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-love"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-mind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lack-pity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lackwit"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lacken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lakken"
},
"expansion": "lakken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "laken"
},
"expansion": "laken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "læccian"
},
"expansion": "Old English læccian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*lacian",
"t": "to blame, criticise, lack"
},
"expansion": "*lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lak(k)ōn",
"t": "to blame, be lacking"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lak(k)ōną",
"t": "to reproach, blame, be lacking"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lok-néh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lakia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian lakia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lekia",
"t": "to contest, blame"
},
"expansion": "lekia (“to contest, blame”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lacken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to reproach, blame, criticise"
},
"expansion": "laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to disapprove, blame, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to blame, reproach"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lacken, lakken, laken, from Old English læccian, *lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Old Frisian lakia, lekia (“to contest, blame”), Middle Low German lacken, laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”), Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”), Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lacking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lacked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lacked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lack (third-person singular simple present lacks, present participle lacking, simple past and past participle lacked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lackluster"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My life lacks excitement.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13",
"text": "More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of \"you can get two tickets for the price of two\", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be without, not to have, to need, to require."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-verb-64yJFFgK",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require."
],
"tags": [
"stative",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mungon"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "falta da"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "brakavácʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бракава́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adsútničacʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "адсу́тнічаць"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nuždaja se",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "нуждая се"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lipsva mi",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "липсва ми"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quē",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "缺"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàn",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quēfá",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "缺乏"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "postrádat"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "derven"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "ontberen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "missen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "gebrek hebben (aan)"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manki"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "xfa",
"lang": "Faliscan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "careo (careo)"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "puuttua"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "tarvita"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manquer"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "marrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aḳlia",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "აკლია"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fehlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"dated",
"transitive"
],
"word": "entbehren"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "fääle"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "déō",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "δέω"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khēreúō",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "χηρεύω"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "-ilatsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manke"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "nélkülöz"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hiányt szenved"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hiányol"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "skorta"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "indijar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "scarseggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "richiedere"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "necessitare"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"alt": "かける",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakeru",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "欠ける"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"alt": "かく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaku",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "欠く"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvah",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "ខ្វះ"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eopda",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "없다"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ko",
"english": "be short",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bujokhada",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "부족하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mankar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "desum"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "egeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "careo"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "desidero"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nedostasuva",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "недостасува"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "kōpaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "dutax",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "дутах"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mangle"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "nedostati",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "недостати"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brakować"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabraknąć"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "carecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "muchuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "usuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otsútstvovatʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отсу́тствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostavátʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "недостава́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "недоста́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "ru",
"english": "need",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždátʹsja",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нужда́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "sid",
"lang": "Sidamo",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hooga"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "manjkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "carecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "sakna"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fattas"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "yoksun olmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brakuváty",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бракува́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "thiếu"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "yn eisiau"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 0 19 3",
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"note": "(noun-to-verb postbase meaning \"to lack N.\") -ngite",
"sense": "be without, need, require"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He'll never lack for company while he's got all that money.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be short (of or for something)."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-verb-0bl5f7DO",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be short (of or for something)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be in want."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-verb-PGfe-GGp",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To be in want."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 5 10 5 3 8 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-verb-LX6NF7Vh",
"links": [
[
"deficiency",
"deficiency"
],
[
"find fault",
"find fault"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "adequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "excess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lack (plural lacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "apathy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "poverty"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "abundant"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lakh"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a lack of rupees"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic form of lakh."
