See brawl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 20 12 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 14 7 31 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 8 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 7 32 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barroom brawl"
},
{
"word": "basebrawl"
},
{
"word": "basketbrawl"
},
{
"word": "beanbrawl"
},
{
"word": "bench-clearing brawl"
},
{
"word": "brawlsome"
},
{
"word": "brawly"
},
{
"word": "footbrawl"
},
{
"word": "line brawl"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "Three Ciuell brawles bred of an airie word, / By the old Capulet and Mountague, / Haue thrice diſturbd the quiet of our ſtreets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874 December 18, John M. Shirley, state reporter, “State v. Rollins”, in Reports of Cases in the Superior Court of Judicature of New Hampshire, volume LV, Concord, N.H.: Published by Josiah B. Sanborn, published 1876, →OCLC, page 102:",
"text": "The complaint charged that the defendants, on, etc., at, etc., \"in a certain public place, to wit, in a certain school-house in which a singing-school was then and there being held, did make a great brawl and tumult, and stamped their feet on the floor, hissed, used loud and saucy language, and were guilty of rude, indecent, and disorderly conduct.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940 June 21, “Further Statement of Thad H. Brown, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C.”, in Nomination of Thad H. Brown: Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, Seventy-sixth Congress, Third Session on the Nomination of Thad H. Brown on Reappointment as Federal Communications Commissioner […], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 81:",
"text": "It has been reported that an entertainment took place not long ago in a certain \"hot spot\" in New York City, and it has been charged that members of the Federal Communications Commission were present; that they got into a drunken brawl; and in the brawl some woman was hurt, her arm twisted.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 26, Christopher D. Shea, “‘T2 Trainspotting’: The early reviews”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-21:",
"text": "Robert Carlyle appears as Begbie, who starts brawls with almost anyone who crosses his path; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-N0V888up",
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "row"
},
{
"word": "scuffle"
},
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "dispute"
},
{
"word": "fight"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kṙiv",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "կռիվ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uličen skandal",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "уличен скандал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumna kavga",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "шумна кавга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打鬧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnào",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打闹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎjià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǎojià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "吵架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "鬥毆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòu'ōu",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "斗殴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rvačka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vechtpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tappelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nujakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bagarre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"France",
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "baston"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rifa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puna"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gurra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liaraza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauferei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlägerei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Getümmel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prügelei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kavgás",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυγάς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spastikós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "σπαστικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolōiós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κολῳός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qtatá",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קְטָטָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bunyó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "áflog"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardagi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "slagsmál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tawuran"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "combattimento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "battaglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baruffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zuffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litigata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruffa"
},
{
"alt": "らんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rantō",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "乱闘"
},
{
"alt": "けんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "喧嘩"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "laḍạ̄ē",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "لَڑٲے"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "jạgḍụ",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "جٔگڑٕ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sodong",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "소동"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tépačka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "те́пачка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karánica",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́ница"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "ady"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "slåsskamp"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kotak-kâri",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "کتککاری"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schläajarie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bijatyka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burda"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "rude",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chryja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozróba"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zadyma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwada"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "napierdalanka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "awantura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "confronto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pancadaria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "încăierare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceartă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dráka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дра́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potasóvka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потасо́вка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "trifulca"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagsmål"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bråk"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amenɣi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "hırgür"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "kavga"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffrwgwd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ffrygydau"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brawler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "brawling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "outbrawl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 20 12 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 14 7 31 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 8 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 7 32 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I do the wrong, and am the first to begin to quarrel. / The secret mischiefs that I set afoot, / I blame on others: …",