],
"id": "en-lack-en-noun-zlTecQ-v",
"links": [
[
"lakh",
"lakh#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "good lack"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "dearth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "inadequacy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "infrequency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "insufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "meagerness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "nonsufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "lack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "paucity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rareness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rarity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scantiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scarcity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortcoming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "unsufficiency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "want"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "adequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "excess"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "for lack of"
},
{
"word": "for lack of trying"
},
{
"word": "lackless"
},
{
"word": "lack of sleep"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lack",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lakke"
},
"expansion": "lakke",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lak"
},
"expansion": "lak",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*læc",
"t": "deficiency, lack, want"
},
"expansion": "Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laką"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laką",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lakaz",
"t": "slackness"
},
"expansion": "*lakaz (“slackness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lakaz",
"t": "limp, slack, loose, low"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lak(k)ōną",
"t": "to blame, reproach"
},
"expansion": "*lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lok-néh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Lak",
"t": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lack",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lak",
"t": "lack"
},
"expansion": "lak (“lack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lak",
"t": "lack, deficiency, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lakur",
"3": "",
"4": "lacking"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lakur (“lacking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to blame, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "carence",
"t": "absence, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle English carence (“absence, lack”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "carence"
},
"expansion": "Old French carence",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lack, lakke, lak, from Old English *læc (“deficiency, lack, want”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak, from Proto-Germanic *laką, *lakaz (“slackness”), from Proto-Germanic *lakaz (“limp, slack, loose, low”), related to *lak(k)ōną (“to blame, reproach”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Lak (“lack”), Middle Low German lack, lak (“lack”), Dutch lak (“lack, deficiency, calumny”), Icelandic lakur (“lacking”). Related also to Middle Dutch laken (“to blame, lack”).\nEclipsed non-native Middle English carence (“absence, lack”), from Old French carence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "lack (countable and uncountable, plural lacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "apathy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "poverty"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "abundant"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "glut"
},
{
"word": "surplus"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Green Day (lyrics and music), “Basket Case”",
"text": "I went to a shrink, to analyze my dreams. He said it's lack of sex that's bringing me down.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, “Moldova 0-5 England”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "If Moldova harboured even the slightest hopes of pulling off a comeback that would have bordered on miraculous given their lack of quality, they were snuffed out 13 minutes before the break when Oxlade-Chamberlain picked his way through midfield before releasing Defoe for a finish that should have been dealt with more convincingly by Namasco at his near post.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13",
"text": "More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of \"you can get two tickets for the price of two\", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want."
],
"links": [
[
"deficiency",
"deficiency"
],
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"absence",
"absence"
],
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy."
],
"links": [
[
"defect",
"defect"
],
[
"failing",
"failing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A defect or failing; moral or spiritual degeneracy."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "dearth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "inadequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "infrequency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "insufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "meagerness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "nonsufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "lack"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "paucity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rareness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rarity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scantiness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scarcity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortcoming"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "unsufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "want"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naqṣ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَقْص"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕadam wujūd",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "عَدَم وُجُود"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakas",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "պակաս"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "natoni",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "নাটনি"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "onaton",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "অনাটন"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "çatışmazlıq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "qıtlıq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adsútnascʹ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "адсу́тнасць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "brak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брак"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaxvát",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недахва́т"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "njedaxóp",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недахо́п"
},
{
"code": "bho",
"lang": "Bhojpuri",
"roman": "ābhāv",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "आभाव"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "núžda",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ну́жда"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lípsa",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ли́пса"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otsǎ́stvie",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отсъ́ствие"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manca"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bùzú",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "不足"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quēfá",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "缺乏"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatek"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gebrek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "manko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "puute"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vajaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vaje"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manque"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défaut"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "absence"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falla"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "marra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carencia"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Mangel"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "wan",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "𐍅𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "éndeia",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἔνδεια"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chóser",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חוסר"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kamī",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "कमी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "hiány"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skortur"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "vaijuus"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "uireasa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mancanza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scarsità"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carenza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"alt": "ふそく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fusoku",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "不足"
},
{
"alt": "けつぼう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ketsubō",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "欠乏"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bujok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "부족"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeolpip",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "결핍"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mankansa"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pēnūria"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nedostatok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостаток"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "illāyma",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "ഇല്ലായ്മ"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "abhāvaṁ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "അഭാവം"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kore"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangel"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıkdân",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "فقدان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niedostatek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carência"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "deficiência"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penúria"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escassez"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lipsă (de)"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otsútstvije",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "отсу́тствие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nexvátka",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нехва́тка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátok",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "недоста́ток"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "need",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždá",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нужда́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cion"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gainne"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gainnead"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "easbhaidh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "недостатак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nedostatok"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "falta"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carencia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penuria"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escasez"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avsaknad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "brist"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "menki"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "eksiklik"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "yokluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "yoksunluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "noksan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brak",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брак"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vidsútnistʹ",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "відсу́тність"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nedostáča",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "недоста́ча"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "kamī",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "کمی"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diffyg"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kemiyey"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "kemeyin"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "taynin"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "deficiency, need",