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "I doe the wrong, and firſt began to braule / The ſecret miſchiefes that I ſet abroach, / I lay vnto the grieuous charge of others: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1676, Henry Cornelius Agrippa [i.e., Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim], “Of Logick”, in The Vanity of Arts and Sciences, London: Printed by J. C. for Samuel Speed, […], →OCLC, page 43:",
"text": "Theſe are the deep and profound Myſteries of Artificial Logick, invented with ſo much care by theſe fallacious Doctors, [...] Theſe are the Nets, and theſe are the Hounds with which they hunt the Truth of all things, whether natural, as in Phyſicks; or ſupernatural, as in Metaphyſicks: but according to the Proverb of Clodius and Varro, can never overtake, by reaſon of their bawling and brawling one with another.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Humphrey Prideaux, “Book VI”, in The Old and New Testament Connected, in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, from the Declension of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, to the Time of Christ, part I, volume II, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Schaw & Co., […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 417:",
"text": "As long as they [Xanthippe and Myrto, Socrates' wives] diſagreed, they were continually ſcolding, brawling, or fighting, with each other; and whenever they agreed, they both joined in brawling [verb sense 2] at him, and often fell on him with their fiſts as well as with their tongues, and beat him ſoundly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1763, John Henderson, “Sect. XVI. Soliloquy on the Unerring Motions of the Spirit.”, in James Thomson, editor, Divine Meditations and Contemplations, in Prose and Verse, on Some of the Most Important and Interesting Doctrines of Christianity. […], Glasgow: Printed for James Thomson, […], and sold by him […], and by J. Trail, W. Gray, and J. Wood, […]; and by R. Smith, jun. […], →OCLC, page 305:",
"text": "[U]pon every trifle, the vitiated faculties of thy ſoul are inflamed with immoderate and moſt irregular paſſion, ſo that thou often brawleſt, and art made thereby to roar like a wild bull caught in a thicket: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter XVI, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "One who rides at all hazards of limb and life in the chase of a fox, will prefer to ride recklessly at most times. So it was with these gentlemen. He was the greatest patriot, in their eyes, who brawled the loudest, and who cared the least for decency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998 July 2, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter; 2), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 63:",
"text": "Brilly and Flintlock brawled in potions class, then they brawled on the soccer field, and finally they brawled sitting in the principal's office.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-66l9XJJ2",
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"brawl",
"#Noun"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "wrangle"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam se",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "карам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prát se"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát se"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "knokpartij"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "räyhätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "nujakoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "se bagarrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "estalifar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "eslatrifarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lidar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "gurrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "reñer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "raufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slást"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "berjast"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "fljúgast á"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "disputachar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "bertawuran"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "tawuran"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähissä"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "combattere"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "litigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "baruffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "accapigliarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigare"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rixor"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "miady"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "دعوا کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bujanitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "буянить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dratʹsja",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "драться"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buzitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "бузить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "pelear"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 3 18 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slåss"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 20 12 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1430–1440, “XXX. The Tapiteres and Couchers. The Dream of Pilate’s Wife: Jesus before Pilate.”, in Lucy Toulmin Smith, editor, York Plays: The Plays Performed by the Crafts or Mysteries of York on the Day of Corpus Christi in the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries: […] (overall work in Middle English), Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, published 1885, →OCLC, [scene iv], page 286, line 380:",
"text": "Say beggar, why brawlest þou? go boune þe to þe barre.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1560, Thomas Ingelend, A Pretie and Mery New Enterlude, Called The Disobedient Child, imprinted at London: […] [B]y Thomas Colwell, →OCLC; republished as John S. Farmer, editor, The Disobedient Child (The Tudor Facsimile Texts; 42), London, Edinburgh: Issued for subscribers by T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC:",
"text": "She [the son's wife] is one that is euermore full of ſtryfe / And of all Scolders beareth the Bell. / When ſhe ſpeaketh beſt, ſhe brawleth her tonge / When ſhe is ſtyll ſhe fyghteth apace: / She is an olde Witch thoughe ſhe be yonge, / No mirth with her, no ioye or ſolace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hello, what's this, Sir John [Falstaff], what, are you creating a disturbance here? / Is this becoming of a person of your position, your age, and duties?",
"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "How now ſir Iohn, what are you brawling here? / Doth this become your place, your time, and buſineſſe?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter XI, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 274:",
"text": "[I]f a king will not remain at home and slay his own game, methinks he should not brawl too loud if he finds it killed to his hand.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1862 April, “The Bicentenary Commemoration of 1662”, in The Ecclesiastic and Theologian, volume XXIV, London: Joseph Masters, […]; Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. H. and James Parker; A. R. Mowbray; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Hall and Son; Derby, Derbyshire: J. and C. Mozley, →OCLC, page 239:",
"text": "He [one Samuel Tuke] blasphemeth God's Holy Word, preacheth sedition and rebellion, telleth in the pulpit many foolish lies and ridiculous tales, brawleth against the reverend and learned ministers of the country, and raileth upon the worshipful gentry; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-J8ggYI7r",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 28 16 5 2 24 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 11 50 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 18 3 3 24 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"_dis": "22 17 8 35 18",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "21 12 9 33 24",
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"_dis": "17 14 13 43 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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"_dis": "15 14 10 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 8 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 8 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 14 7 33 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 5 65 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 9 36 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 7 32 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 14 8 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 50 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 48 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 14 8 37 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 11 10 50 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tarifit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 14 8 37 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 12 44 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 22 5 5 14 4 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 190, column 1:",
"text": "To day my Lord of Amiens, and my ſelfe, / Did ſteale behinde him as he lay along / Vnder an oake, whoſe anticke roote peepes out / Vpon the brooke that brawles along this wood, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1793, W[illiam] Wordsworth, An Evening Walk. An Epistle; in Verse. […], London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC; republished as “The Female Beggar. From Wordsworth’s Evening Walk.”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, or Literary Miscellany, volume III (New Series), Edinburgh: Printed for James Symington […] and sold in London by H. Murray […], and W. Boag […], May 1794, →OCLC, page 387, column 1:",
"text": "―When low-hung clouds each ſtar of ſummer hide, / And fireleſs are the valleys far and wide, / Where the brook brawls along the painful road, / Dark with bat haunted aſhes ſtretching broad, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, J. H. Craig [pseudonym; James Hogg], The Hunting of Badlewe: A Dramatic Tale, London: H[enry] Colburn; Edinburgh: G. Goldie, →OCLC, page 1; quoted in “The Hunting of Badlewe, a Dramatic Tale. 8vo. Edin. 1814. [From the Scottish Review.]”, in The Analectic Magazine, Containing Selections from Foreign Reviews and Magazines, together with Original Miscellaneous Compositions, volume V (New Series), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published and sold by Moses Thomas, […], May 1815, →OCLC, pages 353–354:",
"text": "What seek we here / Amid this waste where desolation scowls, / And the red torrent, brawling down the linn, / Sings everlasting discord?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-QaGK0vDi",
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"stream",
"stream#Noun"
],
[
"running",
"run#Verb"
],
[
"stones",
"stone#Noun"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 20 12 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 14 7 31 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 8 30 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 12 7 32 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-2mmC9PJi",
"links": [
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse#Noun"
],
[
"scold",
"scold#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "French branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*brandus",
"4": "",
"5": "firebrand; flaming sword; sword"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenu-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 28 16 5 2 24 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 18 3 3 24 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 18 2 2 24 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 22 5 5 14 4 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 14 9 4 14 10 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "en:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-verb-~sIDP5cv",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
],
[
"quiver",
"quiver#Verb"
],
[
"shake",
"shake#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vibrate"
},
{
"word": "waver"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branle",
"4": "",
"5": "type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake"
},
"expansion": "French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.\nAlternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dance",
"orig": "en:Dance",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 28 16 5 2 24 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 18 3 3 24 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 18 2 2 24 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 22 5 5 14 4 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dance move or step."
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-0eMMI6dM",
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"move",
"move#Noun"
],
[
"step",
"step#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, obsolete) A type of dance move or step."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance",
"word": "branle"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dance",
"orig": "en:Dance",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 28 16 5 2 24 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 18 3 3 24 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 28 18 2 2 24 2 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 22 5 5 14 4 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dances",
"orig": "en:Dances",
"parents": [
"Dance",
"Art",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:",
"text": "Boy. Maiſter, will you win your loue with a french braule? / Brag[gart]. How meaneſt thou? brawling in French. / Boy. No my complet Maiſter, but to Iigge off a tune at the tongues ende, canarie to it with your feete, humour it with turning vp your eylids, ſigh a note and ſing a note ſomtime through the throate, if you ſwallowed loue with ſinging loue [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"id": "en-brawl-en-noun-xS90yKTx",
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"branle",
"branle#English"
],
[
"French",
"French#Adjective"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"couples",
"couple#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, music, historical) Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"music",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashmiri translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "barroom brawl"
},
{
"word": "basebrawl"
},
{
"word": "basketbrawl"
},
{
"word": "beanbrawl"
},
{
"word": "bench-clearing brawl"
},
{
"word": "brawlsome"
},
{
"word": "brawly"
},
{
"word": "footbrawl"
},
{
"word": "line brawl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "Three Ciuell brawles bred of an airie word, / By the old Capulet and Mountague, / Haue thrice diſturbd the quiet of our ſtreets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874 December 18, John M. Shirley, state reporter, “State v. Rollins”, in Reports of Cases in the Superior Court of Judicature of New Hampshire, volume LV, Concord, N.H.: Published by Josiah B. Sanborn, published 1876, →OCLC, page 102:",
"text": "The complaint charged that the defendants, on, etc., at, etc., \"in a certain public place, to wit, in a certain school-house in which a singing-school was then and there being held, did make a great brawl and tumult, and stamped their feet on the floor, hissed, used loud and saucy language, and were guilty of rude, indecent, and disorderly conduct.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1940 June 21, “Further Statement of Thad H. Brown, Commissioner, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C.”, in Nomination of Thad H. Brown: Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce, United States Senate, Seventy-sixth Congress, Third Session on the Nomination of Thad H. Brown on Reappointment as Federal Communications Commissioner […], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 81:",
"text": "It has been reported that an entertainment took place not long ago in a certain \"hot spot\" in New York City, and it has been charged that members of the Federal Communications Commission were present; that they got into a drunken brawl; and in the brawl some woman was hurt, her arm twisted.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 January 26, Christopher D. Shea, “‘T2 Trainspotting’: The early reviews”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-21:",
"text": "Robert Carlyle appears as Begbie, who starts brawls with almost anyone who crosses his path; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved."