"word": "qıtlığ"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lack-all"
},
{
"word": "lack-grace"
},
{
"word": "lack-latin"
},
{
"word": "lack-laughter"
},
{
"word": "lack-learning"
},
{
"word": "lack-life"
},
{
"word": "lack-linen"
},
{
"word": "lack-looks"
},
{
"word": "lack-love"
},
{
"word": "lack-mind"
},
{
"word": "lack-pity"
},
{
"word": "lackwit"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lacken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lakken"
},
"expansion": "lakken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "laken"
},
"expansion": "laken",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "læccian"
},
"expansion": "Old English læccian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*lacian",
"t": "to blame, criticise, lack"
},
"expansion": "*lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lak(k)ōn",
"t": "to blame, be lacking"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lak(k)ōną",
"t": "to reproach, blame, be lacking"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lok-néh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lakia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian lakia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lekia",
"t": "to contest, blame"
},
"expansion": "lekia (“to contest, blame”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "lacken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lacken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to reproach, blame, criticise"
},
"expansion": "laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to disapprove, blame, lack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laken",
"t": "to blame, reproach"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lacken, lakken, laken, from Old English læccian, *lacian (“to blame, criticise, lack”), from Proto-West Germanic *lak(k)ōn (“to blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *lak(k)ōną (“to reproach, blame, be lacking”), from Proto-Indo-European *lok-néh₂-. Cognate with Old Frisian lakia, lekia (“to contest, blame”), Middle Low German lacken, laken (“to reproach, blame, criticise”), Middle Dutch laken (“to disapprove, blame, lack”), Dutch laken (“to blame, reproach”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lacking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lacked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lacked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lack (third-person singular simple present lacks, present participle lacking, simple past and past participle lacked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "lackluster"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English stative verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My life lacks excitement.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Tom Allett, “Network News: MPs concerned at Treasury's influence on rail industry”, in RAIL, number 948, page 13",
"text": "More flak was aimed at the Treasury's apparent lack of marketing skills, when it was argued that its idea of how to sell tickets was along the lines of \"you can get two tickets for the price of two\", and it lacks the sales and promotional skills of the train operating companies which are needed to boost revenue.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be without, not to have, to need, to require."
],
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require."
],
"tags": [
"stative",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He'll never lack for company while he's got all that money.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be short (of or for something)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be short (of or for something)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be in want."
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To be in want."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach."
],
"links": [
[
"deficiency",
"deficiency"
],
[
"find fault",
"find fault"
],
[
"malign",
"malign"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To see the deficiency in (someone or something); to find fault with, to malign, reproach."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mungon"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "falta da"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "brakavácʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бракава́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "adsútničacʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "адсу́тнічаць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nuždaja se",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "нуждая се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lipsva mi",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "липсва ми"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quē",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "缺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàn",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "quēfá",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "缺乏"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "postrádat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "derven"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "ontberen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "missen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "gebrek hebben (aan)"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manki"
},
{
"code": "xfa",
"lang": "Faliscan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "careo (careo)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "puuttua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "tarvita"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manquer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fallar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "marrar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aḳlia",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "აკლია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mangeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fehlen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"dated",
"transitive"
],
"word": "entbehren"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "fääle"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "déō",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "δέω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khēreúō",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "χηρεύω"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "-ilatsi"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "manke"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "nélkülöz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hiányt szenved"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hiányol"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "skorta"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "indijar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "scarseggiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "richiedere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "necessitare"
},
{
"alt": "かける",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakeru",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "欠ける"
},
{
"alt": "かく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaku",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "欠く"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khvah",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "ខ្វះ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eopda",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "없다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"english": "be short",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bujokhada",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "부족하다"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mankar"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "desum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "egeo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "careo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "desidero"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nedostasuva",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "недостасува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "kōpaka"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "dutax",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "дутах"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mangle"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "mancar"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "nedostati",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "недостати"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brakować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zabraknąć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "carecer"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "muchuy"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "usuy"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "otsútstvovatʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отсу́тствовать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostavátʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "недостава́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nedostátʹ",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "недоста́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "need",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nuždátʹsja",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "нужда́ться"
},
{
"code": "sid",
"lang": "Sidamo",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "hooga"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "manjkati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "faltar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "carecer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "sakna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "fattas"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "yoksun olmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brakuváty",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бракува́ти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "thiếu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "be without, need, require",
"word": "yn eisiau"
},
{
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"note": "(noun-to-verb postbase meaning \"to lack N.\") -ngite",
"sense": "be without, need, require"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "adequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "excess"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/æk",
"Rhymes:English/æk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lacks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lack (plural lacks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "apathy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "cowardice"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "poverty"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "good lack"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "abundant"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lakh"
}
],
"categories": [
"English archaic forms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a lack of rupees"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic form of lakh."
],
"links": [
[
"lakh",
"lakh#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læk/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"homophone": "lakh (one pronunciation)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æk"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lack.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg/En-us-lack.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/En-us-lack.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "dearth"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "deficit"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "inadequacy"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "infrequency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "insufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "meagerness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "nonsufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "lack"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "paucity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "penury"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rareness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "rarity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scantiness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "scarcity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "shortcoming"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "unsufficiency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:lack",
"word": "want"
}
],
"word": "lack"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"lack"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "lack",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.