],
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Noun"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number#Noun"
],
[
"involve",
"involve"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "row"
},
{
"word": "scuffle"
},
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "dispute"
},
{
"word": "fight"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kṙiv",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "կռիվ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uličen skandal",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "уличен скандал"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumna kavga",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "шумна кавга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mele",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меле"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "boj",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бой"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打鬧"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎnào",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打闹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dǎjià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "打架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǎojià",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "吵架"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "鬥毆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dòu'ōu",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "斗殴"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rvačka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vechtpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tappelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nujakka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "rähinä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bagarre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"France",
"feminine",
"slang"
],
"word": "baston"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liorta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rifa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lea"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puna"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lida"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gurra"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liaraza"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauferei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlägerei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Getümmel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Prügelei"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kavgás",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "καυγάς"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "spastikós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "σπαστικός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kolōiós",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κολῳός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qtatá",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קְטָטָה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bunyó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "áflog"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bardagi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "slagsmál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tumulto"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "tawuran"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lotta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "combattimento"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rissa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "battaglia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baruffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zuffa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "litigio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "litigata"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruffa"
},
{
"alt": "らんとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rantō",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "乱闘"
},
{
"alt": "けんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kenka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "喧嘩"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "laḍạ̄ē",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "لَڑٲے"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "jạgḍụ",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "جٔگڑٕ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sodong",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "소동"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tépačka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "те́пачка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karánica",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кара́ница"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "ady"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "nonoketanga"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "slåsskamp"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kotak-kâri",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "کتککاری"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schläajarie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bijatyka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burda"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "rude",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chryja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "draka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"word": "rozróba"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zadyma"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zwada"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bitka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "napierdalanka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "awantura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rixa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "briga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "confronto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pancadaria"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "încăierare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceartă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "scandal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dráka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дра́ка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potasóvka",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потасо́вка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pelea"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "trifulca"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagsmål"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bråk"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "amenɣi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "hırgür"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"word": "kavga"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ffrwgwd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "disorderly argument or fight",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ffrygydau"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashmiri translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brawler"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "brawling"
},
{
"word": "outbrawl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "braulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English braulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bralle",
"3": "",
"4": "to chatter, jabber"
},
"expansion": "Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch brallen (“to boast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "brallen",
"3": "",
"4": "to brag"
},
"expansion": "Low German brallen (“to brag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "prālen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "prahlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to boast, flaunt, vaunt"
},
"expansion": "German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brall"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brall",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Late Middle English braulen, brall, brallen (“to clamour, to shout; to quarrel; to boast”); further etymology is uncertain, but the word could be related to bray and ultimately imitative. It may be cognate with Danish bralle (“to chatter, jabber”), Dutch brallen (“to boast”), Low German brallen (“to brag”), Middle High German prālen (“to boast, flaunt”) (modern German prahlen (“to boast, flaunt, vaunt”)).\nThe noun is derived from Middle English brall, bralle, braul, braule, brawle (“disturbance, squabble; brawl”), from the verb braulen: see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I do the wrong, and am the first to begin to quarrel. / The secret mischiefs that I set afoot, / I blame on others: …",
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedy of King Richard the Third. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Sims [and Peter Short] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "I doe the wrong, and firſt began to braule / The ſecret miſchiefes that I ſet abroach, / I lay vnto the grieuous charge of others: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1676, Henry Cornelius Agrippa [i.e., Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim], “Of Logick”, in The Vanity of Arts and Sciences, London: Printed by J. C. for Samuel Speed, […], →OCLC, page 43:",
"text": "Theſe are the deep and profound Myſteries of Artificial Logick, invented with ſo much care by theſe fallacious Doctors, [...] Theſe are the Nets, and theſe are the Hounds with which they hunt the Truth of all things, whether natural, as in Phyſicks; or ſupernatural, as in Metaphyſicks: but according to the Proverb of Clodius and Varro, can never overtake, by reaſon of their bawling and brawling one with another.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1716, Humphrey Prideaux, “Book VI”, in The Old and New Testament Connected, in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, from the Declension of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, to the Time of Christ, part I, volume II, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Schaw & Co., […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 417:",
"text": "As long as they [Xanthippe and Myrto, Socrates' wives] diſagreed, they were continually ſcolding, brawling, or fighting, with each other; and whenever they agreed, they both joined in brawling [verb sense 2] at him, and often fell on him with their fiſts as well as with their tongues, and beat him ſoundly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1763, John Henderson, “Sect. XVI. Soliloquy on the Unerring Motions of the Spirit.”, in James Thomson, editor, Divine Meditations and Contemplations, in Prose and Verse, on Some of the Most Important and Interesting Doctrines of Christianity. […], Glasgow: Printed for James Thomson, […], and sold by him […], and by J. Trail, W. Gray, and J. Wood, […]; and by R. Smith, jun. […], →OCLC, page 305:",
"text": "[U]pon every trifle, the vitiated faculties of thy ſoul are inflamed with immoderate and moſt irregular paſſion, ſo that thou often brawleſt, and art made thereby to roar like a wild bull caught in a thicket: [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, chapter XVI, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "One who rides at all hazards of limb and life in the chase of a fox, will prefer to ride recklessly at most times. So it was with these gentlemen. He was the greatest patriot, in their eyes, who brawled the loudest, and who cared the least for decency.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998 July 2, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter; 2), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 63:",
"text": "Brilly and Flintlock brawled in potions class, then they brawled on the soccer field, and finally they brawled sitting in the principal's office.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"links": [
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"brawl",
"#Noun"
],
[
"fight",
"fight#Verb"
],
[
"quarrel",
"quarrel#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "squabble"
},
{
"word": "wrangle"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1430–1440, “XXX. The Tapiteres and Couchers. The Dream of Pilate’s Wife: Jesus before Pilate.”, in Lucy Toulmin Smith, editor, York Plays: The Plays Performed by the Crafts or Mysteries of York on the Day of Corpus Christi in the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries: […] (overall work in Middle English), Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, published 1885, →OCLC, [scene iv], page 286, line 380:",
"text": "Say beggar, why brawlest þou? go boune þe to þe barre.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1560, Thomas Ingelend, A Pretie and Mery New Enterlude, Called The Disobedient Child, imprinted at London: […] [B]y Thomas Colwell, →OCLC; republished as John S. Farmer, editor, The Disobedient Child (The Tudor Facsimile Texts; 42), London, Edinburgh: Issued for subscribers by T. C. & E. C. Jack, […], 1908, →OCLC:",
"text": "She [the son's wife] is one that is euermore full of ſtryfe / And of all Scolders beareth the Bell. / When ſhe ſpeaketh beſt, ſhe brawleth her tonge / When ſhe is ſtyll ſhe fyghteth apace: / She is an olde Witch thoughe ſhe be yonge, / No mirth with her, no ioye or ſolace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Hello, what's this, Sir John [Falstaff], what, are you creating a disturbance here? / Is this becoming of a person of your position, your age, and duties?",
"ref": "c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "How now ſir Iohn, what are you brawling here? / Doth this become your place, your time, and buſineſſe?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter XI, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 274:",
"text": "[I]f a king will not remain at home and slay his own game, methinks he should not brawl too loud if he finds it killed to his hand.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1862 April, “The Bicentenary Commemoration of 1662”, in The Ecclesiastic and Theologian, volume XXIV, London: Joseph Masters, […]; Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. H. and James Parker; A. R. Mowbray; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Hall and Son; Derby, Derbyshire: J. and C. Mozley, →OCLC, page 239:",
"text": "He [one Samuel Tuke] blasphemeth God's Holy Word, preacheth sedition and rebellion, telleth in the pulpit many foolish lies and ridiculous tales, brawleth against the reverend and learned ministers of the country, and raileth upon the worshipful gentry; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"complain",
"complain"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To create a disturbance; to complain loudly."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 190, column 1:",
"text": "To day my Lord of Amiens, and my ſelfe, / Did ſteale behinde him as he lay along / Vnder an oake, whoſe anticke roote peepes out / Vpon the brooke that brawles along this wood, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1793, W[illiam] Wordsworth, An Evening Walk. An Epistle; in Verse. […], London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC; republished as “The Female Beggar. From Wordsworth’s Evening Walk.”, in The Edinburgh Magazine, or Literary Miscellany, volume III (New Series), Edinburgh: Printed for James Symington […] and sold in London by H. Murray […], and W. Boag […], May 1794, →OCLC, page 387, column 1:",
"text": "―When low-hung clouds each ſtar of ſummer hide, / And fireleſs are the valleys far and wide, / Where the brook brawls along the painful road, / Dark with bat haunted aſhes ſtretching broad, [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1814, J. H. Craig [pseudonym; James Hogg], The Hunting of Badlewe: A Dramatic Tale, London: H[enry] Colburn; Edinburgh: G. Goldie, →OCLC, page 1; quoted in “The Hunting of Badlewe, a Dramatic Tale. 8vo. Edin. 1814. [From the Scottish Review.]”, in The Analectic Magazine, Containing Selections from Foreign Reviews and Magazines, together with Original Miscellaneous Compositions, volume V (New Series), Philadelphia, Pa.: Published and sold by Moses Thomas, […], May 1815, →OCLC, pages 353–354:",
"text": "What seek we here / Amid this waste where desolation scowls, / And the red torrent, brawling down the linn, / Sings everlasting discord?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"links": [
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"stream",
"stream#Noun"
],
[
"running",
"run#Verb"
],
[
"stones",
"stone#Noun"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"confused",
"confused#Adjective"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Especially of a rapid stream running over stones: to make a loud, confused noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"links": [
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse#Noun"
],
[
"scold",
"scold#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To pour abuse on; to scold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karam se",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "карам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prát se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rvát se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "knokpartij"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "räyhätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "nujakoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "se bagarrer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lear"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "derrancar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "estalifar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "eslatrifarse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lidar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "gurrar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "reñer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "breigar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "raufen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slást"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "berjast"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "fljúgast á"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "disputachar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "bertawuran"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "tawuran"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rähissä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lottare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "combattere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "litigare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "baruffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "accapigliarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "rixor"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "miady"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "دعوا کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "lutar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "brigar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bujanitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "буянить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dratʹsja",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "драться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buzitʹ",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "бузить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "pelear"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to engage in a brawl — see also fight, quarrel",
"word": "slåss"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake"
},
"expansion": "French branler (“to shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*brandus",
"4": "",
"5": "firebrand; flaming sword; sword"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrenu-",
"4": "",
"5": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from French branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”), from brand, branc (“blade of a sword”), from Vulgar Latin *brandus (“firebrand; flaming sword; sword”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenu- (“to burn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (third-person singular simple present brawls, present participle brawling, simple past and past participle brawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move#Verb"
],
[
"to and fro",
"to and fro"
],
[
"quiver",
"quiver#Verb"
],
[
"shake",
"shake#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) To move to and fro, to quiver, to shake."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vibrate"
},
{
"word": "waver"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable",
"en:Dances",
"en:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "branle",
"4": "",
"5": "type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake"
},
"expansion": "French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brandeler",
"4": "",
"5": "to shake, wave; to agitate"
},
"expansion": "Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French branle (“type of dance; an act of shaking, a shake”), from branler (“to shake”), from Old French brandeler (“to shake, wave; to agitate”); see further at etymology 2.\nAlternatively, the word could be derived from brawl (“(obsolete) to move to and fro, quiver, shake”): see etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brawl (plural brawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Dance"
],
"glosses": [
"A type of dance move or step."
],
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"move",
"move#Noun"
],
[
"step",
"step#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, obsolete) A type of dance move or step."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance",
"word": "branle"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Dance",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:",
"text": "Boy. Maiſter, will you win your loue with a french braule? / Brag[gart]. How meaneſt thou? brawling in French. / Boy. No my complet Maiſter, but to Iigge off a tune at the tongues ende, canarie to it with your feete, humour it with turning vp your eylids, ſigh a note and ſing a note ſomtime through the throate, if you ſwallowed loue with ſinging loue [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"links": [
[
"dance",
"dance#Noun"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"branle",
"branle#English"
],
[
"French",
"French#Adjective"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"couples",
"couple#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dance, music, historical) Alternative form of branle (“dance of French origin dating from the 16th century, performed by couples in a circle or a line; the music for this dance”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"dance",
"dancing",
"entertainment",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"music",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-brawl.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga/En-uk-brawl.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-uk-brawl.oga"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
}
],
"word": "brawl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brawl meaning in English (42.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.